Tourism, Transport & Architectural History
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Questions and Answers

Which aspect of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial made it particularly challenging for Lawrence Halprin?

  • The landscape architect's fond memories of Roosevelt, combined with the inherent difficulty of the project. (correct)
  • The limited availability of construction materials.
  • Halprin's lack of experience with presidential memorials.
  • Conflicting visions from the Roosevelt family regarding the memorial's design.

What is a primary focus of research at the museum?

  • Creating interactive exhibits for children.
  • Taxonomy, identification, and conservation of specimens. (correct)
  • Developing new architectural designs for museum exhibitions.
  • Studying the social impact of museums on local communities.

What architectural style is the museum famous for, as suggested by the term 'cathedral of nature'?

  • Deconstructivist architecture
  • Brutalist architecture
  • Gothic architecture
  • Ornate architecture (correct)

How has the perception of Las Vegas changed in recent times, according to the context?

<p>It is increasingly recognized as a family-friendly vacation spot. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Federal Highway Administration data from 1990, what was the predominant mode of transportation for intercity passenger-miles in America?

<p>Automobile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key advantage of air travel that contributes to its importance in the tourism industry?

<p>Speed in reaching destinations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contribution is Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot credited with?

<p>Building the first working self-propelled mechanical vehicle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was William Harri Trusselle's initial profession before he started building cars?

<p>Coachbuilder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic most distinguishes adventure tourism from typical beach vacations?

<p>Involvement of unusual holidays in remote, potentially hostile areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tourist seeking high sensory stimulation through physically challenging experiences would most likely participate in:

<p>Adventure tourism involving activities like mountaineering or rappelling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of tourism as a movement of people from their usual place of residence?

<p>A family taking a day trip to a neighboring city for shopping. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is least likely to be associated with adventure tourism?

<p>Attending a classical music concert in Vienna. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A developing nation is looking to boost its tourism sector. Given the examples provided, which strategy would most effectively capitalize on its natural resources to attract international tourists?

<p>Developing eco-tourism initiatives centered around its national parks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Mona Lisa considered such a significant piece within the realm of arts tourism?

<p>Due to its status as a widely recognized, visited, and discussed work of art. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason Times Square is called "The Crossroads of the World"?

<p>Because it is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination and entertainment center. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cultural significance of Juan Luna's Spoliarium beyond its artistic merit?

<p>It achieved international recognition for a Filipino artist and is prominently displayed in the National Museum of the Philippines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A city planner aims to replicate the success of Times Square in attracting a high volume of pedestrian traffic. Which of the following strategies would be LEAST effective?

<p>Constructing a large parking garage on the outskirts of the city. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a marketing campaign were developed to attract tourists to Fernando de Noronha, which aspect of the location would be most emphasized to align with its existing status and protections?

<p>Its status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and national maritime park. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of cultural tourism?

<p>Engaging with unique social environments, heritage, and distinctive attributes of specific locations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A travel agency is creating a tour package focused on historical landmarks. Which of the following destinations, based on the information provided, would be most suitable to include?

<p>The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, dedicated to the U.S. President. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a traveler is interested in experiencing the traditional dances of Thailand, which type of tourism are they primarily engaging in?

<p>Cultural Tourism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a tourist wants to combine physical challenge with exposure to art. Which itinerary would best satisfy both interests?

<p>A guided hiking tour through the Himalayas followed by a visit to local art galleries showcasing regional artists. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the definition of tourism, which of the following activities would NOT be classified as tourism?

<p>A student from California attends a university in the same state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a country wanted to increase its appeal to ecotourists, which of the following actions would likely be most effective?

<p>Developing sustainable practices and protecting national parks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies heritage tourism?

<p>Visiting Angkor Wat to learn about the Khmer Empire and its religious architecture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of cardiologists attends the Philippine International Convention Center for a medical conference. Which type of tourism does this scenario represent?

