Tractor Classification and Components

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Questions and Answers

Which type of tractor is characterized by having wheels and is most commonly used?

Crawler tractor

Walking tractor

Wheel tractor (correct)

Electric tractor

What is the purpose of a power take-off (PTO) shaft in a tractor?

To steer the tractor

To power agricultural implements (correct)

To drive the wheels

To increase engine efficiency

Which component is NOT a primary part of a tractor?

Hydraulic control system

Transmission gears

Power take-off unit

Air conditioning system (correct)

What distinguishes a row crop tractor from other types?

It is fitted with replaceable wheels of adjustable widths. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a group classification of wheeled tractors?

High-speed tractor Signup and view all the answers

What type of tractor is primarily designed for use in specific environments like marshy land or hillsides?

Special purpose tractor Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the types of engines used in tractors?

All tractors are now predominantly diesel engines. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a crawler tractor?

Better traction on slippery or uneven surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended horsepower for a tractor to cultivate approximately 20 hectares of land?

20-25 hp Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should be considered for selecting a tractor in lighter soils?

Less wheel base Signup and view all the answers

In which conditions are air-cooled engines preferred over water-cooled engines?

In very hot zones or desert areas Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration regarding the repair of a purchased tractor?

A nearby dealer with technical skills for maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Why should tractors with less specific fuel consumption be preferred?

They help to reduce running costs Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered regarding the initial cost of a tractor?

Resale value should be balanced with initial cost Signup and view all the answers

How does soil condition influence tractor selection?

Tractors designed for lighter soils may fail in heavy soils Signup and view all the answers

What role do test reports play in the tractor selection process?

They provide guidance for tractor performance evaluation Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of a good lubricant?

It should remain stable under changing temperatures. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common lubrication system used in engines?

Vacuum system Signup and view all the answers

What type of lubricants are derived from crude petroleum?

Mineral lubricants Signup and view all the answers

In a splash lubrication system, what role does the dipper play?

It dips into the oil trough and splashes oil out of the pan. Signup and view all the answers

Which engine parts do NOT typically require lubrication?

Fuel injector Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using diluted oil in a splash lubrication system?

It can disrupt effective engine operation. Signup and view all the answers

Which vegetable oil is commonly used as a lubricant for small machines?

Linseed oil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an engine's lubricating system?

To maintain the supply of lubricating oil at correct pressure and temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of lubrication in engines?

Lubrication is not uniform. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the rings are worn in an engine?

Carbon buildup occurs from oil entering the combustion chamber. Signup and view all the answers

In a forced feed lubrication system, where does the oil first enter?

The main gallery Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pump is typically used in a forced feed lubrication system?

Positive displacement pump, usually gear or vane type Signup and view all the answers

In a combination of splash and forced feed lubrication system, which parts are subjected to forced pressure?

Main bearing and connecting rod bearing Signup and view all the answers

What role does the oil pressure gauge serve in an engine's lubrication system?

It indicates the oil pressure in the system. Signup and view all the answers

What might be indicated if an oil pressure gauge shows no pressure in the line?

There is a defect in the lubrication system. Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of crankcase dilution in an engine?

Increased wear and tear on engine components. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in ensuring the lubrication system has long and trouble-free service?

Choosing the correct grade of lubricant Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before adding new oil to the lubrication system?

Flushing the crankcase with a flushing oil Signup and view all the answers

Which component in a hydraulic system is responsible for raising and lowering equipment?

Hydraulic cylinder and piston Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pump is most commonly used in tractors for hydraulic systems?

Gear pump Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control valve in a hydraulic system?

To manage oil flow to the hydraulic cylinder Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is important for maintenance of the lubrication system?

Regularly checking oil levels and cleanliness Signup and view all the answers

In tractors with a hydraulic system, how is the hydraulic pump typically powered?

By gears connected to the engine Signup and view all the answers

What should precautions include for maintaining oil in the lubrication system?

Maintaining oil free from dust and water Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tractor Classification and Types

Tractors are self-propelled power units with wheels or tracks, operating agricultural implements and machines.
They are classified into wheel tractors (three or four pneumatic wheels), crawler tractors (endless chains instead of wheels), and walking tractors (two wheels, operator walks behind).
Wheeled tractors are further categorized into general-purpose (major farm operations), row crop (crop cultivation, adjustable wheel tracks), and special-purpose (specific tasks and terrains).

Tractor Components

Key components include the internal combustion (IC) engine (mostly diesel), clutch, transmission gears, differential unit, final drive, wheels (front and rear), steering mechanism, hydraulic control and hitch system, brakes, power take-off (PTO) unit, tractor pulley, and control panel.

Tractor Selection Factors

Land holding (1 hp per hectare generally recommended, adjust for cropping pattern)
Cropping pattern (less than 1 hectare/hp with irrigation and multiple crops)
Soil condition (lighter soil needs less wheelbase, higher ground clearance, low weight)
Climatic condition (air-cooled engines for hot or high-altitude areas)
Repairing facilities (nearby dealer with technical expertise)
Running cost (consider fuel efficiency)
Initial cost and resale value (balance cost and future value)
Test report (consult farm machinery testing station reports)

Tractor Controls and Indicators (Examples)

Front wheel, fuel tank cap, accelerator pedal, brake pedal, steering wheel, hydraulic control lever, turn signal lamp, lift arm, rear tire, and instrument panel.

Lubricants and Lubrication Systems

Vegetable lubricants (cottonseed, olive, linseed, castor oils) are used in simple machines.
Mineral lubricants (from petroleum) are common for engines and machines, offering cost-effectiveness.
A good lubricant should have sufficient viscosity, temperature stability, keep parts clean, and prevent corrosion.

Engine Lubrication Systems

Splash system: Oil trough below connecting rods, dipper splashes oil, simple but less uniform lubrication.
Forced feed system: Oil pump directly lubricates crankshaft, connecting rod, piston pin, timing gears, and camshaft; used in high-speed engines.
Combination system: Forced feed for high-load components, splash for others; combines benefits of both systems.

Oil Pump and Pressure

Oil pump (usually gear type) forces oil through pipes and galleries.
Oil filter removes contaminants.
Oil pressure gauge indicates system pressure (around 3 kg/sq cm or 45 psi for tractor engines).

Lubrication System Care and Maintenance

Proper oil circulation design.
Correct lubricant grade.
Maintain oil level.
Regular oil cleaning and filter replacement.
Regular checks of connections, pipes, valves, and pressure gauge.
Regular oil changes with crankcase cleaning and flushing.
Keep oil free from dust and water.

Tractor Hydraulic System

Lifts, holds, and lowers mounted or semi-mounted equipment hydraulically.
All tractors have a hydraulic system for three-point hitches.

Hydraulic System Components

Hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder and piston, hydraulic tank, control valve, safety valve, hose pipes and fittings, and lifting arms.

Hydraulic System Operation

Pump draws oil from the reservoir and sends it to the control valve under pressure.
Oil flows to the hydraulic cylinder, moving the piston and lifting arms to operate implements.
Hydraulic oil reservoir can be common with transmission or separate.
Various pump types (gear, plunger, vane, screw) exist, with gear pumps being common in tractors.
High oil pressure (150-200 kg/cm²) is common.

Hydraulic Cylinder

Large cylinder with piston and connecting rod, also called a ram cylinder.
Piston movement transmits power to lifting arms.

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Description

This quiz explores the different classifications of tractors, including wheeled, crawler, and walking types. Additionally, it covers the key components of tractors and factors influencing their selection for agricultural use. Test your knowledge on this essential farming equipment!