Toxicology Quiz: Poisons and Symptoms
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with acute carbon monoxide poisoning?

  • Delayed neurologic symptoms (correct)
  • Tissue hypoxia
  • Cherry red color on the face
  • Mental deterioration

What is the primary mechanism of cyanide poisoning?

  • Production of cyanohemoglobin
  • Induction of nitric oxide synthesis
  • Formation of carboxyhemoglobin
  • Inhibition of cytochrome A3 (correct)

What symptom is associated with arsenic toxicity?

  • Altered mental status
  • Garlic breath (correct)
  • Odor of fresh cut grass
  • Cherry red skin discoloration

Which statement about mercury is FALSE?

<p>It has no effects on the central nervous system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is NOT commonly associated with arsenic poisoning?

<p>Use of activated charcoal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of chronic mercury exposure?

<p>Cerebral palsy in children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is least likely to be associated with cyanide poisoning?

<p>Metallic taste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these agents is considered the 'King of Poisons'?

<p>Arsenic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenon known as pink disease is also referred to as what?

<p>Acrodynia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true regarding chronic toxicity?

<p>It has immediate effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trace element is crucial for the synthesis of hemoglobin?

<p>Cobalt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is critical for amino acid synthesis and has no known toxicity at increased oral doses?

<p>Vitamin B9 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of molybdenum deficiency?

<p>Growth depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trace element can cause lung cancer as a result of its toxicity?

<p>Chromium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief effect of zinc deficiency in children?

<p>Growth retardation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for the hydroxylation of collagen?

<p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excess intake of copper?

<p>Wilson's disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trace element is primarily involved in thyroid hormone function?

<p>Iodine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia?

<p>Vitamin B12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trace element is known for its least toxicity among the trace elements listed?

<p>Manganese (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is primarily involved in maintaining red blood cell integrity?

<p>Vitamin E (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency syndrome is associated with Vitamin D?

<p>Rickets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential result of chronic toxicity of Vitamin A?

<p>Osteoporosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin's primary function involves absorption of calcium and phosphorus?

<p>Vitamin D (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency syndrome is related to Vitamin B1?

<p>Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option represents a toxicity symptom of Vitamin E?

<p>Mild gastrointestinal distress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of excess Vitamin K intake?

<p>Decreased clotting time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is known for its role in redox reactions through NAD and NAD phosphate?

<p>Vitamin B3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a deficiency syndrome caused by a lack of Vitamin B6?

<p>Cheilosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare deficiency syndrome associated with Biotin?

<p>Hypercholesterolemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with iron intoxication?

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the HFE gene in relation to iron?

<p>Regulates iron absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What long-term effects can lead toxicity potentially cause in children?

<p>Intellectual deficit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of organophosphate poisoning?

<p>Lacrimation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hemochromatosis is accurate?

<p>It leads to iron deposition in tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary compartment of the body for lead accumulation?

<p>Bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily inhibited by organophosphates?

<p>Acetylcholinesterase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition describes a deficiency of a specific vitamin?

<p>Hypovitaminosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes trace elements?

<p>Essential nutrients consumed in small amounts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is NOT a manifestation of chronic lead toxicity?

<p>Severe gastroenteritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acute Toxicity

Toxic effects caused by a single, short-term high dose exposure.

Chronic Toxicity

Toxic effects from repeated low-dose exposures over a long period.

Cyanide

A toxic substance which binds to cytochrome A3 and inhibits cell respiration; odor of bitter almonds.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

A colorless, odorless gas that blocks oxygen delivery to tissues by binding to hemoglobin.

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Arsenic

Toxic heavy metal found in several forms; ingested or inhaled; causes severe damage to cells and tissues.

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Mercury

Heavy metal present in multiple forms, often causing central nervous system damage; methylmercury is especially harmful.

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Acrodynia

A rare disorder, usually in children, caused by exposure to mercury, marked by skin rash and neurological symptoms

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Minimata disease

A disease from methylmercury exposure, mainly affecting the neurological system, initially noted in Japan.

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Mees lines

A sign of arsenic poisoning; white transverse lines appearing on nails.

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Toxic Agents

Substances that are hazardous and can cause illness or death.

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Vitamin A function

Component of retinal rod pigment, crucial for dim light vision and immune system function.

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Vitamin A deficiency

Leads to night blindness, dry eyes (xerophthalmia), and increased susceptibility to infections.

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Vitamin D function

Essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption, bone and teeth mineralization.

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Vitamin D deficiency (children)

Causes rickets, hindering bone development.

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Vitamin E function

Acts as an antioxidant, protecting red blood cells and nerve tissues.

