Tissue Repair
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Questions and Answers

What would happen if there was no inflammation in the process of tissue repair?

  • The healing process would be less painful
  • Regeneration of injured tissue would be faster
  • Damaged tissues would never heal (correct)
  • Tissue repair would occur faster

    • Which cell type produces growth factors that stimulate the proliferation of many cell types during tissue repair?

  • Neutrophils
  • B cells
  • Macrophages (correct)
  • T cells

    • What is the role of growth factors in the cell cycle?

  • Stimulating transition from G0 into the G1 phase (correct)
  • Inhibiting DNA synthesis
  • Promoting cell death
  • Inducing cell cycle arrest

    • How do stem cells contribute to tissue repair?

    <p>By directly replacing damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if DNA damage in a cell is too extensive during the cell cycle?

    <p>The cell undergoes malignant transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for growth factors to stimulate cells to transition from G0 into the G1 phase?

    <p>To promote DNA synthesis and cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following growth factors plays a crucial role in tissue repair by promoting cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production?

    <p>Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of inflammation in tissue repair?

    <p>Inflammation initiates the repair process by recruiting cells and releasing growth factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues has the highest proliferative capacity and the ability to regenerate after injury?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in providing structural support and tensile strength during tissue repair?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is responsible for the formation of new blood vessels during tissue repair?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can negatively impact the tissue repair process?

    <p>Infection or foreign bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of growth factors in tissue repair?

    <p>They stimulate the survival and proliferation of cells and promote other physiological processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types is most likely to remain in the G0 phase following an injury, according to the information provided?

    <p>Cardiac muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is responsible for stimulating the proliferation of hepatocytes and enhancing their cell motility?

    <p>Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of regeneration in liver repair?

    <p>Liver regeneration involves the proliferation of residual uninjured cells and tissue stem cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following growth factors is primarily responsible for stimulating the proliferation of endothelial cells and increasing vascular permeability?

    <p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following growth factors is chemotactic for neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells, and stimulates extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis?

    <p>Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of inflammation in tissue repair?

    <p>Inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, produce growth factors that promote tissue repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues has the highest proliferative capacity and ability to regenerate after injury?

    <p>Skin and intestinal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following growth factors is primarily responsible for stimulating the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of keratinocytes?

    <p>Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following growth factors is primarily involved in suppressing acute inflammation and promoting extracellular matrix protein synthesis during tissue repair?

    <p>Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 37-year-old truck driver is involved in a collision. He incurs blunt force chest trauma. In response to this injury, cells in tissues of the chest are stimulated to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle from the G0 phase. Which of the following cell types is most likely to remain in G0 following this injury?

    <p>cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues has the lowest proliferative capacity and is least able to regenerate after injury?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of matrix metalloproteinases in tissue remodeling?

    <p>Break down extracellular matrix components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is crucial in initiating angiogenesis during tissue repair?

    <p>VEGF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes regeneration from repair by connective tissue deposition?

    <p>Type of cells involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of collagen in tissue repair?

    <p>Collagen provides structural support and tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the liver demonstrate a unique ability for regeneration?

    <p>By replenishing lost hepatocytes through cellular division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets into motion the process of repair in damaged tissues?

    <p>Inflammatory response to microbes and injured tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injury is more likely to result in regeneration of the injured tissue as opposed to scar formation?

    <p>Mild superficial injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of myofibroblasts in wound contraction?

    <p>Deposition of collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms best describes the process where tissues heal through the restoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury?

    <p>Repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component responsible for providing structural support and tensile strength during tissue repair?

    <p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In liver repair, which process involves the restoration of liver cells after injury without scarring or fibrosis?

    <p>Regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if there was no inflammation in the process of tissue repair?

    <p>Debris and damaged cells would not be cleared from the injury site, impeding the repair process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following growth factors is primarily responsible for stimulating the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of keratinocytes, which are essential for skin repair?

    <p>Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is responsible for the formation of new blood vessels during tissue repair?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of growth factors in tissue repair?

    <p>Growth factors stimulate cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, preparing cells for mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An 87-year-old woman has had a cough productive of yellowish sputum for the past 2 days. On examination her temperature is 38° C. A chest radiograph shows bilateral patchy infiltrates. Her peripheral blood shows leukocytosis. A week later she is afebrile. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of her pulmonary disease?

    <p>resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 3-year-old child has been diagnosed with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and has developed hepatic failure. The left lobe of an adult donor liver is used as an orthotopic transplant. A year later, the size of each liver in donor and recipient is greater than at the time of transplantation. Which of the following cellular alterations is most likely to explain this phenomenon?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cellular player in the repair process?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for laying down collagen fibers to form the scar (fibrosis)?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical component of healing in terms of tissue repair?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue has a pink, soft, granular appearance during the healing process?

    <p>Granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce components of connective tissue during tissue repair?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the remodeling stage of tissue repair?

    <p>Collagen reorganization for stable scar formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of angiogenesis in tissue repair?

    <p>Forming new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is most important for fibroblast recruitment and activation during the deposition of connective tissue in scar formation?

