Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the role of inflammation in tissue healing?
What is the role of inflammation in tissue healing?
- It decreases blood flow to the injury site.
- It is an inappropriate reaction to tissue damage.
- It helps in the removal of dead tissues. (correct)
- It causes immediate irreversible tissue damage.
Which condition is typically indicated by the suffix '-itis'?
Which condition is typically indicated by the suffix '-itis'?
- A condition involving inflammation. (correct)
- A condition involving muscle tear.
- A condition involving necrosis.
- A condition involving infection.
What is meant by primary injury in the context of tissue healing?
What is meant by primary injury in the context of tissue healing?
- Tissue repair following initial damage.
- Damage caused by the initial trauma. (correct)
- Additional damage caused by treatment.
- None of the above.
What is the expected duration of bleeding referred to as hemostasis?
What is the expected duration of bleeding referred to as hemostasis?
In what type of tissues is the onset and resolution of inflammation swifter?
In what type of tissues is the onset and resolution of inflammation swifter?
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
What initiates the process of bleeding at an injury site?
What initiates the process of bleeding at an injury site?
What type of injury results in secondary injury?
What type of injury results in secondary injury?
What type of collagen is initially produced by fibroblasts during the healing process?
What type of collagen is initially produced by fibroblasts during the healing process?
What role do macrophages play in the proliferation phase of healing?
What role do macrophages play in the proliferation phase of healing?
How long can the remodelling phase last after an injury?
How long can the remodelling phase last after an injury?
Which factor is NOT listed as affecting healing?
Which factor is NOT listed as affecting healing?
What happens to collagen during the remodelling phase?
What happens to collagen during the remodelling phase?
Which statement regarding inappropriate therapy during healing is accurate?
Which statement regarding inappropriate therapy during healing is accurate?
What is a key factor for increasing collagen tensile strength during remodelling?
What is a key factor for increasing collagen tensile strength during remodelling?
What is the primary function of angiogenesis in tissue healing?
What is the primary function of angiogenesis in tissue healing?
What is the initial response of blood vessels during an acute injury?
What is the initial response of blood vessels during an acute injury?
Which chemical mediators are involved in increasing vasopermeability?
Which chemical mediators are involved in increasing vasopermeability?
What role do neutrophils play during the cellular events of inflammation?
What role do neutrophils play during the cellular events of inflammation?
What characterizes chronic inflammation?
What characterizes chronic inflammation?
What is the duration of the proliferation phase?
What is the duration of the proliferation phase?
What occurs as a result of the increased presence of plasma proteins during inflammation?
What occurs as a result of the increased presence of plasma proteins during inflammation?
What is fibroplasia associated with during the proliferation phase?
What is fibroplasia associated with during the proliferation phase?
Which statement is true regarding the chemical mediators involved in inflammation?
Which statement is true regarding the chemical mediators involved in inflammation?
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Study Notes
Tissue Healing Phases
- Four phases of tissue healing: Bleeding, Inflammation, Proliferation, Remodelling
- Inappropriate therapy at any stage can inhibit healing.
Bleeding
- Also referred to as hemostasis
- Duration of bleeding varies depending on tissue vascularity
- Disruption of blood vessels triggers vasoconstriction, followed by vasodilation once fibrin and fibronectin form a clot.
Inflammation
- Normal and essential response to tissue damage
- Removes damaged tissues and prepares for repair
- Onset and resolution are faster in vascular tissues and slower in poorly vascular tissues
- Cardinal signs: heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function
- Maximal reaction 1-3 days following injury
Inflammation: Vascular Events
- Vasodilation caused by histamine and prostaglandins
- Increased vasopermeability caused by histamine and serotonin
- Leakier cell membranes result in increased volume, flow, and pressure causing fluid to pass into tissue spaces
Inflammation: Cellular Events
- Emigration of phagocytes, like neutrophils, help to protect from infection and remove tissue debris
- Lactic acid released during phagocytosis stimulates proliferation.
Chronic Inflammation
- May follow prolonged acute inflammation or develop slowly
- Characterized by production of fibrous material to aid repair
Proliferation
- Also called the regeneration phase
- Restoration of repair tissue
- Extends from 48 hours to 3-6 weeks
Proliferation: Fibroblast Formation
- Fibroblasts manufacture and maintain connective tissue (collagen)
- Fibroblasts migrate to injured area and produce new collagen to replace damaged tissue
- Initially type III collagen, with a granular structure, is produced.
Proliferation: Angiogenesis
- Creation of new blood vessels
- Capillaries bud into the area to provide oxygen and remove waste products
Remodelling
- Refinement of collagen and its extracellular matrix
- Initial collagen deposition is weak and randomly oriented
- Collagen increases in tensile strength and aligns with local stresses through exercise
- Type III collagen matures or is reabsorbed into type I collagen
- Can last up to 12 months post-injury.
Factors Affecting Healing
- Age
- Smoking
- Long-term steroid use
- NSAIDs
- Temperature (slower healing in colder temperatures)
- Poor blood supply / ischaemia
- Excessive movement or mechanical stress
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