Anticaries, antiplaque, anti-gingivitis agents INFLAM
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Questions and Answers

Which concentration of topical fluoride provides a driving force to penetrate the dental biofilm and concentrate it into areas with early lesions?

  • 5000 ppm
  • 1000 ppm
  • <2500 ppm
  • >2500 ppm (correct)

    • What is the main mechanism of action of topical fluoride on enamel?

  • Decrease in demineralization and increase in remineralization (correct)
  • Decrease in remineralization
  • Decrease in both demineralization and remineralization
  • Increase in demineralization

    • How does higher concentrations of fluoride affect the retention of fluoride in the oral cavity?

  • Higher concentrations have no effect on the retention
  • Higher concentrations cause immediate excretion
  • Higher concentrations decrease the retention
  • Higher concentrations prolong the retention (correct)

    • What is the possible antibacterial effect of fluoride?

    <p>Inhibiting the bacterial enzyme, enolase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does fluorapatite resist acid degradation better than biologic enamel?

    <p>Fluorapatite resists acid degradation better than biologic enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of fluoride toxicity on bone?

    <p>Increased osteoblast activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does excess fluoride (fluoride toxicity) affect the organization of newly laid down bone?

    <p>It becomes disorganized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can fluoride have on the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?

    <p>It increases PTH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of increased PTH release caused by fluoride?

    <p>Increased bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can fluoride affect the susceptibility to osteoporosis in the elderly?

    <p>It increases the susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with fluoride toxicity on bone?

    <p>Increased bone brittleness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can fluoride toxicity on bone lead to over time?

    <p>Increased bone fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential cosmetic treatment for fluorosis?

    <p>Both tooth bleaching and veneers placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual intake of fluoride per day?

    <p>1-3 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lethal dose of fluoride per day?

    <p>5-10 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acute toxicity of fluoride occur?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is recommended to see a dentist every 3 months for evaluation of oral health?

    <p>Diabetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can periodontal disease cause in pregnant women?

    <p>Pre-term labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patients can develop gingivitis due to herpes simplex virus (HSV)?

    <p>HIV patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of using medications like anti-convulsants and cyclosporine and calcium channel blocking drugs?

    <p>Overgrowth of gingiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can anti-plaque mouthwashes be used to replace mechanical toothbrushing?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can periodontal disease contribute to in diabetics?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patients may require the use of acyclovir for oral lesions?

    <p>HIV patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of toothbrush would be better suited for mentally or physically-handicapped patients who are unable to brush their teeth themselves?

    <p>Electric toothbrush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should an ultrasonic toothbrush be used transiently?

    <p>After subgingival scaling and root planing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic benefit of using anti-plaque mouthwashes for patients with subgingival inflammation?

    <p>It has no therapeutic benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for patients with subgingival inflammation?

    <p>Professional cleaning by subgingival scaling and root planing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be noted about the use of anti-plaque mouthwashes for patients with subgingival inflammation?

    <p>They will not achieve therapeutic benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adjunct therapy for periodontal disease?

    <p>Systemic antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of benzophenanthridines in dental hygiene products?

    <p>Disrupting the bacterial cell wall or membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOA of biguanide antiseptics like chlorhexidine?

    <p>Damaging the bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chlorhexidine?

    <p>Poor absorption by the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of fluoride toxicity on bone?

    <p>Increased PTH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of chlorhexidine rinse?

    <p>Formation of a brown extrinsic stain on the teeth and tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended waiting time after brushing the teeth before using a chlorhexidine rinse?

    <p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect of chlorhexidine rinse?

    <p>Ingestion of chlorhexidine by a small child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can ingestion of chlorhexidine by a small child result in?

    <p>Gastric distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible side effect of chlorhexidine rinse?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following products contains chlorhexidine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should Peridex® rinse be used?

    <p>Twice daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of use for chlorhexidine in normal periodontal patients?

    <p>Up to 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiseptic has anti-inflammatory activity due to its anti-oxidative activity?

    <p>Phenolic antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients using chlorhexidine avoid tea, coffee, and red wine?

    <p>They can cause staining of the teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiseptic is less effective than chlorhexidine due to having only one cationic site?

    <p>Cetylpyridinium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can high concentrations of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) over time induce?

    <p>Staining of the teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiseptic has a poor effect in plaque inhibition?

    <p>Cetylpyridinium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiseptic is a prototypical example of phenolic antiseptics?

    <p>Listerine®</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does triclosan block to inhibit fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>ENR enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential concern associated with the use of triclosan?

    <p>Endocrine disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of oxygenating agents?

    <p>Producing ROS and degrading protein and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in children or those with alcohol addiction?

    <p>Alcohol-containing mouthwashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested mode of action of delmopinol?

    <p>Inhibiting bacterial adherence to the tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential issue with prolonged use of iodophors?

    <p>Iodine sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of halogens and halogen-releasing compounds?

    <p>Degrading protein and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active ingredients in several antiplaque or anti-gingivitis agent?

    <p>Chlorophors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is typically used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing for untreated chronic periodontitis?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic can serve as an alternative for those with allergies to penicillin or penicillin-resistant infections?

    <p>Clindamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic blocks cell wall synthesis in Gram+ bacteria and is useful for prevention of dental plaque after periodontal surgery?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mouth rinse is recommended for those who cannot brush their teeth?

    <p>Chlorhexidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to antibiotics, what is another important factor in the treatment of infected tissue?

    <p>Proper drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patients may require the use of antibiotics in dental treatment?

    <p>Immunocompromised patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic can be used as an alternative for those with allergies to penicillin or penicillin-resistant infections?

    <p>Clindamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is a glycopeptide antibiotic that blocks cell wall synthesis in Gram+ bacteria?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the suggested mode of action of delmopinol?

    <p>Inhibiting bacterial adherence to the tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical first line treatment for untreated chronic periodontitis, used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the best procedure for disrupting dental biofilm?

    <p>Mechanical toothbrushing with fluoride-based toothpastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fluoride in treating dental caries?

    <p>It resists acid degradation compared to calcium hydroxyapatite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why antibiotics may not be useful if the tissue has become necrotic?

    <p>The antibiotic cannot reach the site of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should systemic antibiotics be used in dental treatment?

    <p>As an adjunctive to tooth scaling and root planing</p> Signup and view all the answers

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