    <p>Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During scar formation, what is the critical step that leads to the development of tensile strength in the scar?

    <p>Deposition of connective tissue proteins by fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular alterations are responsible for the degradation of collagens post-synthesis during connective tissue remodeling?

    <p>Secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences tissue repair by controlling the ratio of collagen synthesis and degradation during remodeling?

    <p>Growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the final stage of scar formation where connective tissue in the scar is modified to resemble the original tissue form?

    <p>Remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which tissues repair themselves when regeneration is not possible?

    <p>Connective tissue deposition (scar formation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myofibroblasts in wound contraction during scar formation?

    <p>Contraction of the wound through actin-myosin interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of granulation tissue in the process of scar formation?

    <p>Promotion of angiogenesis and recruitment of inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of angiogenesis in tissue repair?

    <p>Forming new blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following growth factors is crucial for the recruitment and activation of fibroblasts in scar formation?

    <p>Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls tissue repair by regulating the ratio of collagen synthesis and degradation during remodeling?

    <p>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components forms an avascular scar composed of spindle-shaped fibroblasts, dense collagen, fragments of elastic tissue, and other ECM components?

    <p>Granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates fibroblasts to transition from G0 into the G1 phase to initiate collagen synthesis and deposition during scar formation?

    <p>TGF-b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is inflammation critical for tissue repair?

    <p>It promotes the migration of neutrophils and macrophages to clear injurious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the role of myofibroblasts in tissue repair?

    <p>They promote wound contraction and deposition of connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of growth factors during tissue repair?

    <p>To promote cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cell cycle contribute to tissue repair?

    <p>By regulating progression into DNA synthesis and mitosis phases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences tissue repair by controlling the ratio of collagen synthesis and degradation during remodeling?

    <p>Myofibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect that distinguishes tissue repair through scar formation from regeneration?

    <p>The presence of stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which tissues repair themselves when regeneration is not possible?

    <p>Laying down of connective tissue (fibrous scar)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for laying down collagen fibers to form the scar (fibrosis) during tissue repair?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tissue remodeling?

    <p>Degradation of collagens and other ECM components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is primarily responsible for stimulating the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of keratinocytes, which are essential for skin repair?

    <p>Epidermal growth factor (EGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in providing structural support and tensile strength during tissue repair?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between healing by first intention and healing by second intention?

    <p>The presence of granulation tissue in the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During wound healing, what role do myofibroblasts play?

    <p>Contributing to excessive wound contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to the initial low tensile strength of a sutured wound after the sutures are removed?

    <p>Decreased synthesis of collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes keloid formation during wound healing?

    <p>Excessive collagen production beyond the wound edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fibrosis contribute to the repair process during skin ulcer healing?

    <p>Enhancing tensile strength of the new tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a hypertrophic scar compared to a keloid?

    <p>Limited growth beyond original wound margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most likely to inhibit wound healing in a patient with large skin defects and intense inflammation?

    <p>Decreased tissue perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of myofibroblasts in wound contraction during scar formation?

    <p>Acting like contractile smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the healing of skin ulcers, what characterizes the process involving extensive granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialization?

    <p>Continuing re-epithelialization of epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is most responsible for fibrosis in parenchymal organs such as pulmonary fibrosis?

    <p>Deposition of collagen by fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process does secondary 'union' involve myofibroblasts resulting in functional loss?

    <p>Wound contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes keloid formation from normal scar formation?

    <p>Excessive collagen deposition beyond the original injury site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the role of myofibroblasts in wound contraction and scar formation?

    <p>Myofibroblasts facilitate wound contraction by exerting tractional forces on the surrounding extracellular matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the development of tensile strength in a scar?

    <p>The cross-linking of collagen fibers by myofibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism underlying the development of fibrosis during tissue repair?

    <p>Persistent inflammation and dysregulated collagen synthesis by myofibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary factor contributing to the formation of keloids, which are abnormal scars that extend beyond the original wound boundaries?

    <p>Dysregulated collagen synthesis by myofibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is most likely to impair the healing of chronic skin ulcers, such as those seen in patients with diabetes or venous insufficiency?

    <p>Impaired cell migration and proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of healing by second intention, as opposed to healing by primary intention?

    <p>It involves the formation of granulation tissue and contraction of the wound, leading to more extensive scarring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 20-year-old woman sustains an injury to her right calf in a mountain biking accident. On physical examination she has a 5 cm long laceration on the right lateral aspect of her lower leg. This wound is closed with sutures. Wound healing proceeds over the next week. Which of the following factors will be most likely to aid and not inhibit wound healing in this patient?

    <p>Commensal bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 58-year-old man had chest pain persisting for 4 hours. A radiographic imaging procedure showed an infarction involving a 4-cm area of the posterior left ventricular free wall. Laboratory findings showed serum creatine kinase of 600 U/L. Which of the following pathologic findings would most likely be seen in the left ventricular lesion 1 month later?

    <p>Fibrotic scar</p> Signup and view all the answers

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