Tragedy of the Commons and Poverty in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What does the outer ring of Doughnut Economics represent?

  • Dynamic balance of social needs
  • The proportion of people lacking access to essentials
  • Planetary boundaries that life depends on (correct)
  • Wealth creation opportunities

    • Which principle is NOT a focus of a regenerative economy?

  • Renewing and restoring natural resources
  • Working within the cycles of the living world
  • Reducing reliance on renewable energy sources (correct)
  • Taking resources from the environment sustainably

    • Which concept emphasizes the redistribution of wealth creation?

  • Ecological ceiling
  • Distributive economy (correct)
  • Regenerative economy
  • Participatory development

    • What is a key aim of Doughnut Economics?

    <p>To meet the needs of people within the planet's limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Tragedy of the Commons' describe?

    <p>Individuals exploit a shared resource for personal gain, leading to depletion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was identified as the poorest in the Philippines in 2021?

    <p>Fisherfolks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is poverty best described in a multidimensional view?

    <p>Encompassing varying levels of income and infrastructure access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes 'wicked problems'?

    <p>Resistant to resolution due to conflicting goals and changing needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Filipinos were considered poor according to the SWS Survey in 2023?

    <p>51%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation of using income alone to measure poverty?

    <p>It may overlook other essential measures of well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might attempts to solve wicked problems lead to unforeseen consequences?

    <p>They often create new issues that further complicate the situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the policy landscape regarding resource management often encounter?

    <p>Political challenges and loopholes that complicate enforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best defines Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

    <p>Market value of all final goods and services produced in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of ecosystem services?

    <p>Industrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in GDP?

    <p>Farm produce consumed by the farmer's family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Tragedy of the Commons' refer to in the context of resource management?

    <p>The inevitable depletion of a finite resource due to human greed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a limitation of GDP?

    <p>It ignores non-market transactions and informal economic activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of Ostrom's Eight Design Principles focuses on the need for inclusivity in decision-making?

    <p>Collective Choice Agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gross National Income (GNI) capture?

    <p>Total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is GNI calculated?

    <p>GNI = GDP + net factor income from abroad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can human greed towards commons be effectively countered according to the principles outlined?

    <p>By implementing Ostrom's Eight Design Principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'Provisioning' as an ecosystem service?

    <p>Material benefits such as food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does GDP per capita indicate?

    <p>GDP divided by total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If total GDP rises, which of the following must be true?

    <p>The economy is producing a larger output of goods and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects does GDP not measure?

    <p>Environmental quality and health care access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the capabilities approach emphasize when assessing individual well-being in society?

    <p>The examination of inequalities within social groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the term 'complementaries' in the context of economic behaviors?

    <p>Actions that incentivize others to take similar actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the coordination problem, what outcome results when agents cannot coordinate their choices?

    <p>A situation where agents may all end up worse off despite knowing a better option</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is significant about the Big Push Model in terms of economic development?

    <p>It highlights the importance of sustained economic growth for future development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Amartya Sen, how should development be viewed?

    <p>As a process of expanding real freedoms that people enjoy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can status quo bias lead to in economic contexts?

    <p>Resistance to necessary changes despite better alternatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of the Big Push Model?

    <p>It does not consider the impact of external economic shocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following misconceptions is associated with the capabilities approach?

    <p>It equates choice with capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tragedy of the Commons

    • A situation individuals overuse a common resource in their self-interest, ultimately depleting or damaging it.
    • Example: Overfishing, traffic congestion, deforestation.
    • An individual may question "what's the harm of taking one more for myself?", driven by infinite desires over finite resources.

    Policy

    • Effective policies are difficult to create as loopholes exist.
    • Often politically charged.
    • Aim to promote responsible resource usage by everyone.

    SDG 1: No Poverty

    • 18.1 to 19.99 million Filipinos are experiencing national poverty.
    • 5.9% or 6 out of 100 Filipinos are considered food poor (subsistence poverty).
    • Poorest Filipinos: Fisherfolk (2021), Farmers (2018 & 2015).

    Poverty Statistics

    • SWS Survey: 51% of Filipinos are considered poor in 2023, based on self-rating.
    • PSA Survey: 22% of Filipinos are considered poor in the first half of 2023, based purely on income.

    Defining Poverty

    • Non-poor Family (5 members): ₱12,030 per month.
    • Non-food poor Family (5 members): ₱8,379 per month.
    • Poverty is a multidimensional concept encompassing consumption, education, and access to basic infrastructures.

    Wicked Problems

    • Difficult to clearly define, with conflicting goals.
    • Solutions often lead to unforeseen circumstances.
    • Constantly evolving due to societal needs.
    • Lack clear solutions.

    Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

    • Measures the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period.
    • Reflects a country's economic health (expansion or contraction).
    • Includes both tangible and intangible services (haircut, education, financial advice).
    • Excludes transactions of past periods.

    Gross National Income (GNI)

    • Includes domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country.
    • Filipino OFWs are included.
    • Calculated by adding GDP and net factor income from abroad.

    GDP per Capita

    • GDP divided by the total population.

    Capabilities Approach

    • Focuses on expanding people's choices and their ability to exercise those choices.
    • Aims to enhance human life and well-being.

    Coordination Problem

    • Agents fail to coordinate their behavior, leading to a worse outcome for everyone.
    • A switch to a better outcome is difficult to achieve.
    • Complementaries can lead to coordination failure and a bad equilibrium.

    The Big Push Model

    • A concerted effort to initiate or accelerate economic development across many industries and skills.
    • Addresses coordination problems.

    Doughnut Economics

    • Aims to meet the needs of all people within Earth's ecological limits.
    • Focuses on sustainability and social justice.

    Ecosystem Services

    • Benefits people receive from ecosystems.
    • Four major categories: provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting.

    Tragedy of the Commons

    • Continuous deterioration of shared resources due to individual self-interest.
    • Challenges: Future-sight, social scope, and the bigger picture.

    Ostrom's Eight Design Principles

    • Clearly defined boundaries.
    • Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs.
    • Collective choice agreement.
    • Monitoring.
    • Graduated sanctions.
    • Conflict resolution mechanism.
    • Minimal recognition of rights.
    • Nested enterprise.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of the Tragedy of the Commons, emphasizing how self-interested behaviors can deplete shared resources. It also delves into the statistics and definitions surrounding poverty in the Philippines, reflecting on policies that aim to address these issues.

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