T.L.E Review Notes PDF

**T.L.E** [FOUR MAJOR STRANDS] **INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) --** which encourage to utilize the technology by enhancing and supporting the delivery of information. **AGRICULTURE --** was designed for hands-on learning associated with agriculture. **HOME ECONOMICS --** cater l...

**T.L.E** [FOUR MAJOR STRANDS] **INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) --** which encourage to utilize the technology by enhancing and supporting the delivery of information. **AGRICULTURE --** was designed for hands-on learning associated with agriculture. **HOME ECONOMICS --** cater livelihood projects in the community and at home. **INDUSTRIAL ARTS -** provide skills and knowledges on the repair, assembly, masonry and creation of valuable products made of metal. ***A. ICT*** **-** covers all technical means used to handle information and aid communication. **COMPUTERS -** are basically any form of electronic device that manipulates information, or data. **COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS -** refers to the basics of using digital devices such as computers, smart phones and tablets. **BASIC FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER** - **INPUT** - is the date entered to a computer from the input devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, camera, microphone, etc. - **OUTPUT -** receive data from the system and further process the data in human-readable form. - **PROCESSING -** this is the core function of the modern-day Personal Computer. - **STORAGE -** there are mainly two storage units of the personal computer \[PC\] **[Primary Storage] (Main Memory) -** Random Access Memory \[RAM\] is the primary storage unit of computers. **-** is a computer component that stores data, programs, and instructions currently in use. **[Read-Only Memory (ROM)]** - is a type of non-volatile memory used to store permanent data. **[Secondary Storage] -** Hard Disk Drives and Pen drives are called secondary Storage units. **-** sometimes called **auxiliary storage**, is non-volatile and is used to store data and program for retriever. **THERE ARE THE SECOND STORAGE DEVICES:** - **HARD DISK or** **FIXED DISK (HDD) -** is an electro-mechanical data. - **FLOPPY DISK OR FLOPPY DISKETTE -** is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic. **COMPUTER SYSTEM -** consists of hardware components that have been carefully chosen. [COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM] **Computer Hardware** **-** include the computer itself and any peripherals attached to the computer. **Computer Software -** are the set of instructions that are stored and run on the computer hardware. **Computer Users** - people are the computer operators, also known as the \"USERS\". **Computer Data -** consists of individual facts or bits of information. **CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE COMPONENTS** - **System software** - programs that are needed for the computer to function. - **Application Software -** programs that let a user perform task. ***B. AGRICULTURE*** **-** It is a productive unit where the free gifts of nature namely land, light, air, temperature and rainwater etc. \- Agriculture is Latin word is a [backbone of our country or India economy.] **PLANT PROPAGATION -** can be defined as controlled reproduction of a plant by a man to perpetuate a selected individual. **There are Two Method of Propagation:** 1\. **Sexual Propagation** **-** plant propagation is done through seeds. It is also known as seed propagation. **Seeds** are produced as a result by sexual reproduction in fruits of the plants. ***SEED*** **-** is defined as a dormant plant which develops into a complete plant when subjected to environmental conditions. ***CUTTINGS* -** it refers to cut section of plant like stem or a branch and propagating it. ***GRAFTING* -** it refers to combine tissues of plants similar or dissimilar. **2.** **Asexual Propagation -** these methods are horticultural done and not by plants. **Plants** are derived from single parent thus there is no genetic change. **IMPORTANCE OF PLANT PROPAGATION** - It protects the plant species which are endangered. - It improves the characteristics and quality of the plants. - It produces quality and healthy plants on commercial base. **FARM TOOLS & EQUIPMENT** ***Farm Tools*** - is a simple type of equipment which is used manually by a framer. ***Farm Equipment*** - are machines that are pulled behind and operated from the tractor. **[HAND TOOLS]** 1. Bolo 2. Wheelbarrow 3. Sickle 4. Pick Mattock 5. Rake 6. Crowbar 7. Spade (flat pala) 8. Shovel (pala) **[FARM EQUIPMENT]** 1. Hand Tactor 2. Four Wheel Tractor 3. Water Pump 4. Combine Harvester **ANIMAL PRODUCTION** \- is a branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding, care, and raising of animals for human use. **TYPES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION** **1. Livestock Production:** involves raising animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs. **2. Poultry Production:** focuses on raising birds such as chickens, ducks, and turkeys. **3. Swine Production:** the practice of raising pigs primarily for pork production. **4. Aquaculture:** involves the farming of aquatic organisms like fish, shellfish, and crustaceans. **5. Dairy Production:** specializes in the raising of dairy animals, primarily cows, goats, or sheep. **6. Beekeeping (Apiculture):** focuses on the management of bees for honey, beeswax, and other bee-related products. **SWINE PROPAGATION** \- is the practice of breeding and managing pigs to produce healthy and high-quality offspring. ***C. HOME ECONOMICS*** **-** is