100 Questions
What is the primary site of viral multiplication in susceptible vertebrate hosts?
Myeloid and lymphoid cells, and vascular endothelium
What is the role of E1 protein in the CHKV virus?
A class II viral fusion protein
What is the typical incubation period of CHKV?
2-4 days
Which of the following is NOT a major host of CHKV?
Mosquitoes
What is the role of Type 1 interferon (IFN) in CHKV infection?
Triggers the activation of an innate immune response
What is the primary vector of CHKV transmission?
Both A and B
What is the typical route of CHKV infection?
Through an infected mosquito bite
What is the characteristic feature of CHKV genome?
Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA
What is the role of E2 protein in CHKV virus?
Mediates cell attachment
What is the typical outcome of CHKV infection?
Mild to moderate disease with joint pain and fever
What is the typical size of the Louis encephalitis virus?
40-60 nm in diameter
What is the primary cell type where viral replication takes place in a DENV infection?
Mononuclear phagocyte lineage
What is the duration of the incubation period of DENV?
3-14 days
What is the primary vector responsible for transmitting DENV?
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
What is the role of infected macrophages in DENV infection?
They produce signaling proteins
What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to detect DENV-specific IgM in serum or CSF?
Microsphere-based immunoassays
What is the consequence of a high viral load in severe DENV cases?
Viremia affecting many vital organs
What is the significance of cross-reactivity in making a diagnosis of DENV infection?
It may occur within the alphavirus or flavivirus group
What is the status of a vaccine for treating Chikungunya virus infection?
There is currently no vaccine available
What is the significance of collecting two serum samples in diagnosing DENV infection?
To determine if the patient has developed antibodies against the causative agent
What percentage of cases exhibit joint pain as a clinical manifestation?
92%
What is the duration of recovery from joint pain in dengue fever?
1 week
What is the primary method of preventing the spread of dengue fever?
Removing stagnant water
What is the consequence of infection in pregnant women?
Infection of the developing fetus
What is the family of viruses that includes dengue fever?
Flaviviridae
What is the type of virus that causes dengue fever?
RNA virus
What is the consequence of infection in individuals with underlying conditions?
Increased risk of complications
What is the result of infection in individuals who recover from dengue fever?
Immunity to future infections
What is the common name of the virus that causes dengue fever?
Flavivirus
What is the consequence of infection in individuals who are infected later in pregnancy?
Splenomegaly and osteomyelitis
What is the shape of the protein capsid of the poliovirus?
Icosahedral
What is the size of the RNA genome of the poliovirus?
7.2–8.4 kb
What is the function of the protein VPg in the poliovirus?
Genome linkage
What is the consequence of the destruction of motor neurons in poliomyelitis?
Distinctive paralysis
How many poliovirus serotypes are there?
3
What is the consequence of rotavirus infection in infants and children?
Watery stool formation
What is the role of three proteins in viral envelope formation?
Matrix protein, Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, and Fusion protein
What is the characteristic feature of paramyxoviruses?
Syncytial formation
What is the size of the viral genome of paramyxoviruses?
15 kb
What is the morphology of paramyxoviruses?
Spherical and pleomorphic
What percentage of people infected with Poliovirus exhibit flu-like symptoms?
About 25%
What is the typical site of viral replication in Poliovirus infection?
Oropharynx and GIT
What is the most virulent and common type of Poliovirus?
Type 1
What is the role of CDC laboratories in Poliovirus infection diagnosis?
Conducting testing, including culture and genome sequencing
What is the primary method of detecting Poliovirus in infected individuals?
Viral culture of stool
What is the main reason why confirmation of rhinovirus infection is rarely required?
It is very common
What is the shape of the Rotavirus?
Wheel-like
What is the typical age range of individuals affected by Rotavirus in temperate climates?
Infants and young children
What is the stability of Rotavirus in terms of temperature and pH?
Stable at 50 deg C and pH 3.0-9.0
In which country is Rotavirus Group A common regardless of the climate?
Philippines
What is the primary site where the virus replicates and shows syncytia?
