BSMLS 3F Mycology & Virology: Togavirus & Flavivirus
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of viral multiplication in susceptible vertebrate hosts?

  • Fibroblasts and monocyte-derived macrophages
  • Endothelial cells and fibroblasts
  • Myeloid and lymphoid cells, and vascular endothelium (correct)
  • Epithelial cells

    • What is the role of E1 protein in the CHKV virus?

  • Secretion of Type 1 interferon
  • Transcription of cytokines and chemokines
  • A class II viral fusion protein (correct)
  • Mediates cell attachment

    • What is the typical incubation period of CHKV?

  • 2-4 days (correct)
  • 5-7 days
  • 1-2 days
  • 7-10 days

    • Which of the following is NOT a major host of CHKV?

    <p>Mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Type 1 interferon (IFN) in CHKV infection?

    <p>Triggers the activation of an innate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vector of CHKV transmission?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical route of CHKV infection?

    <p>Through an infected mosquito bite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of CHKV genome?

    <p>Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of E2 protein in CHKV virus?

    <p>Mediates cell attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of CHKV infection?

    <p>Mild to moderate disease with joint pain and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size of the Louis encephalitis virus?

    <p>40-60 nm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cell type where viral replication takes place in a DENV infection?

    <p>Mononuclear phagocyte lineage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the incubation period of DENV?

    <p>3-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vector responsible for transmitting DENV?

    <p>Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of infected macrophages in DENV infection?

    <p>They produce signaling proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to detect DENV-specific IgM in serum or CSF?

    <p>Microsphere-based immunoassays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a high viral load in severe DENV cases?

    <p>Viremia affecting many vital organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cross-reactivity in making a diagnosis of DENV infection?

    <p>It may occur within the alphavirus or flavivirus group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the status of a vaccine for treating Chikungunya virus infection?

    <p>There is currently no vaccine available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of collecting two serum samples in diagnosing DENV infection?

    <p>To determine if the patient has developed antibodies against the causative agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cases exhibit joint pain as a clinical manifestation?

    <p>92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of recovery from joint pain in dengue fever?

    <p>1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of preventing the spread of dengue fever?

    <p>Removing stagnant water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of infection in pregnant women?

    <p>Infection of the developing fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of viruses that includes dengue fever?

    <p>Flaviviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of virus that causes dengue fever?

    <p>RNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of infection in individuals with underlying conditions?

    <p>Increased risk of complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of infection in individuals who recover from dengue fever?

    <p>Immunity to future infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of the virus that causes dengue fever?

    <p>Flavivirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of infection in individuals who are infected later in pregnancy?

    <p>Splenomegaly and osteomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the protein capsid of the poliovirus?

    <p>Icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the RNA genome of the poliovirus?

    <p>7.2–8.4 kb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the protein VPg in the poliovirus?

    <p>Genome linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the destruction of motor neurons in poliomyelitis?

    <p>Distinctive paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many poliovirus serotypes are there?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of rotavirus infection in infants and children?

    <p>Watery stool formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of three proteins in viral envelope formation?

    <p>Matrix protein, Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, and Fusion protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of paramyxoviruses?

    <p>Syncytial formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the viral genome of paramyxoviruses?

    <p>15 kb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphology of paramyxoviruses?

    <p>Spherical and pleomorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people infected with Poliovirus exhibit flu-like symptoms?

    <p>About 25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical site of viral replication in Poliovirus infection?

    <p>Oropharynx and GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most virulent and common type of Poliovirus?

    <p>Type 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CDC laboratories in Poliovirus infection diagnosis?

    <p>Conducting testing, including culture and genome sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of detecting Poliovirus in infected individuals?

    <p>Viral culture of stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why confirmation of rhinovirus infection is rarely required?

    <p>It is very common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Rotavirus?

    <p>Wheel-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range of individuals affected by Rotavirus in temperate climates?

    <p>Infants and young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stability of Rotavirus in terms of temperature and pH?

    <p>Stable at 50 deg C and pH 3.0-9.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country is Rotavirus Group A common regardless of the climate?

    <p>Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site where the virus replicates and shows syncytia?

    <p>Reticuloendothelial system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the secondary viremia?

    <p>The virus reaches and infects epithelial surfaces throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of preventing the spread of measles?

    <p>Immunization with the MMR vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of hard measles?

    <p>Acute, highly infectious, and characterized by fever, respiratory symptoms, and a maculopapular rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the reticuloendothelial system in measles?

    <p>To harbor immune cells and allow the virus to replicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of Group B Coxsackie infection in neonates?

    <p>Fatal myocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of pleurodynia caused by Group B Coxsackie infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of Group B Coxsackie infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of Group B Coxsackie infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method used for nucleic acid detection of Group B Coxsackie infection?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Rhinovirus?

    <p>Icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many serotypes of Rhinovirus are known?

    <p>150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the receptor for Rhinovirus?

    <p>ICAM-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Rhinovirus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common complication of Rhinovirus infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of Rhinovirus replication?

    <p>Epithelial cells of the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Rhinovirus on the Eustachian tube?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of RNA genome of Rhinovirus?

    <p>Positive-sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Rhinovirus proteins?

    <p>Acid-labile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Rhinovirus infection in individuals with underlying conditions?

    <p>Asthma exacerbation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the genome of Picornaviridae?

    <p>Positive-sense ssRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the protein VPg in the poliovirus?

    <p>Linked to the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the destruction of motor neurons in poliomyelitis?

    <p>Distinctive paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the icosahedral protein capsid of the poliovirus?

    <p>30 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many poliovirus serotypes are there?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of watery stool in rotavirus infection?

    <p>Increase in calcium levels affecting electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the three proteins in viral envelope formation in rotavirus?

    <p>Participate in viral envelope formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why confirmation of rhinovirus infection is rarely required?

    <p>It is a very common infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of paramyxoviruses?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Rotavirus?

    <p>Wheel-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of rotavirus infection in infants and children?

    <p>Severe dehydration and hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which climate is Rotavirus Group A common in the Philippines?

    <p>Regardless of the climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to identify rotavirus?

    <p>PCR and ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stability of Rotavirus in terms of temperature?

    <p>Stable at 50°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Rotavirus?

    <p>Nonenveloped, double-stranded RNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of Group B Coxsackie infection in neonates?

    <p>Fatal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to detect Group B Coxsackie?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common complication of Group B Coxsackie infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of Group B Coxsackie?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical manifestation of Group B Coxsackie infection?

    <p>Fever, stabbing chest pain, malaise, headache, and anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site where the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) replicates and leads to a secondary viremia?

    <p>Reticuloendothelial system (RES)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?

    <p>Fever, respiratory symptoms, and maculopapular rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of people infected with Poliovirus that exhibit flu-like symptoms?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of detecting Poliovirus in infected individuals?

    <p>Culture of throat and feces samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of preventing the spread of Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?

    <p>Immunization with the MMR Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is NOT affected by the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the genome of Picornaviruses?

    <p>It is a single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of viral replication in Poliovirus infection?

    <p>Oropharynx and GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group recommended to receive the MMR Vaccine?

    <p>1-year-old infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of virus that is most virulent and common among the Picornaviruses?

    <p>Type 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

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