Towing and Mooring Techniques Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a towing messenger?

  • To assist in retrieving the towing hawser. (correct)
  • To provide a secure connection between the towing hawser and the pelican hook.
  • To connect the towing ship to the towed ship.
  • To increase the strength of the towing hawser.
  • What equipment is used to reduce wear and tear on the towing hawser?

  • Jack stay
  • NATO link
  • Chafing chain (correct)
  • Pelican hook
  • What piece of equipment is specifically designed for detaching a towing rig from a ship under tension?

  • 4 x 4 Shoring (chopblock)
  • Jack stay
  • Pelican hook (correct)
  • NATO link
  • Which personnel on a towing evolution are responsible for operating the capstan?

    <p>Capstan Operator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equipment is NOT associated with towing evolutions?

    <p>Mooring line (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a towing evolution, what is the primary responsibility of the Signalman?

    <p>Communicating with the towing ship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a detachable link toolbox?

    <p>To disassemble a detachable link (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length range of a mooring line?

    <p>200-600 feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a 'Storm Line/Wire'?

    <p>Acts as a backup in case the primary mooring line fails and limits the load on the primary mooring line. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Round Turn' in the context of mooring lines?

    <p>The process of securing the mooring line to the bitt by making a single turn. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a safety measure used to protect mooring lines?

    <p>Chafing Gear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a 'Rat-tail stopper'?

    <p>To provide a secure and reliable way to secure boat falls and mooring lines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of 'Rat Guards'?

    <p>To prevent rodents from boarding the ship via the mooring lines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a 'Tattl-tale'?

    <p>To alert crew of the load approaching the mooring line's limit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a 'Breast Line' and a 'Spring Line'?

    <p>A Spring Line is used for forward and aft movement, while a Breast Line is used for lateral movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mooring line technique or maneuver?

    <p>Rat-tail stopper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing the speed of a replenishment operation?

    <p>Weather conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advisable replenishment speed?

    <p>6 knots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Control Ship during a replenishment operation?

    <p>To manage the overall replenishment process and coordinate the movement of ships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the K. Highline wire rope?

    <p>800 feet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "VENTURI EFFECT" refer to in the context of underway replenishment?

    <p>The reduction in water pressure between the two ships at high speeds, potentially causing instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the wire rope used for SPAN WIRE fueling at sea?

    <p>3/4 inch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Solid Cargo Transfer Station?

    <p>To manage the rigging and transfer of shot lines and phone lines during replenishment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a requirement on the Replenishment Checklist for OD Division?

    <p>Ensure that the shot line does not hit any ship on the other side of the ship to which the line is passed. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for attaining and maintaining the optimal position for safe replenishment operations?

    <p>Approach Ship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a ROBB coupling?

    <p>Used for probe refueling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the station-to-station phone lines used during replenishment?

    <p>To provide communication between the Control Ship and the Approach Ship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "RIG" refer to in the context of underway replenishment?

    <p>A system of ropes and pulleys used to transfer cargo between ships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a winch in underway replenishment?

    <p>To haul in, pay out, or tension wire rope. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT considered a receiving ship that does NOT require a shot line?

    <p>DDG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Station-to-Station phone line used in underway replenishment?

    <p>To communicate between ships in the replenishment operation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in the Replenishment Checklist for OD Division?

    <p>Rig the proper fire suppression systems at each station. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an INHAUL line?

    <p>To retrieve gear from the sea. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of line used in ship-to-ship replenishment?

    <p>Spanwire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the "Phone and Distance Line"?

    <p>To provide a communication link between ships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the markers on the Phone and Distance Line spaced during daylight?

    <p>At 20-foot intervals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pouches provided on canvas markers for the Phone and Distance Line?

    <p>To attach chemical lights for nighttime visibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the "Riding Line" in ship-to-ship replenishment?

    <p>To prevent tension from developing in the hoses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the "Short Strap" in ship-to-ship replenishment?

    <p>To disconnect the messenger line and hook up the remating line. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary material used for the "Easing-Out Line" in ship-to-ship replenishment?

    <p>Manila Rope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of an emergency breakaway?

    <p>To disengage quickly without damaging the rigs or endangering personnel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is authorized to initiate "Abandon Ship" procedures?

