Transportation and Travel Evolution

• Transportation's rapid development and technological innovations have allowed tourists to reach many destinations, making it integral to the tourism and hospitality industry.

Transportation and Travel Evolution

• Pre-Industrial Travel System Era occurred before widespread industrialization in Europe and North America.
  • Few common carriers existed, and regularly scheduled transportation services were scarce.
  • Travelers had to coordinate with multiple suppliers due to limited funds and travel reasons
• Early-Industrial Travel System Era involved road improvements like railways, canals, and steamship services spurred by innovation and technology.
  • More people could afford to travel, prompting the emergence of common carriers and scheduled services.
• Mature-Railway System Era began in 1840 with Thomas Cook's travel innovations in the UK.
  • More people traveled during this era than before.
  • Railways aggressively marketed their services, leading to the creation of travel agencies and tour companies.
  • Railways expanded their operations by running hotels and providing travel-related services.
• Express-Travel System Era featured trains and other transport that stopped only at major stations.
  • Travel speed was improved, encouraging more travel
• Automobile-Based Travel System Era saw an increase in private automobile use in North America and Europe starting in the 1920s
  • Motorways and interstate highways were developed between 1920 and 1974
  • From 1920-1945, automobiles became the predominant mode of travel
• Modern-Tourism Travel System Era is the period from 1945-1974
  • Car ownership continued to multiply
  • Air travel was another post-WWII occurrence
  • Introduction of wide-bodied jets in 1970 increased air travel
  • Mass tourism philosophy and marketing approaches arose in the 1950s and 1960s
• Post-Mobility Adjustment Era began in 1973-74 due to the OPEC oil embargo and fuel price increases.
  • The energy crisis changed travel patterns worldwide.
  • Travelers began seeking alternative, group-oriented transportation modes.

Selection of Transportation Mode

• A tourist's travel experience depends on the chosen transport mode and how often they use it.
• Transportation itself can be a tourist attraction, like cruises, trains, or boat trips.
• Air transport is a critical transportation option
  • Air travel has made significant changes in people's minds concerning time and distance
  • Airlines invest billions in technological innovations to meet demand
  • Air travel industry has a large role in extensive long-distance travel
  • Planes, helicopters, hot air balloons, and gliders are examples
• Automobile transportation is common for short distances
  • It makes it easy to see local culture and nations
  • Presents greater flexibility than many transportation options
  • Low prices compared to air travel
• Railway transport, frequent in the 19th century, is considered the oldest type of transportation
  • Trains are used more to haul large loads because the tourist prefers automotive or air travel
  • Tech innovations led to fast trains that compete against cars and air travel
  • High-speed, regional, rapid transit, and freight trains are examples of railway travel
• Sea transport includes cruises, boats, yachts, and ferries.
  • Cruise ships provide tourists with travel opportunities
  • Cruise ships enable travelers to see several countries at a time
  • Maritime vessels and cargo ships are other forms of sea transport

Recreations and Attractions

• Recreation is an activity of visiting a place to participate in relaxing activities, such as parks, museums, historic sites, and theaters
  • Can also be the pursuit of leisure activities during one's spare time
• Leisure is the productive, creative, or contemplative use of free time

Varied Views of Recreation and Leisure

• Can involve public agencies that provide parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, sports fields, and community centers
• Can also be found in senior centers, workshops for individuals with disabilities, or rehab centers
• Environmentalists care about how outdoor recreation impacts natural surroundings like forests, mountainous regions, rivers, and lakes

Recreational Participation

• It is an extremely broad range of leisure activities including travel and tourism, cultural entertainment, participation in the arts, hobbies, and membership in social clubs or interest groups
• It can be activities with thousands of participants or spectators, an individual activity, or can be very active and strenuous
• Can either be a consistent form of interest or just a simple one time experience

Attractions

• Natural attractions are what drives many people to travel
  • Forests, national and botanical paradises, and zoos are all examples of driving tourism
• Purpose built attractions are attractions that have been purposely developed for tourism
  • zoos, theme parks, and art galleries are prime examples
• Heritage and historical locations are appealing to those with a penchant for the rise and all of long lost civilizations
  • Great Wall of China and The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
• Recreational Attractions maintain recreation by providing activities such as:
  • Bowling, camping, fishing, and golfing