<p>MICE Tourism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is the LEAST likely to be categorized as nature-based tourism?

<p>Attending a seminar on sustainable agriculture practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A traveler seeks treatment at a specialized clinic, aiming to alleviate a chronic back pain through a series of physical therapy sessions and acupuncture. What kind of tourism are they engaging in?

<p>Health tourism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A family decides to travel to China to participate in a dragon boat race. Besides the race, they plan to explore local markets and sample regional cuisine. Which type of tourism is MOST directly represented by their participation in the dragon boat race itself?

<p>Sports Tourism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies a primary motivation for engaging in MICE tourism?

<p>Attending a global climate change conference in Paris. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Heritage Tourism differ MOST significantly from general Cultural Tourism?

<p>Heritage tourism emphasizes historical and ancestral aspects of a culture, while cultural tourism is a broader engagement with arts, philosophy, and traditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of tourists decides to spend the last Wednesday of August in Buñol, Spain, engaging in a massive tomato fight purely for enjoyment, with no other structured activities planned. This event is most accurately categorized as:

<p>Recreational Tourism centered around a festival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which travel system era did the widespread adoption of personal vehicles significantly reshape travel patterns and infrastructure?

<p>Automobile-Based Travel System Era (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor, as defined by Jagdish Sheth's theory, relates to the traveler's desire for novelty and new experiences when choosing a mode of transportation?

<p>Curiosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A passenger is deciding between a direct flight and a connecting flight that is cheaper but takes longer. According to Jagdish Sheth's theory, which factor are they primarily evaluating?

<p>Functional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of the 'Third Freedom' of the air, in the context of international aviation agreements?

<p>The right to transport traffic from the airline's home country to another country. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An airline based in the United States flies from New York to London, picks up passengers, and then continues to Frankfurt. Which 'Freedom of the Air' is being exercised when the airline picks up passengers in London and flies them to Frankfurt?

<p>Fifth Freedom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transportation is most likely selected for its convenience and door-to-door service, despite potential drawbacks in fuel efficiency and traffic congestion?

<p>Automobile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tour operator is designing a trip specifically targeted at retirees. According to the concepts related to 'social/organizational' factors influencing transportation choices, which mode would be a good option?

<p>Bus Tour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which era did transportation begin to cater to leisure travel alongside functional needs, marking a transition towards purpose-built destinations?

<p>Modern-Tourism Travel System Era (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Thai dance relate to broader classifications of dance forms?

<p>It, like other Asian dances, can be broadly categorized into high art (classical) and low art (folk) forms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gestures would be considered the MOST impolite in most European countries?

<p>Pointing at someone with the middle finger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the MOST appropriate way to handle personal habits like nose-blowing in polite American company?

<p>To excuse oneself and perform the act in private. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Korean etiquette, what is the significance of the number 7 when giving gifts?

<p>It is considered lucky. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Korean etiquette, what is the MOST appropriate way to offer or receive an item from someone, especially a superior?

<p>Using the right hand supported by the left hand. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the primary purpose of ecotourism?

<p>To study, admire, and enjoy relatively undisturbed natural areas and their cultural aspects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a safari?

<p>An overland journey, typically by tourists in Africa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these scenarios BEST exemplifies ecotourism principles?

<p>Backpackers travel to a remote village to experience the local culture, while volunteering with a conservation project and using locally-owned accommodations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tourism

A movement of people from their usual place of residence for leisure or travel.

Attractions

Elements that draw individuals to specific destinations, like culture or natural resources.

Ecotourism

Environmentally oriented travel where tourists seek natural wonders and preserves.

Times Square

A major commercial intersection and entertainment center in New York City, known as 'the Crossroads of the World.'

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National Parks

Protected areas established to conserve wildlife and natural resources, often key attractions for tourism.

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial

A memorial dedicated to U.S. President FDR, commemorating his contributions and era.

