Traction Transformer Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the nominal rating of the traction transformer?

  • 1500 kVA
  • 500 kVA
  • 1000 kVA
  • 1250 kVA (correct)

What is the secondary voltage supplied by each secondary winding of the transformer?

  • 1000 V
  • 855 V (correct)
  • 500 V
  • 220 V

How much total oil does the transformer contain?

  • 500 litres
  • 600 litres
  • 800 litres
  • 530 litres (correct)

What is the transformation ratio of the traction transformer?

<p>26.32:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary side nominal voltage of the traction transformer?

<p>22.5 kV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cooling is employed for the transformer?

<p>Mineral oil cooled (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many secondary windings does the traction transformer have?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the stainless plates around the bellows?

<p>To protect against object projection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the thermometer sensor configured for easy maintenance?

<p>It can be replaced without removing the oil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pressure does the pressure relief valve activate?

<p>0.8 bar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the oil level indicator in the expansion tank provide?

<p>Height of the oil level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature corresponds to the minimum mark on the oil level indicator?

<p>-20°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color indicates that silicagel is completely dry when it contains cobalt?

<p>Blue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature should silicagel be heated to regenerate it?

<p>120-150°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when more than half of the silicagel turns pink or colorless?

<p>It must be changed or regenerated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the cooling system mentioned?

<p>To dissipate electrical losses from the transformer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured before connecting the HV plug?

<p>No air is included in the connection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core material of the main insulation for the HV bushing?

<p>Solid insulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the position of the locking plate on the butterfly valves?

<p>Valve position (open or closed) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component aids in field control for the HV bushing?

<p>Condenser layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is needed to operate the butterfly valve?

<p>19mm wrench (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color signals that the silicagel without cobalt is completely saturated?

<p>Colorless (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of supply drives the pump-set?

<p>3 Phase, 50 Hz, 415 V AC supply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total weight of the pump?

<p>39 Kgs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the discharge capacity of the pump in Liters per Minute?

<p>700 LPM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the two air driers in the transformer?

<p>To dry air in both the oil expansion tank and bushing box (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material are the upper and lower parts of the air drier made from?

<p>Aluminum alloy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What item does the closing system in the lower part of the air drier prevent?

<p>Contact between air and salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the class of insulation for the pump?

<p>Class H (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the suction and delivery flanges of the pump?

<p>80 x 80 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component indicates the need for replacement in the silica-gel air driers?

<p>Visual color change with a cobalt indicator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gasket is used in the ball valve described?

<p>PTFE gasket (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the cadenas used to lock the valve?

<p>6 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many screws are used to fix the ball valve to the tank?

<p>4 screws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conductor preparation risks are eliminated by the ADO terminal block?

<p>Preparation risks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the rubber dampers helps to protect the transformer from vibrations?

<p>Limit vibration transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bellow made from ductile metallic materials?

<p>To allow misalignment and thermal expansion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the IP67 connection box?

<p>To ensure electrical safety and reliability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the ABB terminal blocks contributes to their reliability?

<p>No retightening required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature does the bellow facilitate in piping systems?

<p>Misalignment correction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 1"1/4 plug in the ball valve system?

<p>To close the exit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rated current for each secondary winding of the traction transformer?

<p>731 A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum line voltage the traction transformer can handle for short durations?

<p>30 kV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cooling method is employed in the traction transformer?

<p>ODA-F Mineral Oil Cooled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the conductor material used in both windings of the transformer?

<p>Copper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the transformer oil pump?

<p>Circulate oil through the system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cooling surface area of the transformer specified in the technical data?

<p>4.37 m² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors influences the efficiency of the traction transformer?

<p>Magnetization current (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas has the highest maximum allowable limit value in ppm among the listed gases?

<p>CO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oil volume used in the cooling circuit of the transformer?

<p>20 litres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature of the oil inlet in the cooling system?

<p>85° C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas listed has the lowest maximum allowable limit value in ppm?

