Topical Fluorides and Treatments
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended application interval for Fluoride Varnish in high-risk patients?

  • Every 3 months
  • Every 12 months (correct)
  • Every 4 months
  • Every 6 months (correct)

What is the primary source of fluoride in Fluoride Varnish?

  • Sodium fluoride (correct)
  • Potassium fluoride
  • Stannous fluoride
  • Calcium fluoride

Fluoride Varnish is particularly effective for which age group?

  • Children under 6 years old (correct)
  • Adults over 65 years old
  • Young adults (18-25 years old)
  • Teenagers

Fluoride Varnish is applied to teeth using which tools?

<p>Brush, probe, or applicator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate fluoride concentration in Fluoride Varnish?

<p>2.26% (22,600 ppm F) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which Fluoride Varnish helps prevent tooth decay?

<p>Strengthening tooth enamel by increasing mineral content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After application, patients are advised to avoid eating, drinking, and cleaning their teeth for how long?

<p>2-3 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as contributing to the cost-effectiveness of Fluoride Varnish programs?

<p>Effectiveness in low-risk populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using high fluoride toothpaste (HFT) such as Duraphat 5,000 ppm toothpaste?

<p>It has a superior anticaries effect compared to low-fluoride toothpaste. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate use of HFT toothpaste for adults?

<p>Apply 1 cm of paste, brush for 1-2 minutes, and spit out without rinsing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is high fluoride toothpaste particularly recommended for?

<p>High-risk individuals and patients with active disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should HFT toothpaste be kept out of reach of children?

<p>Excessive fluoride exposure can lead to toxicity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of HFT requires further evaluation for high-risk groups?

<p>The cost-effectiveness of its use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for topical application of fluoride varnish by dental professionals?

<p>2-4 times per year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population is NOT considered a target for fluoride varnish application?

<p>Affluent individuals with high health literacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluoride varnish is suitable for which age group?

<p>All age groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the application of fluoride varnish?

<p>It should only be used in children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fluoride varnish is true?

<p>Fluoride varnish is safe for use in various populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard fluoride concentration found in most over-the-counter toothpaste?

<p>1,000-1,500 ppm F (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should fluoride toothpaste be applied for effective use?

<p>Approximately 1 cm on the toothbrush head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevented fraction in permanent teeth when using fluoride toothpaste compared to placebo?

<p>24% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk associated with fluoride ingestion in children under three years of age?

<p>Dental fluorosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended amount of toothpaste for children under two years old?

<p>A smear layer or grain of rice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is fluoride toothpaste considered a cost-effective preventive measure?

<p>It is self-applied and affordable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fluoride concentration defines high fluoride toothpaste (HFT)?

<p>2,800–5,000 ppm F (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should fluoride toothpaste be applied for optimal dental health?

<p>Twice a day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the caries preventive effect of fluoride mouth rinses compared to a placebo?

<p>27% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluoride mouth rinse has the highest fluoride ppm?

<p>PreviDent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is fluoride mouth rinse particularly cost-effective?

<p>In areas with low fluoride exposure and low socio-economic status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of using stannous fluoride gel?

<p>Has an unpleasant taste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluoride concentration is used in the weekly school fluoride rinsing programs in non-fluoridated areas?

<p>0.2% sodium fluoride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of sodium fluoride gel?

<p>7.0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most suitable for home-use fluoride mouth rinses?

<p>Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fluoride in preventing tooth decay during the 'post-eruptive' stage?

<p>Fluoride strengthens existing enamel by replacing hydroxyl ions with fluoride ions, making it more resistant to acid attacks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

HFT Toothpaste

High fluoride toothpaste (5,000 ppm F) used for caries prevention.

Dosage Instructions

Apply 1 cm of HFT to brush for 1-2 minutes, twice daily.

Efficacy of HFT

HFT shows a superior anticaries effect compared to low-fluoride toothpaste.

Use Restriction for Children

Not recommended for children under 16; keep out of reach.

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Cost-effectiveness of HFT

HFT is more expensive but cost-effective versus professional treatments.

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Target populations for fluoride varnish

Communities with low socio-economy, low health literacy, and high-risk individuals

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Fluoride varnish application frequency

Recommended to be applied by dental professionals 2-4 times per year

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Safety of fluoride varnish

Fluoride varnish is safe and suitable for all age groups

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Fluoride varnish benefits

Helps prevent dental caries in children and adolescents

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Fluoride varnish application

Topical application conducted by dental professionals

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Fluoride toothpaste

A toothpaste containing 1,000-1,500 ppm of fluoride for caries prevention.

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Low fluoride options

Toothpaste with lower fluoride levels, suitable for young children.

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High fluoride toothpaste (HFT)

Toothpaste containing more than 1,500 ppm of fluoride, typically 2,800 to 5,000 ppm.

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Toothpaste usage instruction

Apply about 1 cm and brush for 2 minutes, twice daily.

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Prevented fraction in teeth

Daily fluoride toothpaste can prevent 24% of caries compared to placebo.

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Fluoride ingestion risk

Excess fluoride in young children may lead to dental fluorosis.

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Cost-effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste

Fluoride toothpaste is an outstanding self-applied preventive measure.

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Personalized fluoride regimens

Fluoride use should be tailored based on individual risk assessments.

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Fluoride Varnish

A resin-based product containing 2.26% fluoride that adheres to teeth for prolonged fluoride release.

