Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary route of toxicity for Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD)?
What is the primary route of toxicity for Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD)?
What common feature characterizes acute PPD poisoning?
What common feature characterizes acute PPD poisoning?
What percentage of PPD poisoning cases are due to suicidal attempts in adult practice?
What percentage of PPD poisoning cases are due to suicidal attempts in adult practice?
Which of the following systemic problems is NOT commonly associated with PPD intoxication?
Which of the following systemic problems is NOT commonly associated with PPD intoxication?
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What clinical symptom is reported in the highest percentage of PPD poisoning cases?
What clinical symptom is reported in the highest percentage of PPD poisoning cases?
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What is the average yearly number of PPD intoxication cases reported in Khartoum from 1995 to 2005?
What is the average yearly number of PPD intoxication cases reported in Khartoum from 1995 to 2005?
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What treatment is indicated for angioneurotic edema in PPD poisoning?
What treatment is indicated for angioneurotic edema in PPD poisoning?
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What is the mortality rate range associated with PPD intoxication?
What is the mortality rate range associated with PPD intoxication?
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What is NOT part of the management strategy for PPD poisoning?
What is NOT part of the management strategy for PPD poisoning?
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Which demographic is most commonly affected by PPD poisoning in terms of age?
Which demographic is most commonly affected by PPD poisoning in terms of age?
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Flashcards
What is PPD?
What is PPD?
Paraphenylene diamine (PPD) is a chemical used in hair dye formulations to create various shades.
How does PPD poisoning happen?
How does PPD poisoning happen?
PPD poisoning mainly occurs through skin absorption, but can also happen by accidental ingestion or deliberate self-harm.
How much PPD is toxic?
How much PPD is toxic?
A dose of 3-5mg of PPD can be toxic and cause severe symptoms like facial swelling, swollen tongue, and dark urine.
What are the main health risks of PPD poisoning?
What are the main health risks of PPD poisoning?
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What are the common symptoms of PPD poisoning?
What are the common symptoms of PPD poisoning?
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Why is PPD poisoning a major concern in some countries?
Why is PPD poisoning a major concern in some countries?
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How dangerous is PPD poisoning?
How dangerous is PPD poisoning?
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How is PPD poisoning treated?
How is PPD poisoning treated?
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What is the importance of early detection and treatment of PPD poisoning?
What is the importance of early detection and treatment of PPD poisoning?
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What investigations are done to diagnose PPD poisoning?
What investigations are done to diagnose PPD poisoning?
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Study Notes
Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD) Hair Dye Poisoning
- PPD is a key ingredient in various hair dyes, producing different shades based on concentration.
- In Sudan, PPD is used to color hair and, mixed with henna, to color skin.
- PPD toxicity results from skin absorption.
- PPD is an allergen.
- Systemic issues arise from accidental or intentional ingestion.
- Toxic dose: 3-5 mg.
- Symptoms of acute poisoning include severe facial and neck edema, requiring tracheostomy in some cases, a swollen tongue, and dark brown urine.
- PPD intoxication can cause multisystem involvement leading to rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.
- Other reported symptoms include flaccid paralysis, severe gastrointestinal issues, cardiotoxicity, and arrhythmias.
- This form of intoxication is often fatal if not treated aggressively.
- There is currently no specific antidote.
Clinical Presentation
- Key clinical symptoms include oedema (94%), acute respiratory insufficiency (56%), tracheal intubation (72%), tracheostomy (21%), signs of rhabdomyolysis (88%), gastrointestinal symptoms (53%), and oliguric acute renal failure (32%).
Epidemiology
- PPD intoxication is a significant health concern in Sudan, Morocco, and India.
- Acute PPD poisoning is a common cause of suicide attempts needing hospitalization in Morocco.
- In adult cases, 70-90% of PPD poisonings are due to suicide attempts.
- Mortality rate ranges from 10.6% to 38.7%.
- Statistics from a Khartoum ENT hospital (1995-2005) show 3159 cases with an average of 287.1 per year.
- The affected age group is mainly 15-24 years old, accounting for 52% of cases.
- 80.7% of cases are females, with 87% linked to suicidal attempts.
Management
- ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) is crucial.
- Angioneurotic edema may require tracheostomy.
- Respiratory failure needs mechanical ventilation.
- Fluids are essential.
- Gastric lavage will be performed.
- Renal dialysis may be required.
Investigation
- Blood tests for PPD levels.
- Urine tests for PPD.
- Renal function tests (RFT).
- Liver function tests (LFT).
- Electrocardiogram (ECG).
Prevention and Treatment
- Early recognition, prompt referral, and aggressive supportive treatment can lower mortality.
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Description
This quiz covers the critical aspects of Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD) hair dye poisoning, including its toxicity, symptoms, and clinical presentations. Participants will learn about the impact of PPD on health, including systemic and allergenic effects. Additionally, the quiz addresses the severity of symptoms and the lack of specific antidotes for treatment.
