Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of tractor is characterized by having wheels and is most commonly used?
Which type of tractor is characterized by having wheels and is most commonly used?
- Crawler tractor
- Walking tractor
- Wheel tractor (correct)
- Electric tractor
What is the purpose of a power take-off (PTO) shaft in a tractor?
What is the purpose of a power take-off (PTO) shaft in a tractor?
- To steer the tractor
- To power agricultural implements (correct)
- To drive the wheels
- To increase engine efficiency
Which component is NOT a primary part of a tractor?
Which component is NOT a primary part of a tractor?
- Hydraulic control system
- Transmission gears
- Power take-off unit
- Air conditioning system (correct)
What distinguishes a row crop tractor from other types?
What distinguishes a row crop tractor from other types?
Which of the following is NOT a group classification of wheeled tractors?
Which of the following is NOT a group classification of wheeled tractors?
What type of tractor is primarily designed for use in specific environments like marshy land or hillsides?
What type of tractor is primarily designed for use in specific environments like marshy land or hillsides?
Which statement is true regarding the types of engines used in tractors?
Which statement is true regarding the types of engines used in tractors?
What is the main advantage of using a crawler tractor?
What is the main advantage of using a crawler tractor?
What is the recommended horsepower for a tractor to cultivate approximately 20 hectares of land?
What is the recommended horsepower for a tractor to cultivate approximately 20 hectares of land?
Which factor should be considered for selecting a tractor in lighter soils?
Which factor should be considered for selecting a tractor in lighter soils?
In which conditions are air-cooled engines preferred over water-cooled engines?
In which conditions are air-cooled engines preferred over water-cooled engines?
What is an important consideration regarding the repair of a purchased tractor?
What is an important consideration regarding the repair of a purchased tractor?
Why should tractors with less specific fuel consumption be preferred?
Why should tractors with less specific fuel consumption be preferred?
What should be considered regarding the initial cost of a tractor?
What should be considered regarding the initial cost of a tractor?
How does soil condition influence tractor selection?
How does soil condition influence tractor selection?
What role do test reports play in the tractor selection process?
What role do test reports play in the tractor selection process?
What is one characteristic of a good lubricant?
What is one characteristic of a good lubricant?
Which of the following is NOT a common lubrication system used in engines?
Which of the following is NOT a common lubrication system used in engines?
What type of lubricants are derived from crude petroleum?
What type of lubricants are derived from crude petroleum?
In a splash lubrication system, what role does the dipper play?
In a splash lubrication system, what role does the dipper play?
Which engine parts do NOT typically require lubrication?
Which engine parts do NOT typically require lubrication?
What is the effect of using diluted oil in a splash lubrication system?
What is the effect of using diluted oil in a splash lubrication system?
Which vegetable oil is commonly used as a lubricant for small machines?
Which vegetable oil is commonly used as a lubricant for small machines?
What is the primary function of an engine's lubricating system?
What is the primary function of an engine's lubricating system?
What is a primary disadvantage of lubrication in engines?
What is a primary disadvantage of lubrication in engines?
What happens when the rings are worn in an engine?
What happens when the rings are worn in an engine?
In a forced feed lubrication system, where does the oil first enter?
In a forced feed lubrication system, where does the oil first enter?
Which type of pump is typically used in a forced feed lubrication system?
Which type of pump is typically used in a forced feed lubrication system?
In a combination of splash and forced feed lubrication system, which parts are subjected to forced pressure?
In a combination of splash and forced feed lubrication system, which parts are subjected to forced pressure?
What role does the oil pressure gauge serve in an engine's lubrication system?
What role does the oil pressure gauge serve in an engine's lubrication system?
What might be indicated if an oil pressure gauge shows no pressure in the line?
What might be indicated if an oil pressure gauge shows no pressure in the line?
What is one potential consequence of crankcase dilution in an engine?
What is one potential consequence of crankcase dilution in an engine?
What is a key factor in ensuring the lubrication system has long and trouble-free service?
What is a key factor in ensuring the lubrication system has long and trouble-free service?
What should be done before adding new oil to the lubrication system?
What should be done before adding new oil to the lubrication system?
Which component in a hydraulic system is responsible for raising and lowering equipment?
Which component in a hydraulic system is responsible for raising and lowering equipment?
Which type of pump is most commonly used in tractors for hydraulic systems?