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Vitamin K function

Important for blood clotting, activating clotting factors.

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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) function

Enzyme cofactor involved in energy metabolism.

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Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency

Causes pellagra, characterized by skin, digestive issues, and neurological problems.

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Vitamin B6 function

Plays a role in amino acid, phospholipid, and glycogen metabolism and neurological issues.

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Vitamin B7 function

A coenzyme, important for metabolic reactions.

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Hemochromatosis

A condition where iron deposits in tissues, potentially causing damage.

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Iron absorption regulation

Controlled by the HFE gene encoded protein.

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Lead toxicity symptoms (acute)

Encephalopathy, convulsions, stupor, and colic.

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Lead toxicity symptoms (chronic)

Malaise, weight loss, anorexia, and constipation, intellectual deficits, peripheral neuropathy, nephrosis, anemia.

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Lead's effect on ALA synthetase

Lead blocks this enzyme, causing anemia.

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Organophosphate poisoning symptoms

Parasympathetic over-stimulation: salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation.

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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.

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Erethism Symptoms

Neurological symptoms like memory loss, drowsiness, withdrawal, depression, and irritability.

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Vitamins

Organic compounds vital for health, obtained through diet.

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Trace elements

Inorganic components needed in small amounts for body functions.

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Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

Essential for amino acid synthesis, vital for cell division and growth. Deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in developing fetuses.

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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Crucial for folate metabolism, DNA synthesis, and myelinization of the spinal tract. Deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia and peripheral neuropathy.

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Vitamin C (Ascorbate)

Essential for collagen synthesis, a key component of connective tissues. Deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by weakened blood vessels, bleeding gums, and poor wound healing.

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Chromium (Cr)

Enhances insulin action, playing a role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Deficiency can lead to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.

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Cobalt (Co)

Vital for hemoglobin synthesis, essential for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. Deficiency results in anemia.

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Copper (Cu)

Essential for various functions like vitamin B12 metabolism, cellular respiration, and collagen synthesis. Deficiency can lead to growth problems, anemia, and skeletal defects.

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Fluorine (F)

Protects teeth from decay by strengthening enamel. Excess consumption can lead to fluorosis, causing discoloration and pitting of teeth.

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Iodine (I)

Essential component of thyroid hormone, regulating metabolism. Deficiency leads to goiter, a swelling of the thyroid gland, and hypothyroidism.

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Iron (Fe)

Key component of hemoglobin, responsible for oxygen transport in the blood. Deficiency causes iron-deficiency anemia, characterized by fatigue and pale skin.

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Manganese (Mn)

Involved in various metabolic processes, acting as a component of enzymes. Deficiency can lead to neurological and skeletal problems.

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Study Notes

Toxicology

  • Study of toxic drugs or poisons in households, environments, industries, and workplaces.
  • Acute toxicity is associated with short-term, high-dose exposure causing immediate effects.
  • Chronic toxicity is from repeated, frequent exposure, leading to long-term effects.

Toxic Agents/Poisons: Cyanide

  • Common suicidal agent
  • Reversibly binds to cytochrome A3, inhibiting reoxidation.
  • Binds to iron (ferric and ferrous) forms, producing cyanohemoglobin.
  • Bitter almond odor
  • Fast-acting, causing mental status changes and rapid breathing.
  • Unexplained metabolic acidosis.

Toxic Agents/Poisons: Carbon Monoxide

  • Common gaseous poison, producing tissue hypoxia.
  • Binds to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb)
  • Induces nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, causing systemic blood pressure changes.
  • Cherry red facial color is a common symptom.
  • Delayed neurological effects include mental deterioration, mutism, memory loss, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence.

Toxic Agents/Poisons: Arsenic

  • Known as the "King of Poisons"
  • Inorganic forms include sodium arsenate, lead arsenite, and copper arsenite.
  • Organic forms include carbasone and tryparsamide.
  • Usually found in industrial settings.
  • Exists in different oxidation states (elemental, trivalent arsenite, and pentavalent arsenate).
  • Readily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and lungs.
  • Crosses the placenta
  • Symptoms include garlic breath, metallic taste, cyanosis, hypotension, rapid heartbeat, and ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Treatment includes gastric lavage and dimercaprol.

Toxic Agents/Poisons: Mercury

  • Exists in several forms (elemental/metallic, mercurous, mercuric, and alkyl mercury).
  • Readily absorbed and affects the central nervous system with a half-life of 70-90 days.
  • Removal of residual arsenic can be done via gastric lavage/emesis.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the characteristics and symptoms associated with common poisonings, including carbon monoxide, cyanide, arsenic, and mercury. This quiz assesses your understanding of toxicological mechanisms and treatments.

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