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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic smell of stomach contents in carbamate poisoning?
What is the primary difference between carbamates and organophosphates in terms of toxicity?
What is the specific antidote for carbamate poisoning?
What is the characteristic finding in the lungs in carbamate poisoning?
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What is the time frame for carbamates to spontaneously hydrolyse from the cholinesterase enzymatic site?
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What is the characteristic feature of the brain in carbamate poisoning?
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Study Notes
Clinical Features of Carbamate Poisoning
- Congested face with cyanosis
- Eyelids, lips, fingers, and nose may be congested and show petechial hemorrhages
- Bloodstained froth may be seen at the mouth and nose
- Stomach mucosa is congested with submucous petechial hemorrhages
- Respiratory passages are congested with frothy hemorrhagic exudate
- Lungs show gross congestion, excessive edema, and subpleural petechiae
- Heart may be soft and flabby
- Internal organs are congested
- Brain is congested and oedematous; meninges are congested with petechial hemorrhages
Pharmacology and Toxicology of Carbamates
- Absorption occurs through all routes
- Carbamates are anticholinergic and may inhibit carboxylic esterase enzymes by carbamylation
- Carbamates differ from organophosphates in that they spontaneously hydrolyze from the cholinesterase enzymatic site within 24 to 48 hours
- Carbamates do not effectively penetrate into the CNS, and CNS toxicity is limited
- Cholinesterase in erythrocytes and at myoneural junctions is below normal
Treatment of Carbamate Poisoning
- Atropine is the specific antidote
- Pralidoxime may diminish the severity of symptoms
- Organophosphorus can be detected in putrefied bodies
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Description
This quiz covers the symptoms and effects of carbamate pesticides, including carbaryl, carbofuran, and others, on the human body.
