Trans-Saharan Trade Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which group primarily facilitated and controlled the trans-Saharan trade?

  • European traders
  • The Songhai Empire
  • The Mali Empire
  • The Berber merchants of North Africa (correct)
  • The trans-Saharan trade was initiated by Europeans seeking resources in West Africa.

    False (B)

    Name one of the major geographical elements that significantly influenced the organization of trans-Saharan trade.

    the desert

    Before the use of camels, the trans-Saharan trade relied on two-wheeled horse drawn vehicles and ______.

    <p>pack-oxen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cities with their role in the trans-Saharan trade:

    <p>Timbuktu = Commercial center Sijilmasa = Route to Audoghast Kano = Commercial center Wadan = Route to Audoghast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a major commodity traded from West Africa to North Africa?

    <p>Gold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trans-Saharan trade exclusively used a cash-based monetary system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What animal was introduced to assist trade due to its ability to withstand the harsh desert conditions?

    <p>Camels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributed to the development of the Trans-Saharan trade?

    <p>The introduction of camels to North Africa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abolition of the slave trade by European nations contributed to the fall of the Trans-Saharan trade.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the West-East routes of the Trans-Saharan trade.

    <p>Timbuktu or Goa to Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first Europeans to visit Nigeria were the ______.

    <p>Portuguese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following trade routes with their descriptions:

    <p>West-East Routes = Routes from Timbuktu or Goa to Egypt Southern Routes = Routes from Diara down the Senegal River to Bambuk goldfield Central Routes = Routes from Tunisia through Ghadames, Ghat and air to Katsina and Kano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a reason for European penetration into Nigeria?

    <p>To spread Christianity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prince Henry, the navigator of Spain, visited Nigeria with a Christian motive.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors led to the fall of Trans-Saharan trade?

    <p>Introduction of European salt to the market (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a listed contribution of Christianity to Nigeria?

    <p>Introduction of internet services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ajayi Crowther was a missionary who traveled from Nigeria to Europe.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one problem faced by Christian missionaries in Nigeria.

    <p>Language barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The business of capturing, transporting, selling, and buying enslaved African people for profit is known as ________.

    <p>slave trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following missionaries with their area

    <p>Mary Slessor = Missionary to Nigeria Samuel Bill = Missionary to Nigeria Birch Freeman = Missionary to Nigeria Henry Townsend = Missionary to Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of missionaries?

    <p>To perform charitable work and convert people to their faith. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Christianity had no impact on the suppression of slave trade in Nigeria.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a primary reason for European penetration into Nigeria?

    <p>Desire to learn about Nigerian culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skills were the people helped to have as a result of Christianity in Nigeria?

    <p>Vocational skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prince Henry was successful in converting the Oba of Benin to Christianity.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two early European merchants who operated in Nigeria.

    <p>Taubman Goldie and John Holt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    John Holt founded a shipping line known as John Holt ______.

    <p>Plc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their roles in early European engagement with Nigeria:

    <p>Mungo Park = Explorer Taubman Goldie = Merchant John Holt = Merchant Richard Lander = Explorer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trade goods attracted the Portuguese to Benin?

    <p>Beads, pepper, and ivory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Benin people were happy with the Portuguese and encouraged them to stay.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did King John II send missionaries to Benin?

    <p>1553</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a method used by the British to conquer Nigeria?

    <p>Economic partnerships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lagos Colony was the first part of Nigeria to become a British colony in 1961.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the Royal Niger Company formed?

    <p>1879</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the system of ______ rule, territories were run directly by colonial officials.

    <p>direct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wars with their approximate period:

    <p>Anglo-Aro war = 1901-1902 British Ijebu war = 1892 Benin war = 1897 Opobo war = Exact year not specified in text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following locations served as agricultural experimentation centers for the abolitionists in West Africa?

    <p>Sierra Leone and Liberia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The French successfully developed agricultural production in Senegal in 1818.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two major commodities used in legitimate trade after the abolition of the slave trade?

    <p>Palm oil and kolanut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ was a horse-shoe shaped currency made of brass used in West Africa for transactions.

