Tissues of the Body: Simple Columnar Epithelium

Questions and Answers

Which structure contains simple columnar epithelium responsible for secretion?

Kidney

Cornea

Intestine (correct)

Eustachian tube

What is a key characteristic of simple columnar epithelium?

It is composed of flat cells.

It features tall columnar cells with basal oval nuclei. (correct)

It has multiple layers of cells.

It lacks a basement membrane.

Which of the following locations is NOT associated with pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Lacrimal sac

Nasal air sinuses

Kidney tubules (correct)

Trachea

What function is primarily associated with ciliated columnar epithelium?

Transport of particles Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following areas does simple columnar epithelium with microvilli primarily function?

Pancreatic duct Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the structure of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

It appears to have several layers due to varying nucleus levels. Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes simple columnar epithelium in the stomach?

It secretes mucin and has clear cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is specifically found in the female reproductive system to facilitate movement?

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of yellow bone marrow in adults?

Storage of fat cells and reserve for haemopoietic tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones contain active red bone marrow in adults?

Clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total leucocytes do neutrophils typically represent?

60% to 70% Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about the nuclei of neutrophils?

Segmented nucleus formed of 2 to 5 segments Signup and view all the answers

What type of granules are described as rich in hydrolytic enzymes in neutrophils?

Azurophilic granules Signup and view all the answers

What role do granulocytes play in the immune system?

Phagocytosis and response to infections Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the segments of the neutrophil's nucleus?

Chromatin threads Signup and view all the answers

Which type of myeloid tissue can transform into red bone marrow under certain conditions?

Inactive Yellow Bone Marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical lifespan of monocytes in the bloodstream?

3 days Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about monocytes is correct?

Their cytoplasm is rich in acid phosphatase. Signup and view all the answers

How are lymphocytes classified based on size?

Small and large lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total blood leucocytes do lymphocytes typically comprise?

20-30% Signup and view all the answers

What component do macrophages NOT typically synthesize?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features distinguishes large lymphocytes from small lymphocytes?

Abundant cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocyte makes up the majority of small lymphocytes?

T-Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of monocytes when they enter connective tissue?

To differentiate into macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the nucleus of monocytes?

It may appear kidney-shaped or slightly indented. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a trait of the cytoplasm in small lymphocytes?

Scanty with free ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of macrophages?

Engulf foreign bodies and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are classified as pigment cells?

Chromatophores Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of macrophages?

Clear cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of pigment cells in the skin?

Synthesis of melanin pigment Signup and view all the answers

Which structure distinguishes adipocytes from other connective tissue cells?

Small cytoplasm with a large fat globule Signup and view all the answers

In what context would macrophages form a multinucleated giant cell?

When engulfing large foreign bodies Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue cell is primarily involved in wound repair and scar tissue formation?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Where are histiocytes predominantly located in the body?

In vascular connective tissue areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone development?

Formation of new bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes are rich in osteoblasts and facilitate the deposition of calcium?

Alkaline phosphatase enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What cellular structure connects osteocytes to one another?

Canaliculi Signup and view all the answers

What happens to osteoblasts when they become surrounded by lacunae and calcified matrix?

They turn into osteocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of osteoclasts?

They contain multiple nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What role do osteocytes play in bone maintenance?

They maintain the bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of osteoclasts?

They are derivatives of fused blood monocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components do osteoblasts synthesize?

Collagen and glycoprotein Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of alkaline phosphatase in osteoblasts?

To facilitate calcium deposition Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes osteocytes from osteoblasts?

Osteocytes are surrounded by calcified matrix Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Epithelial Tissues

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium:
- Lining of thyroid follicles.
- Covers kidney's convoluted tubules and small collecting tubules.
- Found in the anterior surface of the lens and inner cells of the choroid of the eye.
- Lines acini and small ducts of glands.
- Forms the germinal epithelium of ovaries in newborns.
Simple Columnar Epithelium (Non-Ciliated):
- Composed of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei; involved in secretion and absorption.
- In the stomach, secretes mucin; cytoplasm appears clear.
- In the intestine, features microvilli for enhanced absorption, rich in phosphatase enzymes.
- Lines the gall bladder, common bile duct, pancreatic duct, and large collecting tubules of the kidney.
Simple Columnar Epithelium (Ciliated):
- Formed of columnar cells with cilia on free borders for movement of particles.
- Present in the central canal of the spinal cord, brain ventricles, fallopian tubes, uterus, Eustachian tube, and some bronchioles.
Pseudo-Stratified Columnar Epithelium:
- Appears multi-layered due to irregular cell shapes and nuclear positioning, but consists of a single layer.
- Contains goblet cells for mucus secretion.
- Located in upper respiratory passages, Eustachian tube, and lacrimal sac.

Connective Tissue Cells

Histiocyte or Macrophage:
- Present in vascular connective tissue, especially in serous membranes and alimentary canal.
- Functions include engulfing foreign bodies, cleaning wounds, and forming multinucleated giant cells for large foreign bodies.
Pigment Cell:
- Found in connective tissues of the skin and eye, carries melanin pigments.
- Responsible for synthesis of melanin to protect from UV rays; sensitive to light.
Fat Cell (Adipocyte):
- Originates from mesenchymal cells, presents a signet ring appearance due to large fat globule.

Hematopoietic Tissue

Myeloid Tissue:
- Yellow Bone Marrow: Composed of fat cells; serves as fat storage; can convert to red marrow under specific conditions.
- Red Bone Marrow: Present in sternum, vertebrae, ribs, skull, clavicle, and pelvis; active in blood cell production.

White Blood Cells

Granulocytes:
- Comprise neutrophils (60-70% of leukocytes), eosinophils, and basophils; involved in immune response.
- Neutrophils possess a segmented nucleus and are important for phagocytosis.
Monocyte:
- Larger leukocytes with a central, indented nucleus and abundant blue-stained cytoplasm.
- Transform into macrophages in connective tissue and play a role in phagocytosis.
Lymphocytes:
- Key players in immune response; divided into T-lymphocytes (75%) and B-lymphocytes (25%).
- Small lymphocytes have scanty cytoplasm, while large lymphocytes are more abundant with developed organelles.

Bone Cells

Osteoblasts:
- Derived from osteogenic cells; involved in bone formation by synthesizing collagen and minerals.
- Active during growth and healing of bones.
Osteocyte:
- Mature bone cells located in lacunae, unable to divide; they maintain bone matrix and calcium levels.
Osteoclast:
- Large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption; originates from the fusion of monocytes.
- Plays a vital role in bone remodeling during ossification.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the simple columnar epithelium, covering its locations in the body including the thyroid, kidneys, eyes, glands, and ovaries. It tests your understanding of the properties and functions of this specific epithelial tissue. Prepare to explore essential concepts related to histology and human anatomy.