    <p>The commanding officer or the senior line officer in their absence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a piece of information to be broadcast during an "Abandon Ship" procedure?

    <p>Time of distress call (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the designated evacuation zones for "Abandon Ship" procedures?

    <p>Forward (forecastle), amidships, and aft (fantail) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can be used to deploy a life raft?

    <p>Manually operating the hydrostatic release device (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum capacity of a life raft?

    <p>25 people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hydrostatic release device operate?

    <p>It automatically releases the life raft when the ship sinks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sea painter in the deployment of a life raft?

    <p>To inflate the life raft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Breast Line

    Lines run perpendicular to centerline to hold ship to pier.

    Forward Spring Line

    Diagonal lines limiting forward and aft movement of the ship.

    Stern Line

    Mooring lines located at the aft end of the ship.

    Storm Line/Wire

    Line that becomes taut at approximately 50% of breaking strength.

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    Figure Eight Turn

    Placing turns on bitt in a number 8 pattern for securing lines.

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    Single Up

    Reeve a single part mooring line with one full turn and four figure eights.

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    Chafing Gear

    Materials used to absorb abrasion and protect mooring lines.

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    Rat Guards

    Devices to prevent rats from boarding via mooring lines.

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    Inhaul Line

    A line used to recover gear like paravanes at sea.

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    Outhaul Line

    A line used to send equipment away from the vessel.

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    Messenger

    A line that brings specific equipment during operations.

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    Phone and Distance Line

    Provides communication and distance visuals between ships.

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    Distance Markers

    Visual indicators spaced at 20 feet to show distance between ships.

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    Riding Line

    Lines rigged to prevent tension in hoses during operations.

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    Chain Stopper

    Equipment used to limit damage and ensure prompt repairs.

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    Easing-Out Line

    A line made from manila used in easing operations at sea.

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    Replenishment Speed

    The advised speed for ships during replenishment, typically between 12 and 16 knots.

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    Minimum Speed Requirement

    A ship should not go below 8 knots during replenishment to maintain rudder effectiveness.

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    Control Ship

    The delivery ship that assumes responsibility for managing the replenishment operations.

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    Delivery Ship Responsibilities

    The duties of the delivery ship include preparation for rig procedures and supplying necessary equipment.

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    Approach Ship

    The ship that maintains station on the control ship while ensuring safe handling of rigs.

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    Transfer Station

    A setup on a ship for receiving or delivering liquid and solid cargo while underway.

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    Liquid Cargo Transfer Station

    A station designed for receiving or delivering liquid cargo like fuel or water using hoses.

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    Solid Cargo Transfer Station

    A station for delivering solid cargo, mail, and other items while ships are moving.

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    Hitch

    A round turn that binds itself, used in various types like rolling and timber hitch.

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    Rig Captain

    In charge of the towing evolution, recognized by a yellow hard hat and MK1.

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    Towing Hawser

    The line that connects the towing ship to the towed ship.

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    Pelican Hook

    A hook that can be opened under strain by knocking away a locking bail.

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    NATO Link

    A special link for connecting towing rigs between ships of different nations.

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    Chafing Chain

    A length of chain used to reduce chafing or wear on towing lines.

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    Mooring Line

    Used to secure a ship to a wharf or other vessels, typically 200 to 600 feet long.

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    Signal Paddles

    Paddles used to communicate directions with the towing ship.

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    Span Wire

    Wire rope used for fueling at sea, available in 7/8 and 3/4 sizes, 900 feet long.

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    K. Highline

    Wire rope with a 1-inch diameter used for cargo transfer, 800 feet long.

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    Station-to-Station Phone Line

    Sound-powered phone communication line connecting delivery and receiving stations.

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    Replenishment Checklist

    Checklist to ensure proper preparation and resources are available for replenishment.

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    Line-Throwing Gun

    Device used to pass nylon shot lines between ships during replenishment operations.

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    Fair-Lead Block

    A 12-inch wood snatch block used as a messenger fairlead block at probe receiving stations.

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    Lifeboat Engine Testing

    Process of ensuring lifeboat engines are operational and ready for launching.

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    Emergency Breakaway

    A rapid disengagement process initiated when an imminent danger is present.

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    Standard Breakaway

    A planned procedure for disengagement that occurs during normal circumstances.

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    Abandon Ship Orders

    Commands to evacuate the ship, given by the Commanding Officer or designated senior officer.