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Mechanism of FV

Fluoride varnish helps prevent mineral loss and enhances remineralization to combat early carious lesions.

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Application process

Fluoride varnish is applied after cleaning and drying teeth with a brush or probe.

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Timing of FV

Patients are advised not to eat, drink, or clean teeth for a few hours after the varnish is applied.

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Frequency of application

Moderate-risk patients receive FV every 6 months; high-risk patients every 3 months.

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Effectiveness in caries protection

FV provides caries protection of 43% in young permanent teeth and 37% in primary teeth.

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Suitable for children

Fluoride varnish is the only high-fluoride product safe for children under six.

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Pre-eruptive fluoride action

Fluoride influences tooth development before eruption.

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Post-eruptive fluoride action

Fluoride helps in maintaining tooth health after eruption.

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Calcium fluoride deposits

Deposits that release fluoride and calcium in enamel fluid.

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Fluorapatite

More acid-resistant form of hydroxyapatite due to fluoride adsorption.

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Demineralization inhibition

Fluoride prevents tooth structure loss during acid exposure.

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Salivary buffers

Components in saliva that neutralize acids and aid remineralization.

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Iso-ionic exchange

Replacement of hydroxide ions in apatite by fluoride ions.

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Fluoridated apatite

Newly formed mineral from fluoride that is resistant to acids.

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Fluoride Mouth Rinsing (FMR)

A preventive dental health measure using fluoride rinses to reduce caries in children and adolescents.

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Caries Preventive Effect

FMR shows a 27% reduction in caries compared to placebo in clinical trials.

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Cost-Effectiveness of FMR

FMR is particularly cost-effective in communities with low fluoride exposure and low socio-economic status.

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School-Based Fluoride Rinse Program

Weekly fluoride rinses of 0.2% sodium fluoride prescribed for non-fluoridated areas.

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Types of Fluoride

Fluoride mouth rinses include Sodium Fluoride (NaF) and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) in various concentrations.

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Professionally-Applied Topical Fluoride

Fluoride varnishes, gels, or foams applied by dental professionals to at-risk individuals.

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Fluoride Gel Concentration

Available in different concentrations, such as 2% sodium fluoride or 1.23% APF.

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Fluoride Rinse Safety

Fluoride mouth rinses are safe for use in appropriate doses among various age groups.

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Study Notes

Topical Fluorides

  • Topical fluorides are applied to teeth after they erupt. High concentrations are used.
  • Effects are short-lived compared to systemic fluoride.
  • No risk of fluorosis (dental fluorosis).

Methods of Delivery

  • Professionally applied: Fluoride solutions/gels/foams, fluoride varnish, and fluoride prophylactic pastes.
  • Home/self-applied: Fluoridated toothpastes (various concentrations), fluoride mouth rinses.
  • Professional application is generally more effective than home use.

Fluoride Toxicity

  • Acute: Small amounts cause stomach irritation, nausea, vomiting; large amounts may lead to serious systemic toxic effects and even death.
  • Possible Toxic Dose (PTD): 5 mg F/kg body weight .
  • Overexposure should be treated with milk and rapid referral to A&E.

Fluoride Varnish (FV)

  • Resin-based product containing 5% sodium fluoride (22,600 ppm fluoride).
  • Slow fluoride release.
  • Strengthens tooth enamel and prevents mineral loss.
  • Improves remineralization of early carious lesions.
  • Application by dental professionals, as appropriate.

Fluoride Gel

  • Professional application.
  • Various types available (e.g., 8% stannous fluoride (19,500 ppm), acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) (12,300 ppm), sodium fluoride (9,050 ppm)).
  • Stannous fluoride gel has a bitter metallic taste.
  • Increased fluoride uptake for patients with fixed prostheses.

Fluoride Toothpaste

  • Available over-the-counter in various concentrations.
  • Standard fluoride toothpaste contains 1,000-1,500 ppm fluoride.
  • Higher concentrations are recommended by professionals for certain individuals.
  • Helps prevent dental caries (cavities) by interacting with tooth structures and the oral biofilm.
  • Lower concentrations may be less effective over the course of a lifetime.

Fluoride Mouth Rinse (FMR)

  • Neutral water solutions containing sodium fluoride (various concentrations, 0.05-0.2% or 230-900 ppm).
  • Swishing for 1 minute.
  • Not to be swallowed.
  • Home or clinical use.
  • Cost-effectiveness is higher in communities with low fluoride exposure.
  • Recommended for daily use for high-risk individuals, including those with orthodontic treatment, and dry mouth patients.

High Fluoride Toothpaste (HFT)

  • Contains 2800-5000 ppm fluoride.
  • Available over-the-counter (variable by country)
  • Used the same way as regular fluoride toothpaste.
  • Preferred for high-risk individuals.

School-Based Fluoride Rinse Programs

  • Fluoride mouth rinse containing 0.2% sodium fluoride.
  • Non-fluoridated areas.
  • Daily applications and/or procedures.

Clinical Application

  • Professionals should monitor risk factors & patient health.
  • Professional application methods are more effective for high-risk patients.

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Topical Fluorides PDF

Description

This quiz covers the application and effects of topical fluorides, including methods of delivery and the risks associated with fluoride toxicity. Learn about fluoride varnish and its benefits for dental health. Test your knowledge on this essential aspect of preventative dentistry.

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