Tissue Types in Human Organism

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of epithelial tissues?

to aid in movement
to control body functions
to provide support to the body
to provide a covering or lining (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissues?

They are able to move voluntarily (correct)
They are anchored to underlying tissue by a basement membrane
They are derived from endoderm
They have a high regeneration capacity

What is the name of the nonliving layer that anchors epithelial tissues to underlying tissue?

nervous tissue
basement membrane (correct)
connective tissue
muscle tissue

Which type of tissue is responsible for controlling body functions?

Nervous tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of tissues?

Histology (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many primary tissue types are there in the human body?

4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in epithelial tissues?

to aid in movement of a substance across the layer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a single layer of epithelial cells?

Simple epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of extracellular fluid (ECF) in the body?

to facilitate chemical reactions and transport substances (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exocrine glandular secretion involves the release of entire cells into the secretion?

Holocrine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fluid that fills the spaces between cells in tissues?

Interstitial fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of extracellular fluid?

Regulating body temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common origin of all connective tissues?

Mesenchyme (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ground substance in the extracellular matrix?

Functions as a molecular sieve (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of exocrine glandular secretion loses small portions of cells with the secretion?

Apocrine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of stratified epithelium?

many layers of cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumor that originates from epithelial tissue?

Carcinoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium has a single layer of flattened cells?

Simple Squamous epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium?

secretion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium has a single layer of elongated cells with basally located nuclei?

Simple Columnar epithelium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Stratified Squamous epithelium?

epidermis of skin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium?

a single layer of elongated cells with scattered nuclei (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Stratified Squamous epithelium?

protection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Transitional epithelium?

usually simple cuboidal or columnar (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mast cells in connective tissue?

To promote inflammation and prevent excessive blood clotting (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

To produce fibers (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue fiber is composed of the protein elastin?

Elastic fibers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chondroblasts in connective tissue?

To build cartilage matrix (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a semi-fluid ground substance?

Connective Tissue Proper (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoblasts in connective tissue?

To build bone matrix (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?

To eat foreign matrix (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Loose Areolar CT?

Beneath epithelia, covering ventral organs, and between muscles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of adipose tissue?

Energy storage, protection, insulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of reticular CT?

Basement membrane, lymphatic system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of fiber is primarily found in elastic CT?

Elastin fibers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dense irregular CT?

Provides tensile strength (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is found in the embryonic skeleton?

Hyaline cartilage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What covers hyaline cartilage and provides nourishment for it?

Perichondrium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis?

Elastic cartilage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

Tensile strength plus shock absorber (A) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Introduction to Tissues

A tissue is composed of similar cells that perform a common function or set of functions
Histology is the study of tissues
There are four adult primary types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues
These four primary tissue types are derived from three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Epithelial Tissues

Cover the body and line internal spaces and organs
Form linings of ducts of exocrine glands
Have a high regeneration capacity due to rapid cell division
Classified according to shape and number of layers:
- Simple epithelium: single layer of cells
- Stratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells
- Squamous epithelium: flattened cells
- Cuboidal epithelium: square-shaped cells
- Columnar epithelium: elongated cells
Types of simple epithelium:
- Simple squamous epithelium: single layer of flattened cells
- Simple cuboidal epithelium: single layer of cube-shaped cells
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: single layer of elongated cells with scattered nuclei
Types of stratified epithelium:
- Stratified squamous epithelium: multiple layers of flattened cells
- Stratified cuboidal epithelium: multiple layers of cube-shaped cells
- Stratified columnar epithelium: multiple layers of elongated cells
- Transitional epithelium: allows for stretching and expansion

Connective Tissues

Surround all body cells and provide support and structure
Composed of cells, extracellular matrix, and fibers
Four types of extracellular fluid (ECF): interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, and transcellular fluid
Originated from mesenchyme (mesoderm)
Can have a wide range of vascularity, from avascular to highly vascular
Structural elements:
- Cells: fixed cells (e.g. fibroblasts, chondrocytes) and wandering cells (e.g. macrophages)
- Extracellular matrix: ground substance and fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular)
Major cell types:
- Fixed cells: maintain constant numbers, permanent residents within CT
- Wandering cells: visitors in CT, respond to tissue damage
Categories of connective tissues:
- Embryonic CT = mesenchyme
- Connective tissue proper: loose areolar CT, adipose tissue, reticular CT, dense regular CT, dense irregular CT, and elastic CT
- Special connective tissues: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

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