Tractor Operations and Safety Quiz
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What is the primary use of an orchard tractor?

  • General industrial operations
  • Operation under trees (correct)
  • Heavy hauling
  • Excavating
  • The industrial tractor is only used for light work and not for heavy hauling.

    False

    What should be checked for tightness and dirt on a tractor?

    Battery terminals

    The clutch should be checked within _____ cm.

    <p>4-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of a tractor with their functions:

    <p>Canopy = Protection from weather Steering Wheel = Control direction ROPS = Rollover protection Head Light = Illuminate work area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the pre-start safety check?

    <p>Measuring air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to check the oil level properly?

    <p>Check on level ground and wait 10 minutes after the engine stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The drawbar security is not necessary to check before operating the tractor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct number of splines for a 540 rpm stub shaft?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The powershaft should bottom out when fully extended.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism locks the powershaft onto the stub shaft?

    <p>Spring loaded lock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is used to provide rotational power from the tractor to implements.

    <p>PTO shaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tractor terminologies with their definitions:

    <p>Drawbar = Bar at the rear of a tractor to which implements are hitched ROPS = Structural frames to protect the operator in case of a rollover Ballast = Weight added to counterbalance a heavy load Three-point linkage = Combination of links to connect the implement to the tractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a structural frame that protects the operator?

    <p>ROPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is necessary to turn off the tractor before sliding the powershaft onto the stubshaft.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a tractor?

    <p>To deliver high tractive effort for agricultural tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a ballast in agricultural machinery?

    <p>To counterbalance a heavy load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compact tractor is primarily used for heavy agricultural tasks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tractor transmits power to all wheels?

    <p>Four-wheel drive tractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tractor that consists mainly of two heavy-duty endless link devices for traction is known as a _____ tractor.

    <p>tract-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of tractors?

    <p>Providing transportation for passengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of tractors with their descriptions:

    <p>Compact Tractor = Less than 20 hp, used for landscaping Farm Tractor = No less than 20 brake horsepower, used for massive tasks Tract-type Tractor = Designed for heavy-duty operations All Purpose Tractor = Handles planting and inter-tillage activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two-wheel drive tractors have power transmitted to the front wheels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What task is a farm tractor primarily used for?

    <p>Massive agricultural tasks such as plowing and planting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Front-end Loader (FEL)?

    <p>To lift materials such as rocks and dirt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A synchronized transmission allows for the shifting of gears without any clashing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hitch is commonly used for large, heavy implements?

    <p>Drawbar hitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ transmits engine power to the wheel axle and to the PTO shaft.

    <p>power transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following power types with their equations:

    <p>Drawbar power = 0.75 to 0.81 * net engine power Power take off power = 0.87 to 0.90 * net engine power Axle power = 0.85 to 0.89 * transmission power Transmission power = 0.96 to 0.98 * net engine power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hitch type is typically used for rotary tillers?

    <p>Direct connected type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydraulic systems in tractors only provide linear power.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one method by which tractors deliver power.

    <p>Pulled or towed implements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a clutch in a tractor?

    <p>To connect and disconnect the engine from the power train</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The differential allows both driving wheels to operate at the same speed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the coefficient of traction based on ground conditions?

    <p>32-75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary tillage operations such as plowing and harrowing demand the highest _____ requirements.

    <p>draft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following PTO shaft speeds with their respective spline shaft diameter and number of splines:

    <p>540 rpm = 35 mm, 6 splines 1000 rpm = 45 mm, 20 splines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect the drawbar pull of a tractor?

    <p>Wheel slip and engine power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavier tractors generally have smaller capacity compared to lighter tractors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gear reduction mechanism transmits power from the differential to the wheels of a tractor?

    <p>Final Drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit draft for heavy clay soil?

    <p>10-11 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unit draft of sandy loam, moist soil is higher than that of sandy soil.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps for initial estimation of tractor size?

    <p>Determine unit draft, calculate draft offered by implement, calculate horsepower requirement, estimate tractor size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The specific resistance offered by a chisel plow is __________ lb/ft.