    <p>Manilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the commodity with its primary region or usage:

    <p>Palm Oil = Igbo land, used for soap and lubricant Kola Nut = Hausas and middle Volta basin, used for hospitality Manilla = West Africa, Currency Palm Kernel = Europe, Used for making soap and as a lubricant for machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's total export did palm produce constitute by 1900?

    <p>89% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kola nut was valued only for its teeth-cleaning properties.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which European country began plans for agricultural production development in Senegal, although it ultimately failed?

    <p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Trans-Saharan Trade

    Trade that flourished across the Sahara between North African Arabs and West African traders.

    Origin of Trans-Saharan Trade

    Believed to have started in pre-historic times, peaking around the 8th century.

    Key Commodities

    Mainly gold and salt, with other goods like slaves, copper, and cloth.

    Berber Merchants

    North African traders who organized and controlled the trans-Saharan trade.

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    Trade Routes

    Pathways used by traders, including north-south routes from Morocco.

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    Barter System

    A system where goods were exchanged directly without money.

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    Caravans

    Groups of traders traveling together across the desert for safety.

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    Cities as Commercial Centers

    Timbuktu, Goa, and Kano became major trading hubs.

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    Oba of Benin

    The intelligent king who engaged with Europeans for trade.

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    King John II's mission

    Revived exploration aimed at converting the Oba of Benin to Christianity in 1553.

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    Reasons for European penetration

    Motivations including industrial opportunities, trade, and territorial expansion.

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    Mungo Park

    One of the early explorers who traveled to Nigeria.

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    Taubman Goldie

    A British merchant who advanced trade in Nigeria.

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    John Holt

    British merchant who established a shipping line in Nigeria.

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    Role of missionaries

    Christian missionaries aimed to convert people and spread Christianity in Nigeria.

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    European merchants

    Traders who expanded business opportunities in Africa.

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    Christian Missionaries

    Individuals traveling to spread Christianity and perform charitable work.

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    Mary Slessor

    A notable missionary known for her work in Nigeria.

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    Contributions of Christianity to Nigeria

    Positive impacts of Christianity such as education and health services.

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    Termination of bad practices

    Ending harmful traditions, like the killing of twins, due to Christian influence.

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    Problems faced by missionaries

    Challenges such as climate, language barriers, and health issues.

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    Slave Trade

    The practice of capturing, transporting, and selling enslaved Africans.

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    Trans-Saharan Slave Trade

    A form of slave trade across the Sahara Desert prior to the civil war.

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    Impacts of trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

    Consequences of enslaving Africans and exporting them to the Americas.

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    West-East Trade Routes

    Routes from Timbuktu or Goa to Egypt, including two primary paths.

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    Southern Trade Routes

    Routes that went from Diara along the Senegal River to Bambuk goldfield.

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    Factors for Trade Development

    Elements like camel introduction, gold demand, and Islam promoting trade.

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    Decline of Trade

    Reasons like abolition of slave trade, oasis drying, and European colonization causing trade decline.

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    Portuguese Arrival in Nigeria

    First European contact with Nigeria by the Portuguese in the late 1480s.

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    Prince Henry the Navigator

    Key figure in Portuguese exploration with a focus on trade and Christianity.

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    Impact of European Contact

    Altered Nigeria’s political and economic landscapes due to European influence.

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    Anglo Aro War

    A conflict between British forces and the Igbo Aro people from 1901-1902.

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    Royal Niger Company

    British trading company formed to control trade in the Niger River region, established in 1879.

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    Indirect Rule

    Colonial administration method where local rulers maintained authority under European supervision.

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    Direct Rule

    Colonial administration where the territory is directly controlled by colonial officials.

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    Berlin Treaty

    An agreement that divided African territories among European powers, including parts of Nigeria.

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    Abolitionist

    A person who advocated for the end of slavery.

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    Legitimate trade

    Trade that replaced the slave trade, focusing on legal commodities.

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    Sierra Leone

    An agricultural experimentation center in West Africa for legitimate trade.

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    Palm oil

    A major commodity exported from Nigeria, used in soap and lubrication.

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    Kola nut

    A valued nut used in Africa for hospitality and energy.

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    Manilla

    A horse-shoe shaped currency used in West Africa from the 15th to 20th century.

