T.L.E: Four Major Strands Overview

T.L.E: Four Major Strands

• T.L.E. (Technology, Livelihood Education) is composed of four major strands: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Agriculture, Home Economics, and Industrial Arts.
• ICT focuses on utilizing technology to enhance and support information delivery.
• Agriculture involves hands-on learning associated with cultivating crops and raising animals.
• Home Economics equips individuals with skills for managing a household effectively, covering areas like cooking, budgeting, and family relationships.
• Industrial Arts provides skills and knowledge related to the production, design, and repair of objects and systems using different tools and materials.

ICT: Fundamentals

• Computers are devices handling information and aiding communication.
• Computer Fundamentals cover the basics of utilizing digital devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets.
• Basic Fundamental Functions of a Computer:
  • Input: Data entered from devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners.
  • Output: Data processed in a human-readable form and sent to devices such as monitors and printers.
  • Processing: Manipulation of data by the computer's central processing unit (CPU).
  • Storage:
    • Primary Storage (Main Memory): Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile storage for temporary data.
    • Read-Only Memory (ROM): Stores permanent data and instructions.
    • Secondary Storage: Non-volatile storage for long-term data, including hard disk drives and pen drives.

Computer System

• Computer System Components:
  • Hardware: Physical components of the computer, including peripherals.
  • Software: Programs that provide instructions for the hardware.
  • Computer Users: Individuals who interact with the computer.
  • Data: Individual facts and information processed by the computer.
• Software Categories:
  • System Software: Programs enabling the computer's operation.
  • Application Software: Programs designed for specific tasks.

Agriculture: Backbone of the Economy

• Agriculture, derived from a Latin word, plays a crucial role in the Indian economy.
• Plant Propagation: Controlled reproduction of plants for perpetuating desired traits.
  • Sexual Propagation: Reproduction through seeds.
    • Seeds are dormant plants that develop into complete plants under suitable conditions.
    • Cuttings are sections of plants, like stems or branches, propagated for new plants.
    • Grafting involves combining the tissues of plants for desired trait transfer.
  • Asexual Propagation: Horticultural methods for reproducing plants without genetic change, using techniques like budding, layering, or division.
• Importance of Plant Propagation:
  • Preserving endangered plant species.
  • Improving plant quality and characteristics.
  • Producing quality plants for commercial purposes.

Farm Tools and Equipment

• Farm Tools: Simple, manually operated equipment for farming tasks.
• Farm Equipment: Machines powered by tractors for larger-scale agricultural work.

Hand Tools:

• Bolo
• Wheelbarrow
• Sickle
• Pick Mattock
• Rake
• Crowbar
• Spade (flat pala)
• Shovel (pala)

Farm Equipment:

• Hand Tractor
• Four Wheel Tractor
• Water Pump
• Combine Harvester

Animal Production

• Animal Production in agriculture involves breeding, care, and raising animals for human use.
• Types of Animal Production:
  • Livestock Production: Raising cattle, goats, sheep, pigs.
  • Poultry Production: Raising chickens, ducks, turkeys.
  • Swine Production: Raising pigs for pork production.
  • Aquaculture: Farming aquatic organisms like fish, shellfish, and crustaceans.
  • Dairy Production: Raising dairy animals, primarily cows, for milk production.
  • Beekeeping (Apiculture): Managing bees for products like honey and beeswax.

Home Economics

• Home Economics is the study of managing a household effectively.
• Purpose of Home Economics:
  • Developing skills for personal and family well-being.
  • Promoting life skills including cooking, budgeting, and home management.

Key areas of Home Economics:

• Nutrition and Food Preparation: Meal planning, cooking techniques, and understanding balanced diets.
• Textiles and Clothing: Basic sewing techniques and proper clothing care.
• Financial Management: Creating budgets and tracking expenses.
• Family Living: Building and maintaining strong family relationships.
• Housing and Interior Design: Organizing, cleaning, and maintaining a functional and aesthetically pleasing home.
• Consumer Education: Making informed choices about purchasing products and services.
• Child Development and Care: Understanding child development stages and meeting their needs.

Basic Life Skills

• Basic life skills are everyday abilities needed to manage daily tasks effectively.
• They equip individuals to handle challenges effectively, improving their quality of life.

Cosmetology

• Cosmetology involves the study and application of beauty treatments.
• Branches of Cosmetology:
  • Hair Styling: Cutting and styling hair.
  • Skin Care: Practices to support skin health and appearance.
  • Manicure/Pedicure: Nail care for hands and feet.
  • Non-Permanent Hair Removal (waxing): Pulling out hair roots.
  • Permanent Hair Removal (electrology, intense pulsed light): Treatments for permanent hair removal.
  • Nail Care: Maintenance of fingernails and toenails.

Industrial Arts

• Industrial Arts is the field encompassing the design, production, and application of objects and systems using tools, materials, and processes.

Carpentry

• Carpentry: Skilled trade involving working with wood to construct, install, and maintain various items.
• Carpentry tools:
  • Hammer Claw: Driving and pulling nails.
  • Copping Saw: Cutting shapes in wood.
  • Chisel: Shaping and carving wood.
  • Screwdriver: Driving and loosening screws.
  • Tenon Saw (gabas): Cutting wood straight.
  • Carpenter's Pencil: Marking on wood.
  • Tape Measure: Measuring for accuracy.
  • Utility Knife: Scoring, cutting, and trimming.
  • Level: Maintaining accuracy during construction.
  • Nail Set: Setting nails below the surface of wood.

Significance of Bruner and Gagne's Learning Theories

• Jerome Bruner's theory: Emphasizes active learning and construction of knowledge through experience.

  • Constructivist Approach: Students are active learners rather than passive recipients.
  • Spiral Curriculum: Revisiting subjects at increasing complexity throughout the course.
  • Discovery Learning: Learners experiment and discover knowledge independently.
  • Hands-on Learning: Emphasize practical experiences.
  • Scaffolding Skills: Teachers support student learning by providing guidance.
  • Encouraging Creativity: Fosters student-driven learning and innovation.

• Robert Gagne's Theory: Organizes learning tasks in a hierarchy, emphasizing structured skill acquisition and reinforcement.

  • Hierarchy of Learning Types: Learning progresses from simple to complex skills.
  • Nine Events of Instruction: Guides teachers through a structured learning process.
    • Gain attention
    • Recall prior knowledge
    • Present content
    • Provide guidance
    • Elicit performance
    • Assess performance
  • Learning Outcomes: Clearly defined goals for the learning process.

Combining Languages in EPP Curriculum

• Using Mother Tongue, Filipino, and English in the EPP curriculum is strategic for enhancing learning outcomes.
• Benefits:
  • Enhances understanding of concepts and skills.
  • Supports linguistic transition and competence.
  • Promotes inclusivity and accessibility for diverse learners.
  • Prepares students for future learning and workplaces.
  • Facilitates communication and collaboration.