<p>C2H2 (Acetylene) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heat exchanger is mentioned in the cooling circuit?

<p>Aluminium Plate Exchanger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the closing system in the lower part of the air drier?

<p>To enable air passage only during thermal expansions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of air drying material is used in the silica-gel air driers?

<p>Silicon salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specification does NOT pertain to the pump?

<p>Air passage direction control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the material used for the air drier components?

<p>Aluminium alloy and stainless steel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total weight of the pump mentioned?

<p>39 Kgs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what voltage does the pump-set operate?

<p>415 V (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many air driers are equipped in the transformer?

<p>Two (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the oil level becomes too low?

<p>The oil level detector switches and transformer must be de-energized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the typical density of new oil at 20° C?

<p>0.876 kg/dm3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable total acidity for new oil?

<p>0.3 mg KOH/g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these new oil characteristics reflects the requested value for the flash point?

<p>250° C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum kinematic viscosity of new oil at 40° C?

<p>35 mm2/s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the motion of the paddle in the oil flow sensor activated?

<p>By the flow volume of oil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum water content allowed in new oil?

<p>200 mg/kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum breakdown voltage for new oil?

<p>45 kV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value indicates the maximum allowable dissipation factor at 90° C and 50 Hz for new oil?

<p>0.03 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical value for the neutralization value of new oil?

<p>&lt; 0.01 mg KOH/g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of ABB rubber dampers is aimed at reducing transmission of shock to the transformer?

<p>Vibration resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the ball valve is incorrect?

<p>It is held in place by four M6 screws. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a main advantage of the ADO terminal block?

<p>Eliminates conductor preparation risks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the material composition of the bellow mentioned in the maintenance manual?

<p>Ductile metallic materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the rubber dampers in the transformer suspension arrangement?

<p>To limit vibrations and absorb shocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT associated with the IP67 connection box?

<p>Vibration resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using the IP68 cable gland in the connection box?

<p>Water resistant sealing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'misalignment' in the context of the bellow refer to?

<p>Misalignment of pipes due to thermal changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism ensures the closed position of the ball valve's operating arm?

<p>Fixed attachment to the tank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the connection box contributes to safety and reliability?

<p>Use of ADO terminal blocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Traction Transformer

A critical component in AC-DC EMUs, the traction transformer converts high-voltage alternating current (AC) from the overhead line to lower-voltage direct current (DC) suitable for powering the train's motors.

Transformer Capacity

The traction transformer in this EMU has a capacity of 1250 kVA, meaning it can handle a maximum power of 1250 kilovolt-amperes. This power is then split equally between two secondary windings.

Voltage Transformation

The transformer converts the 22.5 kV AC voltage from the overhead line to 855 V DC for use by the motors. The primary winding receives the high voltage and the secondary windings output the lower voltage.

Secondary Winding Output

Each of the two secondary windings provides 625 kVA of power, enough to handle a current of 731 Amps at the output voltage of 855 volts.

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Cooling System

The transformer is cooled by circulating mineral oil, housed in a container with a capacity of 530 liters. This oil helps to dissipate heat generated during the conversion process.

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Transformer Location

The traction transformer is located underneath the train in a 'underslung' position, making it accessible for maintenance.

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Transformation Ratio

The transformation ratio of 26.32:1 means that the primary voltage (22.5 kV) is divided by 26.32 to produce the secondary voltage (855 volts).

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Inline Pump

A type of pump that has suction and delivery flanges connected directly to the pump body.

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Discharge

The amount of liquid a pump can move in a given time, measured in liters per minute (LPM).

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Total Head

The total height a pump can lift liquid against gravity, measured in meters or bars.

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Air Dryer

A device that removes moisture from air using a desiccant material like silica gel. It is used to dry air in transformers.

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Desiccant

A substance that absorbs moisture from the air.

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Silica Gel

A type of desiccant commonly used in air dryers. It is a chemically pure form of silicon dioxide.