the study of managing a household effectively. **-** it focuses on the development of skills necessary for personal and family well-being. **PURPOSE OF HOME ECONOMICS** **-** it promotes life skills such as cooking, budgeting, and home management. **KEY AREAS OF HOME ECONOMICS:** - **Nutrition and Food Preparation** **-** focuses on meal planning, cooking skills, and understanding balanced diets. - **Textiles And Clothing** **-** involves basic sewing techniques and proper clothing care. - **Financial Management** **-** teaches how to create a simple budget and track spending. - **Family Living** **-** focuses on building and maintaining strong relationships within the family. - **Housing and Interior Design\\** **-** teaches how to organize, clean, and maintain a functional and aesthetically pleasing living space. - **Consumer Education** **-** focuses on educating individuals about making smart and informed choices when buying products or services. - **Child Development and Care** **-** focuses on understanding the stages of child development and the physical, emotional, and cognitive needs of children. ***BASIC LIFE SKILLS*** **-** are everyday abilities needed to manage daily tasks effectively. \- Life skills ensure you can handle everyday challenges effectively, improving your quality of life. ***COSMETOLOGY*** **-** cosmetology is the study and application of beauty treatment. **BRANCHES OF COSMETOLOGY:** - **HAIR STYLING -** the occupation of cutting and arrangement of hair to create an attractive presentation. - **Skin Care** **-** is a range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance, and relieve skin conditions. - **Manicure/Pedicure** **-** [Manicure] for hand and nails. **-** [Pedicure] for toes and feet. - **Non-Permanent Hair Removal (waxing) -** is a type of epilation. This is a method of hair removal that pulls out the hair root. - **Permanent Hair removal (electrology, intense pulsed light) -** used by cosmetic and medical practitioners to perform various skin treatments for aesthetic and therapeutic purposes, including hair removal. - **Nail Care -** the maintenance of the fingernails and toenails. ***D. INDUSTRIAL ARTS*** - is a field of study and practice that focuses on the design, production, and application of objects and systems using tools, materials, and processes. **CARPENTRY -** is the skilled trade of working with wood to construct, install, and maintain structures, furniture, and other items. **CARPENTRY TOOLS** - **Hammer Claw -** is a versatile tool primarily used in carpentry for driving nails into a pulling them out of wood. - **Copping Saw -** is used to cut shapes out of wood. - **Chisel -** used for shaping wood, carving details, and creating clean joints. - **Screwdriver -** used to drive or loosen screw into the wood. - **Tenon Saw** (gabas) - used for cutting wood straight. - **Carpenter's Pencil -** are designed for marking and layout work on wood. - **Tape Measure -** is the cornerstone of accurate measurements in carpentry. - **Utility Knife -** is a handy tool for scoring, cutting, and trimming materials. - **Level -** helps you maintain accuracy in your projects. - **The Nail Set -** used for driving the exposed head of a nail or pin below the surface of a piece of wood. **SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEARNING OF BRUNER AND GAGNE** **JEROME BRUNER** **-** believed that children construct knowledge and meaning through active experience with the world around them. *[DISCOVERY LEARNING OF BRUNER'S]* - **Constructivist Approach** **-** students are active process not passive learning. - **Spiral Curriculum** **-** advocate revisit of subjects or topic throughout the course. \- from basic to complex - **Discovery Learning** **-** you let the learners to experiment on their own. *[APPLICATION TO EPP]* - **Hands-on Learning** - **Scaffolding Skills** **--** teachers scaffold the learning process of the students. **-** teachers guide first before they do own. - **Encouraging Creativity** **-** learners can develop their own learning. **[ROBERT GAGNE -]** suggests that learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity. *[LEARNING HIERARCHY OF GAGNE'S]* - **Hierarchy of Learning Types** **-** from stimulus response to complex. - **Nine Events of Instruction** - Gaining the attention of students - Recall prior learning of students - Present the content - Provide learning guidance - Elicit performance - Assess performance of the students - **Learning Outcomes** **-** *[APPLICATION OF EPP]* - **Structured Skill Acquisition** **-** it requires complex to smaller or manageable skills to teach learners. - **Skill Reinforcement** **-** following different instruction. - **Diverse Learning Outcomes** **-** from cognitive to psychomotor to affective. ***Bruner's*** focuses on discovery learning where learners explore and build their own understanding, more on student-centered, must be learn and do while the ***Gagne's*** emphasizes a more structured approach or where the learners are guided by the teacher. **WHY COMBINING THESE LANGUAGES IN EPP IS NECESSARY:** **1. Enhances Understanding of Concepts and Skills -** **2. Supports Linguistic Transition and Competency --** allows gradual transition **3. Promotes Inclusivity and Accessibility** **4. Prepares Students for Future Learning and Work --** it also student require familiarity **5. Facilitates Communication and Collaboration --** bilingual encourage, reflect in real-world *[The use of Mother Tongue, Filipino, and English]* as the medium of instruction in EPP for intermediate grades is not just a matter of language preference but a strategic approach to enhance learning outcomes.