Tractor Operations and Safety Quiz
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What is the primary use of an orchard tractor?

  • General industrial operations
  • Operation under trees (correct)
  • Heavy hauling
  • Excavating

    • The industrial tractor is only used for light work and not for heavy hauling.

    False (B)

    What should be checked for tightness and dirt on a tractor?

    Battery terminals

    The clutch should be checked within _____ cm.

    <p>4-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of a tractor with their functions:

    <p>Canopy = Protection from weather Steering Wheel = Control direction ROPS = Rollover protection Head Light = Illuminate work area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the pre-start safety check?

    <p>Measuring air pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to check the oil level properly?

    <p>Check on level ground and wait 10 minutes after the engine stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The drawbar security is not necessary to check before operating the tractor.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct number of splines for a 540 rpm stub shaft?

    <p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The powershaft should bottom out when fully extended.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism locks the powershaft onto the stub shaft?

    <p>Spring loaded lock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is used to provide rotational power from the tractor to implements.

    <p>PTO shaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tractor terminologies with their definitions:

    <p>Drawbar = Bar at the rear of a tractor to which implements are hitched ROPS = Structural frames to protect the operator in case of a rollover Ballast = Weight added to counterbalance a heavy load Three-point linkage = Combination of links to connect the implement to the tractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a structural frame that protects the operator?

    <p>ROPS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is necessary to turn off the tractor before sliding the powershaft onto the stubshaft.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a tractor?

    <p>To deliver high tractive effort for agricultural tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a ballast in agricultural machinery?

    <p>To counterbalance a heavy load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compact tractor is primarily used for heavy agricultural tasks.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tractor transmits power to all wheels?

    <p>Four-wheel drive tractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tractor that consists mainly of two heavy-duty endless link devices for traction is known as a _____ tractor.

    <p>tract-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of tractors?

    <p>Providing transportation for passengers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of tractors with their descriptions:

    <p>Compact Tractor = Less than 20 hp, used for landscaping Farm Tractor = No less than 20 brake horsepower, used for massive tasks Tract-type Tractor = Designed for heavy-duty operations All Purpose Tractor = Handles planting and inter-tillage activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two-wheel drive tractors have power transmitted to the front wheels.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What task is a farm tractor primarily used for?

    <p>Massive agricultural tasks such as plowing and planting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Front-end Loader (FEL)?

    <p>To lift materials such as rocks and dirt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A synchronized transmission allows for the shifting of gears without any clashing.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hitch is commonly used for large, heavy implements?

    <p>Drawbar hitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ transmits engine power to the wheel axle and to the PTO shaft.

    <p>power transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following power types with their equations:

    <p>Drawbar power = 0.75 to 0.81 * net engine power Power take off power = 0.87 to 0.90 * net engine power Axle power = 0.85 to 0.89 * transmission power Transmission power = 0.96 to 0.98 * net engine power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hitch type is typically used for rotary tillers?

    <p>Direct connected type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydraulic systems in tractors only provide linear power.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one method by which tractors deliver power.

    <p>Pulled or towed implements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a clutch in a tractor?

    <p>To connect and disconnect the engine from the power train (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The differential allows both driving wheels to operate at the same speed.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the coefficient of traction based on ground conditions?

    <p>32-75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary tillage operations such as plowing and harrowing demand the highest _____ requirements.

    <p>draft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following PTO shaft speeds with their respective spline shaft diameter and number of splines:

    <p>540 rpm = 35 mm, 6 splines 1000 rpm = 45 mm, 20 splines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect the drawbar pull of a tractor?

    <p>Wheel slip and engine power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavier tractors generally have smaller capacity compared to lighter tractors.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gear reduction mechanism transmits power from the differential to the wheels of a tractor?

    <p>Final Drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit draft for heavy clay soil?

    <p>10-11 psi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unit draft of sandy loam, moist soil is higher than that of sandy soil.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps for initial estimation of tractor size?

    <p>Determine unit draft, calculate draft offered by implement, calculate horsepower requirement, estimate tractor size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The specific resistance offered by a chisel plow is __________ lb/ft.