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Cobalt Indicator

A transparent material that changes color when exposed to moisture, indicating the desiccant's moisture level.

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Air Sucked Into Transformer

The action of air being pulled into the transformer by the expansion and contraction of the oil mass.

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What is silica gel used for?

Silica gel is a material used to absorb air humidity. Its color changes to indicate its level of saturation.

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What color indicates dry silica gel?

When silica gel is completely dry, it is blue (with cobalt) or orange (without cobalt).

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What color indicates saturated silica gel?

When silica gel is completely saturated with moisture, it becomes pink (with cobalt) or colorless (without cobalt).

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How do you regenerate silica gel?

To regenerate silica gel, you can heat it at 120-150°C until it returns to its original color.

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When should you replace or regenerate silica gel?

Replace the silica gel when more than half of it becomes pink (with cobalt) or colorless (without cobalt), indicating high moisture saturation.

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What is the function of the heat exchanger in an AC DC EMU?

The heat exchanger in an AC DC EMU (Siemens) is a part of the cooling system that dissipates heat generated by the transformer.

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How does the heat exchanger work?

The heat exchanger uses two fans to circulate oil through the cooler, transferring heat from the transformer to the outside air.

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What is the high-voltage bushing (HT terminal)?

The high-voltage bushing (HT terminal) is a component that provides electrical insulation and connects high-voltage cables to the equipment.

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What needs to be done before connecting the high-voltage plug?

Before connecting the high-voltage plug, the cone of the bushing must be cleaned and free of any foreign debris.

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What is the butterfly valve used for?

The butterfly valve is an aluminum valve used for draining and filling fluids, featuring a locking plate to indicate its position.

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Bellows Protection

These plates are placed around the bellows, particularly on the exposed side, to shield them from potential projectiles such as stones. This helps protect the bellows from damage and ensure their proper function.

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Thermometer Sensor

The thermometer sensor is comprised of two PT100 platinum resistance thermometers, immersed in oil within the transformer. It provides a measurement of the oil temperature, crucial for monitoring the transformer's thermal state.

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Pressure Relief Valve

The pressure relief valve (or overpressure valve), located on the transformer tank, acts to limit the pressure buildup within the tank. When pressure exceeds 0.8 bar, the valve opens, releasing excess pressure. A visible and electrical signal is triggered to alert operators.

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Oil Level Indicator

This indicator, mounted on the expansion tank, displays the height of the oil level inside the transformer. It has markings for the minimum, maximum, and 30°C oil levels. The expansion tank accommodates oil volume changes due to temperature variations.

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Oil Level Detector

The oil level detector, housed in the expansion tank, uses floats to monitor the minimum oil level. This system ensures that there's always enough oil to cool and insulate the transformer.

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Ball Valve

A type of valve used in AC-DC EMUs for controlling fluid flow, made of stainless steel with a PTFE gasket. It's secured with four M10 screws and has a 1 1/4 inch plug for closing the exit. The operating arm is fixed to ensure it stays closed.

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Marshalling Box (Low Voltage Terminal)

An enclosure for electrical components in AC-DC EMUs, rated IP67 with IP68 cable glands. It houses terminal blocks for connecting electrical devices and uses ADO terminal blocks for safety and reliability.

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Transformer Suspension Arrangement

A protective arrangement that limits vibrations transmitted from the transformer to the coach body in AC-DC EMUs. Rubber dampers are attached to the transformer suspension arms, absorbing shocks and compensating for unevenness.

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Bellow (Flexible Coupling)

A flexible coupling in AC-DC EMUs, made of ductile metallic materials to allow for misalignment and thermal expansion of piping. It uses a thin-walled tube with corrugations for flexibility.

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Valve Locking Mechanism

A locking mechanism used for the valve in AC-DC EMUs. It utilizes either an M6 bolt or a 6mm diameter padlock.

