تقييم إصابات العظام والمفاصل

Dr Aser Revision

• Topics covered include exam questions and other important materials.
• Orthopedic revision is also part of the study material.

Orth Revision

• Fracture of the lower tibia and fibula was noted.
• Tibial plateau fracture (intra-articular fracture) was identified, along with type 5 fractures (medial and lateral plateau).
• Reduction is important, and 1 and 2 are true.

Foot Fractures

• Jones fracture (base of fifth metatarsal bone) was discussed.
• Midfoot fracture (Lisfranc fracture) can damage midfoot cartilage.
• Jones fracture is a fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal's shaft.
• Talus and calcaneal fractures are also included.

Scientific Background

• Jones fracture: fracture of the proximal part of the fifth metatarsal bone.
• Freiberg's disease: avascular necrosis of the second metatarsal head.

Distal Tibia Fracture

• Pilon fracture involves the distal tibia's articular surface.
• Maisonneuve fracture causes distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and medial malleolar damage.

Q Angle

• Normal Q angle ranges between 10 and 15 degrees.

Femoral Neck Shaft Angle

• Normal values are 120-135 degrees.

Clinical Tests

• Empty can test: indicates supraspinatus tear.
• Apprehension test: used to check for anterior shoulder dislocation.

Knee Arthroplasty

• Knee arthroplasty, as a treatment, is true.

Gait

• Scissoring gait indicates lower limb spasticity.
• Waddling gait: associated with bilateral hip abductor weakness.

Nerve Injury

• Thumb adduction (C8-T1) is related to the ulnar nerve.

Kienbock's Disease

• Avascular necrosis of the lunate bone.

Cubitus Valgus

• Ulnar nerve injury is a potential concern.

Genu Varum

• Knee osteoarthritis and bowlegs are connected.

Salter-Harris Classification

• Salter-Harris classification includes class 2 fractures.

Multiple Myeloma

• A condition with punched-out lesions, hypercalcemia, and Bence Jones protein.

Internal Rotation

• A hip movement, where the foot moves inward relative toward the body.

True or False

• The most common benign bone tumor isn't the most common.
• Risk of malignant transformation in bone tumors is high.
• Benign bone tumors don't begin at adulthood, but rather in childhood or adolescence.
• A fracture of tumor stalk is an indication for excision

Clinical Reflexes

• Spinal reflexes, including Achilles, patellar, biceps, brachioradialis, and triceps, and their root values.

Non-ossifying Fibroma

• A benign, fibrous connective tissue growth, most common in the distal femur and distal tibia.

Osteoid Osteoma

• A benign bone tumor, characterized by pain that increases at night and is relieved by aspirin.

Genu Recrvatum

• A deformity where the knee extends too much backward.

Thomosen Test

• Evaluation of achilles tendon integrity.

Windswept Deformity

• A deformity characterized by lateral bowing of one leg and medial bowing of the other, frequently seen in rickets.

Patric Test

• Used to assess sacroiliac or hip pathology.

Interlocking Intramedullary Nail

• Used for diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures in long bones.

Dynamic Hip Screw

• Used for trochanteric fracture of the femur.

Locking Plate and Screws

• Various types of plates and screws for surgical repair.

Gait Cycle

• Sequence of movements during walking (initial strike, pre-swing, early double support, etc.).

Bimalleolar Fracture

• Closed reduction is essential to avoid tibial artery/nerve injury.

Ring External Fixator

• The optimal choice in comminuted open fractures.

Spondylolisthesis

• Vertical forward displacement of one vertebra over another.

Carrying Angle

• Normal carrying angles range from 5-10° for males and 10-15° for females.

High Steppage Gait

• Caused by common peroneal nerve injury.

Lateral Malleolar Fracture

• Classification A based on location.

Erb's Palsy, Klumpke's Palsy

• Nerve damage affecting various upper and lower trunk nerves affecting C5-6 (Erb's) and C8-T1 (Klumpke's).

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

• Treatment, before 6 months of age, involves closed reduction and Pavlik harness.

Osteolytic Lesion

• Possible indication of giant cell tumor.

Osteoclastoma (Giant Cell Tumor)

• A possible bone tumor seen in the proximal tibia, characterized by an osteolytic lesion, bone density decrease, and a "soap bubble" appearance.

Bone Metastasis

• Various cancers can cause bone metastasis (exceptions for each type given).

Hand Function

• Different hand functions like tip pinch, key pinch, palmar pinch, cylindrical grip, and cupping technique described.

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