    <p>200-800</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tillage implement offers a specific resistance of 5-10 PTOhp/ft?

    <p>Rotary tiller (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A shallow row crop cultivator has a specific resistance of 40-80 lb/ft.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific resistance is offered by an anhydrous ammonia applicator?

    <p>420 lb/knife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following machines with their specific resistance:

    <p>Chisel plow = 200-800 lb/ft Rotary hoe = 30-100 lb/ft Corn planter = 80-120 lb/row Subsoiler = 70-160 lb/in depth/bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Agricultural Tractor

    • Agricultural tractors are self-propelled, wheeled vehicles with two axles.
    • They are designed to carry, pull, or propel agricultural implements and machines.
    • They deliver high tractive effort (torque) at slow speeds.
    • They are versatile mobile power sources for various agricultural tasks.
    • Tractors can perform both stationary and mobile jobs.
    • They pull or tow implements via drive wheels or drawbar hitch, or PTO drive.

    Definition of Tractor

    • A self-propelled, wheeled vehicle with two axles, designed to carry, pull, or propel agricultural implements and machines.
    • A specialized engineering vehicle for delivering high tractive effort for agricultural tasks at low speeds, including hauling trailers and machinery.
    • A versatile and mobile power source for diverse agricultural operations.

    Functions of Tractors

    • Pulling implements behind the tractor
    • Pushing implements in front of the tractor
    • Operating implements mounted on the tractor
    • Power transmission via PTO drive
    • Hydraulic power for raising/lowering/controlling attachments
    • Belt power for driving implements
    • Power transmission through a flexible shaft

    Tractor Classification

    • Two-Wheel Drive: Power transmitted only to the rear wheels. Front wheels are pushed along.
    • Four-Wheel Drive: Power transmitted to all four wheels for better traction.

    Types of Steering

    • Front-Wheel Steering: Common automotive-style steering for row crops, field work, and road travel.
    • Coordinated Steering: Electronic coordination between front and rear wheels for sharp turns and maneuverability.
    • Crab Steering: Counteracts drift on side hills, optimizing implement overlap and control. Provides maximum traction on uneven ground (especially for four-wheel tractors).
    • Rear-Wheel Steering: Allows for greater maneuverability around yards and buildings, plus fine-tuning of implement hookups.

    Description of Agricultural Tractors

    • Compact Tractor: Four-wheel tractor with less than 20 horsepower, primarily for landscaping and smaller gardening tasks, capable of plowing 1 hectare in 11-14 hours.
    • Farm Tractor: Four-wheel tractor with 20 or more horsepower, suitable for large-scale agricultural operations such as plowing, harrowing, seeding, planting, etc.

    Special Type Tractors

    • Tract-Type Tractor: Heavy-duty, endless track-type tractors used for heavy-duty operations like earthmoving and industrial jobs demanding high power.
    • All-Purpose/Row Crop Tractor: Designed for field and belt jobs, including planting and inter-tillage.

    Orchard Tractor

    • Small and medium-sized tractor, optimized for operation in orchard settings with minimal projecting parts and protection features, such as fenders.

    Industrial Tractor

    • Various sizes designed for heavy industrial work such as heavy hauling, hoisting, excavating, or power-loading.

    Basic Parts of a Four-Wheel Tractor

    • Canopy
    • Roll-over protection system (ROPS)
    • Signal lights
    • Driver's seat
    • Rear wheel
    • Implement
    • Steering wheel
    • Hood
    • Headlight
    • Ballast
    • Front wheel

    Other Tractor Parts

    • Muffler
    • Engine
    • Driver's seat
    • Foot throttle
    • Rear wheel
    • Front wheel
    • Ballast
    • Hood
    • PTO shaft
    • Three-point hitch system
    • Signal light indicators
    • Stoplight indicators
    • Roll-on protection

    Tractor Controls

    • Light switch
    • Horn switch
    • Hand throttle
    • Steering wheel
    • Brake pedals
    • Foot throttle
    • Key switch
    • Turn signal/hazard switch
    • Clutch pedal
    • Forward/reverse lever
    • Handbrake lever

    Instrument Panel

    • Air restriction sensor
    • Hour meter
    • Engine oil pressure indicator
    • Coolant temperature gauge
    • Turn signal direction indicators
    • Tachometer
    • High-beam indicator
    • Fuel gauge
    • Battery charge indicator

    Pre-Start Safety Check

    • Check (and maintain) tires, brake lights, oil, water levels, and battery terminals.
    • Check for loose parts or damage to the tractor's equipment.
    • Inspect linkages, drawbar, and oil/fuel/water leaks.
    • Check the implement.
    • Test the clutch.
    • Inspect cooling systems.