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    Crew Actions During Evacuation

    Personnel must evacuate in an orderly manner from designated areas based on lifeboat assignments.

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    Hydrostatic Release Device

    A device that releases a life raft when water pressure at specific depths activates it.

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    Deploying Life Rafts

    The process of releasing life rafts using various methods during emergencies.

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    Life Raft Capacity

    The maximum number of persons that a life raft can safely hold, typically 25.

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    Cutting The Lashing

    A method to release a life raft from its cradle by severing the securing connection.

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    Study Notes

    Common Core Terms Applied to Small Boats

    • RIB: Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat, holding 18 (total) or 5 (lowered) personnel. Swift and Deadly are two types.
    • Davits: Used for transferring loads by lowering or raising them. A type is a "Slew Arm Davit".
    • Sea Painter: Maintains the RIB alongside during transit, using a "Lizard Line" to raise and lower.
    • Steady Lines: Prevent the RIB from spinning during lowering and raising.

    Ground Tackle

    • Bit: Secures mooring lines.
    • Chock: Passes mooring lines through.
    • Cleat: Secures mooring lines.
    • Bullnose: The foremost chock on the ship.
    • Hawse Pipe: Storage for the anchor.
    • Chain: Attached to the anchor to keep it in the ship or for loosening.
    • Turnbuckle: Part of chain stoppers for tightening.
    • Capstan: Top part of windlass for bringing line to power.
    • Towing Stopper: Has H-plates to keep from turning, used for towing.
    • Pelican Hook: Can be opened under strain, used to provide an instantaneous release.

    Marlinespike Seamanship

    • Natural Line: Made from natural fibers e.g., cotton, agave, jute, hemp, abaca, manila.
    • Synthetic Line: Made from man-made fibers e.g., nylon, Kevlar, Dacron, polypropylene. Kevlar suitable for mooring.
    • Small Stuff: Lines of 1¼ inches or less.
    • Hawser: Any line over 5 inches used for towing, mooring, and similar operations.
    • Coil: Laying the line in a circular motion.
    • Fake: Laying the line in lines next to one another.
    • Heaving Line: Attaches to the mooring line messenger to get the mooring line to the pier.
    • Bight: The middle, loop, or bent part of a rope, distinguishable from the ends.
    • Bitter End: End of a line.
    • Splice: Braiding a line into itself to create an eye.
    • Marlin Spike: Metal spike used by boatswain mates.
    • Fid: Wooden spike used to splice lines.
    • Knot: A bent line forming an eye (bowline or square).
    • Hitch: Forms a turn (rolling hitch, timber hitch, marline hitch).

    Towing Evolutions: Stations and Equipment

    • Rig Captain: in charge, wears yellow hard hat.
    • Riggers: handle lines/equipment, wear blue hard hats.
    • Signalman: Stays near the towing ship to relay information.
    • Capstan Operator: Operates the capstan while hauling in the hawser.
    • Line Handlers: Wear hard hats and K-pok. Haul in the messenger when recovering.
    • Towing Hawser: Connects towing ship to towed ship.
    • Towing Messenger: Composed of three-inch and one-half inch circumference line.
    • NATO Link: A special link facilitating connection to other nations' ships.
    • Pelican Hook: used for instantaneous release of strain.
    • Chafing Chain: Reduces chafing/wearing of the line.
    • Retrieving Line: Used to retrieve the towing hawser.
    • 4 X 4 Shoring (Chockblock): 4-foot 4 X 4 wood.
    • Jack Stay: Line or wire to attach articles.

    Safety Equipment/Tools

    • Various equipment including anchor chain, chain stoppers, chain hooks, cable jacks, detachable links, messengers, 4 x 4 shoring, sledgehammers, etc.
    • Detachable link tool box.
    • Signal paddles.
    • Portable exothermic cutting unit (PECU).

    Towing Approaches

    • Across Sea/Wind Approach: Diagram showing the approach.
    • Downwind Crossing the "T" Approach: Diagram showing the approach.