Reticuloendothelial system
What is the consequence of the secondary viremia?
The virus reaches and infects epithelial surfaces throughout the body
What is the primary method of preventing the spread of measles?
Immunization with the MMR vaccine
What is the characteristic feature of hard measles?
Acute, highly infectious, and characterized by fever, respiratory symptoms, and a maculopapular rash
What is the role of the reticuloendothelial system in measles?
To harbor immune cells and allow the virus to replicate
What is a complication of Group B Coxsackie infection in neonates?
Fatal myocarditis
What is a symptom of pleurodynia caused by Group B Coxsackie infection?
All of the above
What is a specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of Group B Coxsackie infection?
All of the above
What is a complication of Group B Coxsackie infection?
All of the above
What is a method used for nucleic acid detection of Group B Coxsackie infection?
Both a and b
What is the shape of the Rhinovirus?
Icosahedral
How many serotypes of Rhinovirus are known?
150
What is the receptor for Rhinovirus?
ICAM-1
What is the mode of transmission of Rhinovirus?
All of the above
What is the common complication of Rhinovirus infection?
All of the above
What is the site of Rhinovirus replication?
Epithelial cells of the nose
What is the effect of Rhinovirus on the Eustachian tube?
All of the above
What is the type of RNA genome of Rhinovirus?
Positive-sense
What is the characteristic of Rhinovirus proteins?
Acid-labile
What is the result of Rhinovirus infection in individuals with underlying conditions?
Asthma exacerbation
What is the characteristic feature of the genome of Picornaviridae?
Positive-sense ssRNA
What is the function of the protein VPg in the poliovirus?
Linked to the genome
What is the consequence of the destruction of motor neurons in poliomyelitis?
Distinctive paralysis
What is the diameter of the icosahedral protein capsid of the poliovirus?
30 nm
How many poliovirus serotypes are there?
3
What is the primary cause of watery stool in rotavirus infection?
Increase in calcium levels affecting electrolytes
What is the role of the three proteins in viral envelope formation in rotavirus?
Participate in viral envelope formation
What is the primary reason why confirmation of rhinovirus infection is rarely required?
It is a very common infection
What is the characteristic feature of paramyxoviruses?
All of the above
What is the shape of the Rotavirus?
Wheel-like
What is the consequence of rotavirus infection in infants and children?
Severe dehydration and hospitalization
In which climate is Rotavirus Group A common in the Philippines?
Regardless of the climate
What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to identify rotavirus?
PCR and ELISA
What is the stability of Rotavirus in terms of temperature?
Stable at 50°C
What is the characteristic feature of Rotavirus?
Nonenveloped, double-stranded RNA virus
What is the typical outcome of Group B Coxsackie infection in neonates?
Fatal infection
What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to detect Group B Coxsackie?
All of the above
What is the common complication of Group B Coxsackie infection?
All of the above
What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of Group B Coxsackie?
All of the above
What is the clinical manifestation of Group B Coxsackie infection?
Fever, stabbing chest pain, malaise, headache, and anorexia
What is the primary site where the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) replicates and leads to a secondary viremia?
Reticuloendothelial system (RES)
What is the characteristic feature of the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?
Fever, respiratory symptoms, and maculopapular rash
What is the approximate percentage of people infected with Poliovirus that exhibit flu-like symptoms?
25%
What is the primary method of detecting Poliovirus in infected individuals?
Culture of throat and feces samples
What is the primary method of preventing the spread of Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?
Immunization with the MMR Vaccine
Which of the following organs is NOT affected by the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?
Kidney
What is the characteristic feature of the genome of Picornaviruses?
It is a single-stranded RNA
What is the primary site of viral replication in Poliovirus infection?
Oropharynx and GIT
What is the age group recommended to receive the MMR Vaccine?
1-year-old infants
What is the type of virus that is most virulent and common among the Picornaviruses?
Type 1
This quiz covers the characteristics and replication of Togavirus and Flavivirus, including their incubation period, virus families, and effects on the host.
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