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ADO Terminal Block

A specific type of terminal block used in the marshalling box of AC-DC EMUs for electrical connections. These blocks offer advantages like wire stripping elimination, vibration resistance, and corrosion resistance.

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Name Plate

A component in AC-DC EMUs that provides a visual identification of the equipment or unit. It typically includes information like the model, serial number, and voltage.

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Ball Valve Operating Arm

A feature of the ball valve in AC-DC EMUs designed to ensure the valve stays closed securely. This prevents accidental opening or leaks.

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PTFE Gasket

A material used in some AC-DC EMUs for components like the ball valve. PTFE is known for excellent sealing properties and resistance to chemicals.

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Stainless Steel

A durable metal used to construct the ball valve in AC-DC EMUs. Stainless steel is known for its resistance to corrosion and high strength.

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What does the traction transformer do?

The traction transformer converts high-voltage AC from the overhead line to lower-voltage DC for the train's motors.

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What is the transformer's capacity?

The transformer has a capacity of 1250 kVA, meaning it can handle 1250 kilovolt-amperes of power.

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What are the primary and secondary voltages of the transformer?

The primary winding receives 22.5 kV AC from the overhead line, and the two secondary windings output 855 V DC.

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How much power does each secondary winding provide?

Each secondary winding provides 625 kVA of power, enough for 731 amps at 855 volts.

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How is the traction transformer cooled?

The transformer is cooled by circulating mineral oil, housed in a container with a capacity of 530 liters.

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Where is the traction transformer located?

The traction transformer is located underneath the train, making it accessible for maintenance.

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What is the transformation ratio of the traction transformer?

The transformation ratio of 26.32:1 means the primary voltage (22.5 kV) is divided by 26.32 to produce the secondary voltage (855 volts).

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Air Dryer (Breather)

A device that removes moisture from air using a desiccant material like silica gel. It is used to dry air in transformers.

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Silica-gel Air Dries

Chemically pure silicon salts used in transparent tanks for air drying, with or without a cobalt indicator to show moisture levels.

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Regenerate Silica Gel

The process of drying the silica gel by heating it to 120-150°C, returning it to its original dry color.

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What is a ball valve?

A valve made of stainless steel with a PTFE gasket, secured with four M10 screws and featuring a 1 1/4 inch plug to close the exit. It has an operating arm fixed to ensure it remains closed.

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What is a marshalling box?

An enclosure for electrical components, rated IP67 with IP68 cable glands. It houses terminal blocks for connecting devices and uses ADO terminal blocks for safety and reliability.

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How is the transformer suspended in AC-DC EMUs?

A protective arrangement that uses rubber dampers attached to the transformer suspension arms to limit vibrations transmitted to the coach body. The dampers absorb shocks and even compensate for unevenness.

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What is a Bellow (Flexible Coupling)?

A flexible coupling made of ductile metallic materials that allows misalignment and thermal expansion of piping. It consists of a thin-walled tube with corrugations for flexibility.

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What is an ADO terminal block?

A specific type of terminal block used in the marshalling box for electrical connections. They offer advantages like eliminating wire stripping, vibration resistance, and corrosion resistance.

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What is the purpose of bellows protection plates?

They are placed around the bellows, especially on the exposed side, to protect them from potential projectiles like stones. This shields the bellows from damage and ensures their function.

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What are thermometer sensors?

Consisting of two PT100 platinum resistance thermometers immersed in oil within the transformer, they measure the oil temperature to monitor the transformer's thermal state.

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What is a pressure relief valve?

Located on the transformer tank, this valve opens when pressure exceeds 0.8 bar, releasing excess pressure. It triggers a visible and electrical signal to alert operators.

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What is an oil level indicator?

Mounted on the expansion tank, it displays the oil level inside the transformer. It has markings for minimum, maximum, and 30°C oil levels. The expansion tank accommodates oil volume changes due to temperature variations.

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What is an oil level detector?

Housed in the expansion tank, this system uses floats to monitor the minimum oil level. It ensures enough oil is present to efficiently cool and insulate the transformer.