    Mooring

    • Mooring Line: Used to secure a ship to a dock or another ship.
    • Breast Line: Runs perpendicular to the center-line of the ship. Usually under 45-degree angle
    • Forward Spring Line: Leads diagonally from the ship; controls forward and aft movement, greater than 45 degrees.
    • After Spring Line: Leads diagonally from the ship; controls forward and aft movement, greater than 45 degrees.
    • Bow Head Line: Lines at the bow of the ship.
    • Stern Line: Lines at the stern of the ship.
    • Storm Line/Wire: Determines length and energy absorbing links, for appropriate tension.

    Line Handling Commands

    • Hold: Don’t let go of the line.
    • Check: Gradually slacken the line with strain.
    • Ease: Relax the strain.
    • Slack-Off: Ease out a line.
    • Take-in: Take a line on board.
    • Cast-Off: Release a line.
    • Avast: Stop.
    • Heave Around: Haul in.

    Anchoring

    • Anchor: Device to hold a ship or boat to the bottom.
    • Detachable Link: Used in anchoring (various dimensions).

    Chain Markings

    • Chain links are marked for length of chain deployed (White, Red, Blue). Anchor chain marked with wire turns.

    Cable Jack

    • Used with larger size anchor chain.

    Wildcat, Anchor Brake, Swivel Shot

    • Part of anchor windlass, used to keep anchor in place after removal of stopper, components fitted to reduce twisting.

    Heavy Stain, Moderate Stain, Light Strain

    • Describes strain on an anchor chain when anchored.

    Crane Types

    • Bridge crane located on each hanger bay.

    Replenishment (Unrep) Terms

    • Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP): Helicopter transfer of cargo.
    • Connected Replenishment (CONREP): Transfer liquid or solid cargo through rigging.

    Replenishment Operations

    • Replenishment Course: Responsible for the course and speed of the operation.
    • Replenishment Speed: Speeds between 12-16 knots are advisable.
    • Control Ship/Delivery Ship: (Delivery Ship is normally the control ship.)

    Underway Replenishment

    • Liquid Cargo Transfer Station: (CONREP/STREAM): Combines deck area and equipment for liquid transfers.
    • Solid Cargo Transfer Station: (CONREP): Combines deck area and equipment for solid/containerized cargo.
    • Inhaul Line: Line used to retrieve equipment during underway replenishment.
    • Out-haul Line: Line used to bring equipment across during underway replenishment.
    • Messenger: Line used to move equipment, spanning distance.
    • Phone/Distance Line: Visual and sound communication during underway replenishment.
    • Riding Line: Fiber rope lines used to maintain rigidity in hoses.
    • Jigger Tackle: Tackle for handling the line, to prevent tension in hoses.
    • Chain Stopper: Used to secure and remove chain strain.
    • Long/Short Strap: Used in double probe rigs when dis-connecting a messenger.
    • Span Wire: Wire rope used in cargo transfer.
    • High Line: Wire rope used for cargo transfer.
    • Probe/Robb Coupling: Special coupling/attachment for probe.

    Standard/Emergency Breakaway

    • Emergency breakaway is a faster and more ordered procedure than standard breakaway.

    Abandon Ship

    • Who orders abandon ship: Commanding officer (CO) or senior line officer in their absence.
    • Words to be passed: Location, direction, whether friendly/hostile force, location, depth, water temp, currents
    • Crew Actions: Evacuate from specified areas depending on lifeboat assignments
    • Life Boats: Used for evacuating personnel.

    Rib (Rigid Inflatable Boat) Survival Equipment

    • Various items like oars, rescue lines, tarps, bailers, batteries, blankets, first aid kits, flashlights, food packets, knives, mirrors, markers, water, whistles, life rafts (25-person capacity).

    MK7 Inflatable Life Raft Survival Gear

    • Various items within the containers of the life rafts.

    Deploying Life Rafts

    • Automatic hydrostatic activation, striking button.
    • Lashing cutting, releasing/inflating the life rafts.

    Station-to-station phone line

    • Facilitates communications between transfer stations.

    Replenishment Checklist

    • Ensures correct procedures and personnel are in place before transfer.

    Line-Throwing Gun

    • Used during underway transfers to pass nylon lines.

    Fair-Lead Block

    • 12-inch wood block to guide the line.

    Snatch Block

    • Described and used to transfer cargo.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on towing and mooring techniques with this comprehensive quiz. Explore various equipment, responsibilities, and safety measures involved in towing evolutions and mooring operations. Ideal for maritime students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding of these critical procedures.

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