    <p>200-800</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tillage implement offers a specific resistance of 5-10 PTOhp/ft?

    <p>Rotary tiller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A shallow row crop cultivator has a specific resistance of 40-80 lb/ft.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific resistance is offered by an anhydrous ammonia applicator?

    <p>420 lb/knife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following machines with their specific resistance:

    <p>Chisel plow = 200-800 lb/ft Rotary hoe = 30-100 lb/ft Corn planter = 80-120 lb/row Subsoiler = 70-160 lb/in depth/bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Agricultural Tractor

    • Agricultural tractors are self-propelled, wheeled vehicles with two axles.
    • They are designed to carry, pull, or propel agricultural implements and machines.
    • They deliver high tractive effort (torque) at slow speeds.
    • They are versatile mobile power sources for various agricultural tasks.
    • Tractors can perform both stationary and mobile jobs.
    • They pull or tow implements via drive wheels or drawbar hitch, or PTO drive.

    Definition of Tractor

    • A self-propelled, wheeled vehicle with two axles, designed to carry, pull, or propel agricultural implements and machines.
    • A specialized engineering vehicle for delivering high tractive effort for agricultural tasks at low speeds, including hauling trailers and machinery.
    • A versatile and mobile power source for diverse agricultural operations.

    Functions of Tractors

    • Pulling implements behind the tractor
    • Pushing implements in front of the tractor
    • Operating implements mounted on the tractor
    • Power transmission via PTO drive
    • Hydraulic power for raising/lowering/controlling attachments
    • Belt power for driving implements
    • Power transmission through a flexible shaft

    Tractor Classification

    • Two-Wheel Drive: Power transmitted only to the rear wheels. Front wheels are pushed along.
    • Four-Wheel Drive: Power transmitted to all four wheels for better traction.

    Types of Steering

    • Front-Wheel Steering: Common automotive-style steering for row crops, field work, and road travel.
    • Coordinated Steering: Electronic coordination between front and rear wheels for sharp turns and maneuverability.
    • Crab Steering: Counteracts drift on side hills, optimizing implement overlap and control. Provides maximum traction on uneven ground (especially for four-wheel tractors).
    • Rear-Wheel Steering: Allows for greater maneuverability around yards and buildings, plus fine-tuning of implement hookups.

    Description of Agricultural Tractors

    • Compact Tractor: Four-wheel tractor with less than 20 horsepower, primarily for landscaping and smaller gardening tasks, capable of plowing 1 hectare in 11-14 hours.
    • Farm Tractor: Four-wheel tractor with 20 or more horsepower, suitable for large-scale agricultural operations such as plowing, harrowing, seeding, planting, etc.

    Special Type Tractors

    • Tract-Type Tractor: Heavy-duty, endless track-type tractors used for heavy-duty operations like earthmoving and industrial jobs demanding high power.
    • All-Purpose/Row Crop Tractor: Designed for field and belt jobs, including planting and inter-tillage.

    Orchard Tractor

    • Small and medium-sized tractor, optimized for operation in orchard settings with minimal projecting parts and protection features, such as fenders.

    Industrial Tractor

    • Various sizes designed for heavy industrial work such as heavy hauling, hoisting, excavating, or power-loading.

    Basic Parts of a Four-Wheel Tractor

    • Canopy
    • Roll-over protection system (ROPS)
    • Signal lights
    • Driver's seat
    • Rear wheel
    • Implement
    • Steering wheel
    • Hood
    • Headlight
    • Ballast
    • Front wheel

    Other Tractor Parts

    • Muffler
    • Engine
    • Driver's seat
    • Foot throttle
    • Rear wheel
    • Front wheel
    • Ballast
    • Hood
    • PTO shaft
    • Three-point hitch system
    • Signal light indicators
    • Stoplight indicators
    • Roll-on protection

    Tractor Controls

    • Light switch
    • Horn switch
    • Hand throttle
    • Steering wheel
    • Brake pedals
    • Foot throttle
    • Key switch
    • Turn signal/hazard switch
    • Clutch pedal
    • Forward/reverse lever
    • Handbrake lever

    Instrument Panel

    • Air restriction sensor
    • Hour meter
    • Engine oil pressure indicator
    • Coolant temperature gauge
    • Turn signal direction indicators
    • Tachometer
    • High-beam indicator
    • Fuel gauge
    • Battery charge indicator

    Pre-Start Safety Check

    • Check (and maintain) tires, brake lights, oil, water levels, and battery terminals.
    • Check for loose parts or damage to the tractor's equipment.
    • Inspect linkages, drawbar, and oil/fuel/water leaks.
    • Check the implement.
    • Test the clutch.
    • Inspect cooling systems.