Which type of pump is most commonly used in tractors for hydraulic systems?
What is the purpose of the control valve in a hydraulic system?
What is the purpose of the control valve in a hydraulic system?
What aspect is important for maintenance of the lubrication system?
What aspect is important for maintenance of the lubrication system?
In tractors with a hydraulic system, how is the hydraulic pump typically powered?
In tractors with a hydraulic system, how is the hydraulic pump typically powered?
What should precautions include for maintaining oil in the lubrication system?
What should precautions include for maintaining oil in the lubrication system?
Study Notes
Tractor Classification and Types
- Tractors are self-propelled power units with wheels or tracks, operating agricultural implements and machines.
- They are classified into wheel tractors (three or four pneumatic wheels), crawler tractors (endless chains instead of wheels), and walking tractors (two wheels, operator walks behind).
- Wheeled tractors are further categorized into general-purpose (major farm operations), row crop (crop cultivation, adjustable wheel tracks), and special-purpose (specific tasks and terrains).
Tractor Components
- Key components include the internal combustion (IC) engine (mostly diesel), clutch, transmission gears, differential unit, final drive, wheels (front and rear), steering mechanism, hydraulic control and hitch system, brakes, power take-off (PTO) unit, tractor pulley, and control panel.
Tractor Selection Factors
- Land holding (1 hp per hectare generally recommended, adjust for cropping pattern)
- Cropping pattern (less than 1 hectare/hp with irrigation and multiple crops)
- Soil condition (lighter soil needs less wheelbase, higher ground clearance, low weight)
- Climatic condition (air-cooled engines for hot or high-altitude areas)
- Repairing facilities (nearby dealer with technical expertise)
- Running cost (consider fuel efficiency)
- Initial cost and resale value (balance cost and future value)
- Test report (consult farm machinery testing station reports)
Tractor Controls and Indicators (Examples)
- Front wheel, fuel tank cap, accelerator pedal, brake pedal, steering wheel, hydraulic control lever, turn signal lamp, lift arm, rear tire, and instrument panel.
Lubricants and Lubrication Systems
- Vegetable lubricants (cottonseed, olive, linseed, castor oils) are used in simple machines.
- Mineral lubricants (from petroleum) are common for engines and machines, offering cost-effectiveness.
- A good lubricant should have sufficient viscosity, temperature stability, keep parts clean, and prevent corrosion.
Engine Lubrication Systems
- Splash system: Oil trough below connecting rods, dipper splashes oil, simple but less uniform lubrication.
- Forced feed system: Oil pump directly lubricates crankshaft, connecting rod, piston pin, timing gears, and camshaft; used in high-speed engines.
- Combination system: Forced feed for high-load components, splash for others; combines benefits of both systems.
Oil Pump and Pressure
- Oil pump (usually gear type) forces oil through pipes and galleries.
- Oil filter removes contaminants.
- Oil pressure gauge indicates system pressure (around 3 kg/sq cm or 45 psi for tractor engines).
Lubrication System Care and Maintenance
- Proper oil circulation design.
- Correct lubricant grade.
- Maintain oil level.
- Regular oil cleaning and filter replacement.
- Regular checks of connections, pipes, valves, and pressure gauge.
- Regular oil changes with crankcase cleaning and flushing.
- Keep oil free from dust and water.
Tractor Hydraulic System
- Lifts, holds, and lowers mounted or semi-mounted equipment hydraulically.
- All tractors have a hydraulic system for three-point hitches.
Hydraulic System Components
- Hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder and piston, hydraulic tank, control valve, safety valve, hose pipes and fittings, and lifting arms.
Hydraulic System Operation
- Pump draws oil from the reservoir and sends it to the control valve under pressure.
- Oil flows to the hydraulic cylinder, moving the piston and lifting arms to operate implements.
- Hydraulic oil reservoir can be common with transmission or separate.
- Various pump types (gear, plunger, vane, screw) exist, with gear pumps being common in tractors.
- High oil pressure (150-200 kg/cm²) is common.
Hydraulic Cylinder
- Large cylinder with piston and connecting rod, also called a ram cylinder.
- Piston movement transmits power to lifting arms.
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Description
This quiz explores the different classifications of tractors, including wheeled, crawler, and walking types. Additionally, it covers the key components of tractors and factors influencing their selection for agricultural use. Test your knowledge on this essential farming equipment!