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Pernambuco

A state in Brazil where Fernando de Noronha, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located.

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Broadway Theater District

A major center for the performing arts located near Times Square in New York City.

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Lawrence Halprin

A landscape architect known for designing the Roosevelt Memorial.

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Museum Collections

The museum houses 70 million items across five main collections.

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Charles Darwin Specimens

Specimens collected by Darwin that hold historical and scientific significance.

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Dinosaur Skeletons

Famous exhibition in the museum showcasing complete dinosaur remains.

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Transportation in Tourism

Vital for tourism success, with most travel done by car.

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Air Travel Advantages

Offers speed, significantly reducing travel time between distant locations.

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Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot

French inventor of the first working self-propelled vehicle, known as the first automobile.

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MS Allure of the Seas

An Oasis-class cruise ship operated by Royal Caribbean International.

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Thai dance categories

Divided into high art (classical) and low art (folk).

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Indian classical dances

Eight traditional dances recognized by Sangeet Natak Akademi, often religious in origin.

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Korean dance origins

Began with shamanistic rituals and evolved into folk and contemporary dance.

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European dining etiquette

Varies by region; includes rules on elbow placement and finger pointing.

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American etiquette

Includes suppressing yawns and covering mouth when coughing or sneezing in public.

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Korean gift giving customs

Number 4 is unlucky; giving 7 items is considered lucky.

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Ecotourism definition

Travel to natural areas for enjoying scenery and wildlife, often includes cultural aspects.

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Safari trips

Overland journeys for tourists, usually to observe wildlife in Africa.

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La Tomatina

A festival in Buñol, Spain where participants throw tomatoes.

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Health Tourism

Travel aimed at improving health through treatments or spa visits.

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Heritage Tourism

Travel focused on learning about cultural traditions and historic artifacts.

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Angkor Wat

The largest Hindu temple complex, built in the 12th century in Cambodia.

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MICE Tourism

Travel for Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions.

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Nature-based Tourism

Travel that focuses on experiences in natural environments and wildlife reserves.

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Sports Tourism

Travel for participation or attendance in sporting events.

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Dragon Boat

A traditional human-powered watercraft from southern China, often used in races.

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Adventure Tourism

Travel to remote areas, often involving physical challenges and unexpected experiences.

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Bushwhacking

A form of exploration involving hiking through dense and undeveloped wilderness.

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Rappelling

Descending a vertical surface using a rope, often associated with rock climbing.

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Bungee Jumping

An activity that involves jumping from a height while connected to a large elastic cord.

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Nature of Adventure Tourism

Characterized by high sensory stimulation and physical effort with some risk involved.

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Cultural Tourism

Experiencing contact with the unique social fabric and heritage of different places.

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Spelunking

The exploration of caves, often requiring technical skills and safety equipment.

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Skydiving

The act of jumping from an aircraft and free-falling before deploying a parachute.

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Transportation Mode Selection

The process of choosing a type of transportation for travel based on various factors.

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Functional Value

The expected performance of a transportation mode, such as safety and timeliness.

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Aesthetic/Emotional Value

The feelings or social aspects associated with a transportation mode, like comfort and luxury.

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Social/Organizational Factors

Characteristics of frequent users of transportation modes based on demographics like income and education.

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Situational Value

Convenience of the transportation mode's location and its terminal facilities for the traveler.

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Curiosity in Travel

The desire to try something new and different when choosing a mode of transportation.

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First Freedom (Airline Regulation)

The right to overfly a country without landing.

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Second Freedom (Airline Regulation)

The right to make a technical stop in a country without passenger exchange.

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Study Notes

The Nature of Tourism

  • Tourism is a modern phenomenon, evolving from simple travel activities to a complex set of relationships.
  • Tourism can be considered the movement of people from their usual place of residence.

