40 Questions
What is the main function of epithelial tissues?
to provide a covering or lining
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissues?
They are able to move voluntarily
What is the name of the nonliving layer that anchors epithelial tissues to underlying tissue?
basement membrane
Which type of tissue is responsible for controlling body functions?
Nervous tissue
What is the term for the study of tissues?
Histology
How many primary tissue types are there in the human body?
4
What is the function of cilia in epithelial tissues?
to aid in movement of a substance across the layer
What is the term for a single layer of epithelial cells?
Simple epithelium
What is the primary function of extracellular fluid (ECF) in the body?
to facilitate chemical reactions and transport substances
Which type of exocrine glandular secretion involves the release of entire cells into the secretion?
Holocrine
What is the name of the fluid that fills the spaces between cells in tissues?
Interstitial fluid
Which of the following is NOT a function of extracellular fluid?
Regulating body temperature
What is the common origin of all connective tissues?
Mesenchyme
What is the function of the ground substance in the extracellular matrix?
Functions as a molecular sieve
What type of exocrine glandular secretion loses small portions of cells with the secretion?
Apocrine
What is the characteristic of stratified epithelium?
many layers of cells
What is the term for a tumor that originates from epithelial tissue?
Carcinoma
Which type of epithelium has a single layer of flattened cells?
Simple Squamous epithelium
What is the function of Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium?
secretion
Which type of epithelium has a single layer of elongated cells with basally located nuclei?
Simple Columnar epithelium
What is the location of Stratified Squamous epithelium?
epidermis of skin
What is the characteristic of Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium?
a single layer of elongated cells with scattered nuclei
What is the function of Stratified Squamous epithelium?
protection
What is the characteristic of Transitional epithelium?
usually simple cuboidal or columnar
What is the function of mast cells in connective tissue?
To promote inflammation and prevent excessive blood clotting
What is the primary function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
To produce fibers
Which type of connective tissue fiber is composed of the protein elastin?
Elastic fibers
What is the function of chondroblasts in connective tissue?
To build cartilage matrix
Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a semi-fluid ground substance?
Connective Tissue Proper
What is the function of osteoblasts in connective tissue?
To build bone matrix
What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?
To eat foreign matrix
What is the location of Loose Areolar CT?
Beneath epithelia, covering ventral organs, and between muscles
What is the primary function of adipose tissue?
Energy storage, protection, insulation
What is the location of reticular CT?
Basement membrane, lymphatic system
What type of fiber is primarily found in elastic CT?
Elastin fibers
What is the function of dense irregular CT?
Provides tensile strength
What type of cartilage is found in the embryonic skeleton?
Hyaline cartilage
What covers hyaline cartilage and provides nourishment for it?
Perichondrium
What type of cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage
What is the function of fibrocartilage?
Tensile strength plus shock absorber
Study Notes
Introduction to Tissues
- A tissue is composed of similar cells that perform a common function or set of functions
- Histology is the study of tissues
- There are four adult primary types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues
- These four primary tissue types are derived from three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Epithelial Tissues
- Cover the body and line internal spaces and organs
- Form linings of ducts of exocrine glands
- Have a high regeneration capacity due to rapid cell division
- Classified according to shape and number of layers:
- Simple epithelium: single layer of cells
- Stratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells
- Squamous epithelium: flattened cells
- Cuboidal epithelium: square-shaped cells
- Columnar epithelium: elongated cells
- Types of simple epithelium:
- Simple squamous epithelium: single layer of flattened cells
- Simple cuboidal epithelium: single layer of cube-shaped cells
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: single layer of elongated cells with scattered nuclei
- Types of stratified epithelium:
- Stratified squamous epithelium: multiple layers of flattened cells
- Stratified cuboidal epithelium: multiple layers of cube-shaped cells
- Stratified columnar epithelium: multiple layers of elongated cells
- Transitional epithelium: allows for stretching and expansion
Connective Tissues
- Surround all body cells and provide support and structure
- Composed of cells, extracellular matrix, and fibers
- Four types of extracellular fluid (ECF): interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, and transcellular fluid
- Originated from mesenchyme (mesoderm)
- Can have a wide range of vascularity, from avascular to highly vascular
- Structural elements:
- Cells: fixed cells (e.g. fibroblasts, chondrocytes) and wandering cells (e.g. macrophages)
- Extracellular matrix: ground substance and fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular)
- Major cell types:
- Fixed cells: maintain constant numbers, permanent residents within CT
- Wandering cells: visitors in CT, respond to tissue damage
- Categories of connective tissues:
- Embryonic CT = mesenchyme
- Connective tissue proper: loose areolar CT, adipose tissue, reticular CT, dense regular CT, dense irregular CT, and elastic CT
- Special connective tissues: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage
Learn about the four primary tissue types in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Understand their functions and characteristics.
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