Commercial Attractions

• Retail operations that deal in, handcrafted gifts, arts, and souvenirs that attract tourists
  • Shopping centers and boutiques
• Industrial Attractions are growing with tours focused around industries
  • Wineries and breweries

Challenges Faced by the Recreation and Leisure Service Field in the 21st Century

• Serving a diverse society of all races, ages, and genders
• Increase community development and emphasis on youth
• Enhance public understanding of the field
• Upgrade park programs and facilities, particularly in minority populations
• Adopt benefits-based research focused around publishing positive outcomes of recreation
• Promote recreations identity as healthy practices in the related field
• Form partnerships with environmental organizations and protect waterways and wildlands
• Expand family-oriented program and facilities
• Encourage ethical and higher values within competitions with youth
• Make strides toward a fuller and richer integration for all people with disabilities within community recreation programs
• Plan long term roles within leisure activities and recreation
• Uphold high level standards of professionalism and continue to enforce new ones
• Unify leisure service fields

Gaming Industry

• Various activities, including casinos, sports gambling, dog tracks, horse tracks, and a variety of events

Gaming Entertainment

• A subset of gambling and the game industry
• Encompasses a casino, hotel, shopping, and other entertainment options
• Offers games of risk as part of entertainment and leisure
• Brings together many different gamblers who will stay and enjoy the stay as part of an event in the casino

Gaming and Facilities Found Inside the Casino

• Table Games involve either bets or wagers between gaming customers and employees
  • Includes, craps, poker, dice, etc
• Card game are different from table games in the sense that players are wagering and betting agains each other, not the house
  • Blackjack, baccarat, poker, etc
• Slots feature simulated and reel-spinning action with button or handle activation
  • Computer and digital programs simulate random numbers against pay-offs
• Video games feature video poker bingo and keno that are based around random numbers
• Keno and bingos both are operated via random number generators
• Races and sports books involve a wide variety of different sports to gauge
• Casino cage involves all customer funding and financial resources during the event
• The casinos watch for any bad actors to step in
• Facilities for restaurants, showrooms, bars, entertainment centers, and lodging facilities enhance casino patron's visit

Reasons for Visiting Casinos

• A Lure to Gambling such as wagers and or enter games of skill and chance
• Recreation and entertainment, an escape that draws excitement
• Interacting with customers and casino employees is an important social experience
• The price attracts people to participate and gamble
• Today's mega resorts attract tourist visits due to must see facilities

Amenity Offerings

• Hotels, salons, spas, and amusement parks draw people to casinos

MICE

• MICE represents meetings, incentives, convention and events

Goals of MICE

• Promote ideas together and create new ones
• Create better atmospheres and experiences
• Allow for more opportunities in business style settings
• Create new events or memories
  • Seminars, conferences, and exhibits are all examples of the four pillars of MICE

Meetings

• A series of single day events held in hotels or convention centers with sizes that vary depending on business or executives

Types of Meetings

• Clinic is more like a workshop
  • Participants will interact with each other
• Seminars and forums where professionals can better gather
• Colloquiums: formal discussions
• Lectures: Expert addressing a niche audience
• Panels: Speakers all stating different points of view, may include more than two people

Conventions

• Consist of meetings or trade shows with a lot of events and exhibitions
  • Networking awards shows are a part of these type of meetings
• It is designed to draw more visitors
• Used to drive new business pitches as well

Factors of MICE

• CVB and meetings and visitors buearu
• Meetings and vendors and other types of associations
• A lot of special events that can be either product launches, corporate events, or general meetings

The Trade

• Travel is defined as reselling other products that are bought and or or reserved from other people
• The structure is built to book sales
• People make reservations or attract people to make travel arrangements

Travel includes the use of a personal agents

• Travel agents provide and sell airlines, cruises, or hotels
• Some other people run operations through other vendors

The travel trade can help open up new markets

• Attract more businesses and visitors and explore the market

To grow new business solutions it is required to manage

• Customers
• Identify problems and profile and survey customers