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    Commodities traded

    Items exchanged during legitimate trade; mainly palm oil and kola nut.

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    Export growth

    The increase in palm produce export from West Africa, especially Nigeria.

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    Study Notes

    Trans-Saharan Trade

    • Trans-Saharan trade existed between North African and West African traders (Mali, Songhai, etc).
    • Trade began in prehistoric times, peaking around the 8th century and ending in the 17th century.
    • Trade was principally between North Africa, West Africa and Europeans.
    • The Carthaginians controlled parts of North Africa and the Middle East, acting as intermediaries in the trade.
    • The Berbers organized caravans and provided security.
    • Camels replaced pack animals due to their resilience in desert conditions.
    • Trade routes included north-south, west-east, and southern routes.
    • Key trading centers emerged, such as Timbuktu, Goa, Kano.
    • Trade involved bartering and gold coins were used.

    Commodities of Trade

    • Gold and salt were the primary commodities.
    • Other commodities exchanged included slaves, copper tools, beads, cloth, dried figs, dates, cowry shells, etc.
    • Gold and cowries were used as legal tender.

    Factors that Supported Trade

    • Camel introduction in North Africa.
    • Demand for gold in Muslim countries and Europe.
    • Development of centralized states in West Africa.
    • Spread of Islam and diplomatic ties.

    Factors that Led to the Fall of Trade

    • Slave trade abolition by European nations.
    • Oasis drying up.
    • Introduction of European salt.
    • Moroccan invasion of West Africa and regional instability.
    • European colonization and exploitation.

    Early European Contact with Nigeria

    • The Portuguese first visited Benin in 1485-86.
    • Early exploration was motivated by trade, Christianity, and expansion.
    • Europeans sought to convert the Oba of Benin to Christianity, but it failed.
    • Europeans were frustrated by the Benin people and withdrew.
    • Key reasons for European penetration to Nigeria include industrial revolution, transatlantic trade, competition with other colonial powers for resources, trading activities and territorial expansion.
    • Explorers like Mungo Park and Hugh Clapperton visited the region.

    Early European Merchants and Missionaries

    • Merchants like Taubman Goldie and John Holt opened up new trade routes.
    • Missionaries like Mary Slessor, Birch Freeman, Samuel Bill, Henry Townsend, and Ajayi Crowther spread Christianity and provided social services.
    • Key challenges faced by missionaries included climatic issues, language barriers, cultural conflicts, and financial problems

    Problems Faced by Christian Missionaries

    • Unsuitable climate conditions.
    • Language barrier challenges.
    • Misconceptions about Christian culture.
    • Despised African culture.
    • Health problems.
    • Financial difficulties.
    • Insufficient Christian literature, and transportation problems.

    Slave Trade

    • Slave trade was an established business that involved the capturing, selling, and transportation, buying and selling of African people.
    • Trans-Saharan trade involved some forms of slavery.
    • The transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation of millions of Africans to the Americas and various parts of the world.
    • Various factors led to the abolition of the slave trade and the eventual end of the slave trade.

    Legitimate Trade

    • Legitimate trade emerged after the abolition of the slave trade.
    • It was a new economic relationship between Europeans and Africans based on commerce.
    • Palm oil and kola nut were significant commodities in legitimate trade.
    • British influence and policies developed around trade.

    Colonization of Nigerian Territories by the British

    • The British, along with other Europeans, engaged in trade and exploration in Nigeria.
    • The British utilized methods, such as direct rule, indirect rule and military conquests, to colonize Nigerian territories.
    • The British established territories and administration which led to the eventual British colonization.

    Administration of Nigerian Territories by the British

    • British administration of Nigeria was characterized by indirect rule or direct rule.
    • The British established Lagos as a British colony in 1961.

    Evolution of the Nigerian State

    • Nigeria's history includes various pre-colonial empires.
    • The British conquest of Nigeria was a complex period involving wars, treaties, and company rule.
    • The Berlin Conference, the role of the Royal Niger Company, and the British system of administration shaped the evolution of Nigeria.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the trans-Saharan trade and the groups that facilitated it. This quiz covers major geographical elements, commodities traded, and the impact of the abolition of the slave trade. Dive into the historical connections between West and North Africa through trade.

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