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Oil Flow Sensor

A device that measures the amount of oil flowing through the transformer, typically using a paddle that moves based on the flow volume and actuates a microswitch.

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Minimum Oil Flow

The minimum acceptable oil flow required for proper cooling and insulation of the transformer.

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Oil Level Detector Switch

The oil level detector switches, signaling that the oil level is too low and the transformer must be de-energized immediately.

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Oil Density

A key characteristic of transformer oil, measured at 20°C, indicating the oil's density.

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Kinematic Viscosity

A measure of the oil's resistance to flow, measured at 40°C, and helps determine its ability to effectively cool the transformer.

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Flash Point

The temperature at which the oil vapors ignite, indicating its flammability and safety.

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Pour Point

The lowest temperature at which the oil remains liquid, important for cold weather performance.

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Water Content

The amount of water present in the transformer oil, which can affect insulation properties and cause corrosion.

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Neutralization Value

A measure of the acidity of the transformer oil, which indicates its potential to damage the transformer's components.

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Total Sludge

A measure of the total amount of impurities, including sludge and dissolved gases, that are present in the transformer oil.

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Study Notes

Traction Transformer

  • Rated for 1250 kVA
  • Consists of a primary winding and two secondary windings
  • Each secondary winding has 625 kVA capacity
  • Secondary side nominal current is 731 A at 855 V (secondary voltage)
  • Cooled with 530 liters of oil

Technical Data

  • Manufacturer: ABB Secheron SA
  • Type: LOT1250, Oil Immersed transformer
  • Identification No: XCH000000-AUC
  • Nominal Line Voltage: 25 kV (19 to 27.5 kV)
  • Line Voltage (min): 16.5 kV
  • Line Voltage (max): 30 kV
  • Frequency: 50 Hz (46 to 54 Hz)
  • Installation Point: Under slung
  • Dimensions (L x W x H): Approximately 2800 x 2000 x 850 mm
  • Total Weight (incl. oil): Approx. 3.3 tonnes
  • Cooling: ODAF- mineral oil cooled

Primary Side Technical Data

  • Rated Power: 1250 kVA
  • Nominal Primary Voltage: 22.5 kV
  • Rated Current Voltage: 58 A at 22.5 kV

Traction Winding Technical Data

  • Number: 2
  • Rated Power: 625 kVA
  • Secondary Voltage: 855 V
  • Standard Current per Winding: 731 A at 855 V (prim. 22.5 kV)
  • Leakage Inductance: 1.465 mH ± 10% (relative to secondary)
  • Transformation Ratio: 26.32:1
  • Resistance: ≤ 50 mΩ (relative to secondary side)
  • Magnetization Current: 0.17 A ±30% (under 22.5 kV)
  • Efficiency: 96%
  • Cooling Surface Area: 4.37 m²
  • Turns ratio: 26.294
  • Total Oil Volume (20°C): 560 dm³

Winding Details (HV and Traction)

  • HV Winding: 1
  • Traction Winding: 2
  • Conductor Material (both): Copper
  • Total X-Section (HV): 8.74 mm²
  • Rated Current (HV, at 22.5 kV): 55.55 A
  • Current Density (HV): 6.4 A/ mm²
  • Number of Layers (HV): 18
  • Winding Resistance (HV, at 85°C): 9.135 Ω
  • Number of Turns (HV): 2682
  • Total X-Section (Traction): 128.35 mm²
  • Rated current at 22.5 kV (Traction): 731 A
  • Current Density (Traction): 5.69 A/ mm²
  • Number of Layers (Traction): 6
  • Winding Resistance (Traction at 85°C): 15.4 mΩ
  • Number of turns (Traction): 102

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Test your knowledge on traction transformers with this quiz. Explore key concepts including voltage ratings, oil capacity, cooling methods, and maintenance configurations. Perfect for engineering students and professionals in the electrical field.

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