    Cooling System

    • Inspect radiator, coolant tank, cooling fins, fans and ducts.

    Battery

    • Check and maintain battery terminals for cleanliness and tightness

    Air cleaner

    • Regularly clean (dry or oil-bath type).

    Drawbar and three-point linkage

    • Check for security issues.
    • Inspect tires for cracks, tears, and uneven wear or embedded objects.

    Tractor Safety

    • PTO Shield: Keep clothing or other items from becoming entangled in the PTO shaft.
    • ROPS (Roll-Over Protection Structure): Protects the operator during overturns. The seatbelt is an important component.
    • Clutch Safety: Prevents engaging the starter until the clutch is fully depressed. Make sure all levers are in neutral for safety.
    • Implement Position: Keep implements as low as possible to prevent rollovers or accidents. Utilize ballast/counterweights for stability.

    Tractor Attachment/Removal

    • Drawbar and Implementing: Adjust drawbar and implement, position tractor for alignment Ensure engine is off and in parking brake position. Place draw bar pin through the holes and secure it.
    • PTO Shaft: Make sure the parking brake is on, disengage the PTO drive, put tractor in neutral/park, attach implement, connect the cross joint and powershaft.

    Power Transmission

    • Transmission components transfer engine power to wheels and the PTO shaft. Speed and torque are adjusted by these components, to meet the needs of the implement.

    PTO Shaft Standards

    • Speeds (RPM): 540 and 1000 rpm specifications are common, with differing spline shaft diameters matching.

    Check the Coupling

    • Carefully verify the number of spline on the shafts (6 or 21) to ensure compatibility.

    Check the Powershaft and Spring-Loaded Lock

    • Fully extend the powershaft.
    • Check the shaft for proper compression.
    • Align the two powershaft halves.

    Three-Point Linkage

    • Use the provided images & captions to learn how to attach and detach the implement components.

    Additional Readings

    • PAES 104 (Type, Location, and Operation of Controls for Agricultural Tractors)
    • PAES 118 (Specification of four-wheel tractors)
    • PAES 119 (Method of test of four-wheel tractors)

    Tractor Brand and Make

    • Provides a list of various tractor brands and makes.

    Tractor Terminologies

    • Detailed definitions of various tractor features and components.
    • Definitions for Drawbar, Drawbar Power, PTO shaft, PTO output power, Roll-over Protective Structure (ROPS), and Three-Point Linkage.

    Tractor Size Determination

    • Tractor size is determined based on its weight, horsepower, and implement capacity.
    • Method for calculating the needed size is included (using unit draft). Values of unit draft for different soils are in an included table.

    Specific Implement Resistance

    • This table and descriptions help to determine the required horse-power.

    Tractor Power

    • Power is delivered via traction of drive wheels and drawbar.
    • Rotary power is supplied via a PTO shaft or pulley.
    • Implements may require hydraulic, electric, or other power sources.

    Power Performance

    • Technical details concerning drawbar, PTO, and axle power. Values are in given ranges related to engine power, transmission power, etc.

    Power Train of a Wheel-Drive Tractor

    • Diagram that depicts the power transmission pathway within a wheel drive tractor.

    Tractor Controls of Four-Wheel Tractor

    • Illustration and description of several tractor controls.

    Tractor Control

    • A schematic diagram of the controls and functions for the tractor.

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    Related Documents

    Agricultural Tractor Lesson 3 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the essential operations, parts, and safety checks related to tractor use. This quiz covers everything from the primary functions of an orchard tractor to pre-start safety checks and equipment terminology. Perfect for students and operators looking to enhance their understanding of tractors.

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