Components of Tourism Industry

  • Attractions: What draws individuals to destinations, including natural resources, culture, ethnicity, or entertainment

  • Ecotourism: A type of environmentally-oriented tourism where tourists seek out natural wonders. There are over 1,100 national parks and 3,200 nature preserves globally. National parks are often a primary attraction, particularly in Africa (e.g., Safari in Africa). Examples of attractions include Times Square.

  • Transportation: A vital component of tourism, with automobiles being a common mode worldwide. Air travel accounted for 17% of travel in 1990.

  • Lodging: Places to sleep for tourists, encompassing hotels, motels, resorts, and other accommodations.

  • Food and Beverage: A necessary and often entertaining component of tourism, with significant industry revenue.

Amenities

  • Natural Amenities: These are aspects of the environment, such as beaches, opportunities for fishing, climbing, and trekking.
  • Man-made Amenities: These are attractions and facilities created by people, such as entertainment venues and facilities catered to tourists' specific needs.

Types of Tourism

  • Adventure Tourism: Involves travel to remote, inaccessible, and potentially hostile areas, contrasting with typical beach vacations
  • Examples of Adventure Activities: Bushwhacking, Tramping, Hang gliding, Hunting, Cross-country skiing, Mountaineering, Rappelling, Rock climbing, Spelunking, Bungee jumping, Skydiving

Additional Tourism Types

  • Arts Tourism: Experiencing paintings, sculpture, and other art forms.
  • Cultural Tourism: Experiencing the unique social fabric, heritage, and characteristics of places, like dances.
  • Educational Tourism: Learning opportunities lasting less than a year. The Louvre Museum (Paris) is an example, with 8 million visitors yearly.
  • Event Tourism: Travel to attend events such as fairs, ceremonies, pilgrimages, and natural phenomena.
  • Festival Tourism: Specific travel to celebrate a festival, with La Tomatina in Spain being a notable example.
  • Health Tourism: Travel to spas for treatments like massages and medical treatments.
  • Heritage Tourism: Experiencing the natural history, human heritage, arts, and philosophy of another region or cultural institution, like Angkor Wat.
  • MICE Tourism: Travel to attend professional or political gatherings (meetings, incentives, conventions, exhibitions).
  • Rural Tourism: Travel to rural areas to escape urban life.
  • Sex Tourism: Travel partly or fully for sexual purposes. While countries like Brazil, Costa Rica, and The Philippines feature in this industry, several studies are available on the topic of this tourism.
  • Sports Tourism: Attending or participating in a predetermined sporting event. Examples like dragon boat racing.
  • Urban Tourism: Travel to cities and towns for their recreational activities and landscapes. West Edmonton Mall (Canada) was a notable mention.
  • Disaster Tourism: Travel to disaster areas for observation and interest rather than assistance. Hurricane Katrina is an example.

Transportation and Travel Evolution

  • Pre-Industrial Era: Travel before widespread industrialization, with suppliers and travel arrangements being handled privately. Inns, and stagecoaches were popular means of travel.
  • Early Industrial Era: Road improvements, railways, canals, and steamships evolved alongside industrialization.
  • Mature Railway Era: Expansion of railway operations, travel agencies, and tour companies.
  • Express Travel Era: Trains and other transport methods started operating with more infrequent stops at major stations.
  • Automobile Era: Car ownership grew, and highways and roadways expanded, becoming the preferred mode of travel in most places.
  • Modern Tourism Era: Growth of air travel and wide-bodied jets enhanced travel, leading to "mass tourism."
  • Post-Mobility Era: Oil embargo and fuel prices influenced travel, with alternative transport and group-oriented travel gaining importance (such as bus travel and specialized touring).
  • Airline regulation: International air travel requires agreements between nations for flights to operate. Specific "freedoms" exist that allow different levels of access to countries for airlines. There are eight basic freedoms that are recognized globally.

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The quiz covers various topics including tourism, modes of transport like air travel and historical figures like Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot. It also touches upon architectural styles and changes in perceptions of locations like Las Vegas.

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