BSMLS 3F Mycology & Virology: Togavirus & Flavivirus
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of viral multiplication in susceptible vertebrate hosts?

  • Fibroblasts and monocyte-derived macrophages
  • Endothelial cells and fibroblasts
  • Myeloid and lymphoid cells, and vascular endothelium (correct)
  • Epithelial cells

What is the role of E1 protein in the CHKV virus?

  • Secretion of Type 1 interferon
  • Transcription of cytokines and chemokines
  • A class II viral fusion protein (correct)
  • Mediates cell attachment

What is the typical incubation period of CHKV?

  • 2-4 days (correct)
  • 5-7 days
  • 1-2 days
  • 7-10 days

Which of the following is NOT a major host of CHKV?

<p>Mosquitoes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Type 1 interferon (IFN) in CHKV infection?

<p>Triggers the activation of an innate immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary vector of CHKV transmission?

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical route of CHKV infection?

<p>Through an infected mosquito bite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of CHKV genome?

<p>Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of E2 protein in CHKV virus?

<p>Mediates cell attachment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of CHKV infection?

<p>Mild to moderate disease with joint pain and fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size of the Louis encephalitis virus?

<p>40-60 nm in diameter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cell type where viral replication takes place in a DENV infection?

<p>Mononuclear phagocyte lineage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the incubation period of DENV?

<p>3-14 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary vector responsible for transmitting DENV?

<p>Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of infected macrophages in DENV infection?

<p>They produce signaling proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to detect DENV-specific IgM in serum or CSF?

<p>Microsphere-based immunoassays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a high viral load in severe DENV cases?

<p>Viremia affecting many vital organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cross-reactivity in making a diagnosis of DENV infection?

<p>It may occur within the alphavirus or flavivirus group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of a vaccine for treating Chikungunya virus infection?

<p>There is currently no vaccine available (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of collecting two serum samples in diagnosing DENV infection?

<p>To determine if the patient has developed antibodies against the causative agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cases exhibit joint pain as a clinical manifestation?

<p>92% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of recovery from joint pain in dengue fever?

<p>1 week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of preventing the spread of dengue fever?

<p>Removing stagnant water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of infection in pregnant women?

<p>Infection of the developing fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the family of viruses that includes dengue fever?

<p>Flaviviridae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of virus that causes dengue fever?

<p>RNA virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of infection in individuals with underlying conditions?

<p>Increased risk of complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of infection in individuals who recover from dengue fever?

<p>Immunity to future infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name of the virus that causes dengue fever?

<p>Flavivirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of infection in individuals who are infected later in pregnancy?

<p>Splenomegaly and osteomyelitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the protein capsid of the poliovirus?

<p>Icosahedral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the RNA genome of the poliovirus?

<p>7.2–8.4 kb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the protein VPg in the poliovirus?

<p>Genome linkage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the destruction of motor neurons in poliomyelitis?

<p>Distinctive paralysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many poliovirus serotypes are there?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of rotavirus infection in infants and children?

<p>Watery stool formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of three proteins in viral envelope formation?

<p>Matrix protein, Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, and Fusion protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of paramyxoviruses?

<p>Syncytial formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the viral genome of paramyxoviruses?

<p>15 kb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of paramyxoviruses?

<p>Spherical and pleomorphic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people infected with Poliovirus exhibit flu-like symptoms?

<p>About 25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical site of viral replication in Poliovirus infection?

<p>Oropharynx and GIT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most virulent and common type of Poliovirus?

<p>Type 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CDC laboratories in Poliovirus infection diagnosis?

<p>Conducting testing, including culture and genome sequencing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of detecting Poliovirus in infected individuals?

<p>Viral culture of stool (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why confirmation of rhinovirus infection is rarely required?

<p>It is very common (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Rotavirus?

<p>Wheel-like (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range of individuals affected by Rotavirus in temperate climates?

<p>Infants and young children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stability of Rotavirus in terms of temperature and pH?

<p>Stable at 50 deg C and pH 3.0-9.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which country is Rotavirus Group A common regardless of the climate?

<p>Philippines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site where the virus replicates and shows syncytia?

<p>Reticuloendothelial system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the secondary viremia?

<p>The virus reaches and infects epithelial surfaces throughout the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of preventing the spread of measles?

<p>Immunization with the MMR vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of hard measles?

<p>Acute, highly infectious, and characterized by fever, respiratory symptoms, and a maculopapular rash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the reticuloendothelial system in measles?

<p>To harbor immune cells and allow the virus to replicate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of Group B Coxsackie infection in neonates?

<p>Fatal myocarditis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of pleurodynia caused by Group B Coxsackie infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of Group B Coxsackie infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of Group B Coxsackie infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method used for nucleic acid detection of Group B Coxsackie infection?

<p>Both a and b (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Rhinovirus?

<p>Icosahedral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many serotypes of Rhinovirus are known?

<p>150 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the receptor for Rhinovirus?

<p>ICAM-1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of Rhinovirus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication of Rhinovirus infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of Rhinovirus replication?

<p>Epithelial cells of the nose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Rhinovirus on the Eustachian tube?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of RNA genome of Rhinovirus?

<p>Positive-sense (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Rhinovirus proteins?

<p>Acid-labile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Rhinovirus infection in individuals with underlying conditions?

<p>Asthma exacerbation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the genome of Picornaviridae?

<p>Positive-sense ssRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the protein VPg in the poliovirus?

<p>Linked to the genome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the destruction of motor neurons in poliomyelitis?

<p>Distinctive paralysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the icosahedral protein capsid of the poliovirus?

<p>30 nm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many poliovirus serotypes are there?

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of watery stool in rotavirus infection?

<p>Increase in calcium levels affecting electrolytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the three proteins in viral envelope formation in rotavirus?

<p>Participate in viral envelope formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why confirmation of rhinovirus infection is rarely required?

<p>It is a very common infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of paramyxoviruses?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Rotavirus?

<p>Wheel-like (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of rotavirus infection in infants and children?

<p>Severe dehydration and hospitalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which climate is Rotavirus Group A common in the Philippines?

<p>Regardless of the climate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to identify rotavirus?

<p>PCR and ELISA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stability of Rotavirus in terms of temperature?

<p>Stable at 50°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Rotavirus?

<p>Nonenveloped, double-stranded RNA virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of Group B Coxsackie infection in neonates?

<p>Fatal infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory diagnosis method used to detect Group B Coxsackie?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication of Group B Coxsackie infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of Group B Coxsackie?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of Group B Coxsackie infection?

<p>Fever, stabbing chest pain, malaise, headache, and anorexia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site where the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) replicates and leads to a secondary viremia?

<p>Reticuloendothelial system (RES) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?

<p>Fever, respiratory symptoms, and maculopapular rash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of people infected with Poliovirus that exhibit flu-like symptoms?

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of detecting Poliovirus in infected individuals?

<p>Culture of throat and feces samples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of preventing the spread of Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?

<p>Immunization with the MMR Vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is NOT affected by the Morbillivirus (Rubeola or Measles virus) infection?

<p>Kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the genome of Picornaviruses?

<p>It is a single-stranded RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of viral replication in Poliovirus infection?

<p>Oropharynx and GIT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age group recommended to receive the MMR Vaccine?

<p>1-year-old infants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of virus that is most virulent and common among the Picornaviruses?

<p>Type 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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