    Cooling System

    • Inspect radiator, coolant tank, cooling fins, fans and ducts.

    Battery

    • Check and maintain battery terminals for cleanliness and tightness

    Air cleaner

    • Regularly clean (dry or oil-bath type).

    Drawbar and three-point linkage

    • Check for security issues.
    • Inspect tires for cracks, tears, and uneven wear or embedded objects.

    Tractor Safety

    • PTO Shield: Keep clothing or other items from becoming entangled in the PTO shaft.
    • ROPS (Roll-Over Protection Structure): Protects the operator during overturns. The seatbelt is an important component.
    • Clutch Safety: Prevents engaging the starter until the clutch is fully depressed. Make sure all levers are in neutral for safety.
    • Implement Position: Keep implements as low as possible to prevent rollovers or accidents. Utilize ballast/counterweights for stability.

    Tractor Attachment/Removal

    • Drawbar and Implementing: Adjust drawbar and implement, position tractor for alignment Ensure engine is off and in parking brake position. Place draw bar pin through the holes and secure it.
    • PTO Shaft: Make sure the parking brake is on, disengage the PTO drive, put tractor in neutral/park, attach implement, connect the cross joint and powershaft.

    Power Transmission

    • Transmission components transfer engine power to wheels and the PTO shaft. Speed and torque are adjusted by these components, to meet the needs of the implement.

    PTO Shaft Standards

    • Speeds (RPM): 540 and 1000 rpm specifications are common, with differing spline shaft diameters matching.

    Check the Coupling

    • Carefully verify the number of spline on the shafts (6 or 21) to ensure compatibility.

    Check the Powershaft and Spring-Loaded Lock

    • Fully extend the powershaft.
    • Check the shaft for proper compression.
    • Align the two powershaft halves.

    Three-Point Linkage

    • Use the provided images & captions to learn how to attach and detach the implement components.

    Additional Readings

    • PAES 104 (Type, Location, and Operation of Controls for Agricultural Tractors)
    • PAES 118 (Specification of four-wheel tractors)
    • PAES 119 (Method of test of four-wheel tractors)

    Tractor Brand and Make

    • Provides a list of various tractor brands and makes.

    Tractor Terminologies

    • Detailed definitions of various tractor features and components.
    • Definitions for Drawbar, Drawbar Power, PTO shaft, PTO output power, Roll-over Protective Structure (ROPS), and Three-Point Linkage.

    Tractor Size Determination

    • Tractor size is determined based on its weight, horsepower, and implement capacity.
    • Method for calculating the needed size is included (using unit draft). Values of unit draft for different soils are in an included table.

    Specific Implement Resistance

    • This table and descriptions help to determine the required horse-power.

    Tractor Power

    • Power is delivered via traction of drive wheels and drawbar.
    • Rotary power is supplied via a PTO shaft or pulley.
    • Implements may require hydraulic, electric, or other power sources.

    Power Performance

    • Technical details concerning drawbar, PTO, and axle power. Values are in given ranges related to engine power, transmission power, etc.

    Power Train of a Wheel-Drive Tractor

    • Diagram that depicts the power transmission pathway within a wheel drive tractor.

    Tractor Controls of Four-Wheel Tractor

    • Illustration and description of several tractor controls.

    Tractor Control

    • A schematic diagram of the controls and functions for the tractor.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the essential operations, parts, and safety checks related to tractor use. This quiz covers everything from the primary functions of an orchard tractor to pre-start safety checks and equipment terminology. Perfect for students and operators looking to enhance their understanding of tractors.

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