Tissue Engineering Course Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the duration of the Q&A session following each presentation?

  • 2 minutes
  • 10 minutes
  • 5 minutes
  • 3 minutes (correct)

    • Which major equipment is used in the Cell Differentiation lab session?

  • Confocal Microscope
  • Microplate Reader (correct)
  • Flow Cytometer
  • Spectrometer

    • How is the term project expected to be organized?

  • Introduction, Literature Review, Key Challenge, Potential Solution, Results, Conclusion (correct)
  • Introduction, Key Challenge, Results, Conclusion
  • Introduction, Data Collection, Conclusion
  • Overview, Methodology, Results, Discussion

    • What percentage of the total marking scheme is allocated to Q&A during project presentations?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action will be taken if a group submits their lab report late?

    <p>No grading will occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a group include about the chosen paper in their term project?

    <p>The most important impact from that specific paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many students can be in each group for the term project?

    <p>5 students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Proliferation on ECM Substrate lab session, which major equipment is utilized?

    <p>Spectrometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary disadvantage of tissue engineering compared to regenerative medicine?

    <p>Tissue engineering requires remodeling for incorporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of graft mentioned?

    <p>Intravenous grafts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transplant uses tissue sourced from a patient's own body?

    <p>Autografts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of regenerative medicine?

    <p>Incorporation under endogenous regulators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of cells are considered important in tissue engineering?

    <p>Stem cells including marrow and cord blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of permanent implants?

    <p>They have success but pose their own unique problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of frustration for patients regarding tissue replacement?

    <p>Limited supply of functional tissue for transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials can be utilized in tissue engineering besides cells?

    <p>Natural and biocompatible materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In tissue banks, which of the following tissues can be stored for use?

    <p>Skin, bone, and heart valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as one affecting tissue regeneration?

    <p>Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is a new patient added to the waiting list for tissue/organ transplants?

    <p>Every 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What groundbreaking achievement is associated with Dolly the sheep?

    <p>First mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type is specifically mentioned as lacking spontaneous regeneration?

    <p>All types of tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of new patients added to the waiting list is successfully transplanting each day?

    <p>Approx. 0.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major limitation is noted about current tissue regeneration capabilities?

    <p>Lack of functional tissue replacements leads to fatalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following organs is NOT listed as part of the potential topics in tissue engineering?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant event that took place on December 22, 2001, related to cloning?

    <p>A cloned cat named Cc was born.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical concern has been associated with human cloning?

    <p>The ability to create genetically identical copies of individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material was used in the creation of the Vacanti mouse?

    <p>PLGA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main goal of tissue engineering?

    <p>To restore function through the delivery of living elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tissue engineering described in the context of life sciences?

    <p>As an interdisciplinary field combining engineering and life sciences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT associated with the Vacanti mouse?

    <p>It represents a major advancement in cloning technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect differentiates Cc, the cloned cat, from its genetic twin Rainbow?

    <p>Cc exhibited physical differences as it aged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical stance has led several nations to pass laws concerning cloning?

    <p>Cloning can lead to potential misuse and moral dilemmas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary problem associated with autologous skin grafts?

    <p>They can cause injury at the uninjured donor site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique can be utilized to treat large wounds using skin grafts?

    <p>Meshing the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were the first successful tissue-engineered skin products developed?

    <p>Late 1970s and early 1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is noted as a problem following skin grafting?

    <p>Less epithelialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the advancement made by Green and his colleagues at Harvard Medical School regarding skin grafts?

    <p>Ability to proliferate keratinocytes ex vivo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tissue Engineering Course

    • Three lab sessions will be conducted: cell counting and bio-imaging, proliferation on ECM substrate, and cell differentiation.
    • Each lab session will be held in P4810 and a group report is required.
    • The lab report is due the week after the lab session, late reports will not be graded.

    Term Project

    • Students will work in groups of five to conduct a literature review on a topic related to Tissue Engineering.
    • Groups need to register in Canvas and notify the instructor of their chosen topic via email.
    • The project presentation is 12 minutes followed by 3 minutes of Q&A.

    Term Project Presentation Grading

    • The presentation is graded out of 100% with each category worth 25%: presentation, technical content, PowerPoint slides, and Q&A.

    Term Project Topics

    • Students can choose a topic from a list, with a maximum of two groups choosing the same topic.
    • Topics include: heart, skin, bone, nerve system, blood vessel, liver, cartilage, kidney, bladder, and skeletal muscle.

    The Need for Tissue Engineering

    • Millions of patients suffer from damaged or malfunctioning tissue/organs.
    • Examples of affected tissues include spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and heart disease.
    • Tissues are often not spontaneously repaired or stored after damage.

    Tissue Regeneration

    • Tissue regeneration is limited in most tissues, leading to long waitlists for organ/tissue transplants.
    • The average waitlist for organ transplants has approximately one patient added every 10 minutes, with only 80 transplants occurring each day.

    Cloning: Dolly the Sheep

    • Dolly is the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell using nuclear transfer.
    • Dolly's creation sparked interest in the possibility of reproducing lost tissue or organs.

    Cloning: Pet Cloning

    • Pet cloning is currently available.
    • In December 2001, the first cloned cat, Cc (carbon copy), was born in College Station, Texas.

    Human Cloning

    • Human cloning is theoretically possible.
    • Ethical concerns surrounding human cloning have led to legal restrictions in many countries.

    Vacanti Mouse

    • In 1997, BBC's "Tomorrow's World" documentary showcased the Vacanti mouse.
    • The Vacanti mouse was created using calf chondrocytes and PLGA.

    Definition of Tissue Engineering

    • Tissue Engineering is a field that combines engineering principles and life sciences to develop biological substitutes to restore, maintain, or improve tissue, organ, or function.
    • The ultimate goal is to restore function through the delivery of living elements that integrate into the patient.

    Applications of Tissue Engineering

    • Tissue engineering applies to various biological components:
      • Organs: heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, pancreas, and intestines can be transplanted.
      • Tissues: corneas, middle ear, skin, heart valves, bone, veins, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments can be stored in tissue banks.
      • Cells: stem cells (marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood), as well as blood and platelets.

    Reasons for Tissue Engineering

    • Congenital abnormalities necessitate tissue reconstruction.
    • Most tissues cannot regenerate following disease or injury.
    • Even spontaneously regenerating tissues may not fully recover from large defects.
    • Permanent implants have limitations and associated problems.

    Tissue Engineering vs. Regenerative Medicine

    • Tissue Engineering:
      • Conducted in vitro.
      • Advantages: evaluation of tissue before implantation, strict environmental control.
      • Disadvantages: requires remodeling for incorporation.
    • Regenerative Medicine:
      • Conducted in vivo.
      • Advantages: incorporation under endogenous regulators (including mechanics), physiologic environment.
      • Disadvantages: dislodgement and degradation by mechanical stresses in vivo.

    Tissue Engineering Paradigm

    • Key considerations in tissue engineering include:
      • Cells
      • Biocompatible Materials
      • Biochemical Factors (e.g., growth factors)
      • Biophysical Factors (e.g., cyclic mechanical loading)

    Types of Transplants

    • Autografts: harvesting tissue from a patient's own body for transplantation.
    • Allografts: harvesting tissue from a donor for transplantation into a patient (deceased or living donors).
    • Xenografts: removing tissue from an animal for transplantation into a human.
    • Man-made materials and devices: artificial hearts, heart valves, etc.

    History of Tissue Engineering

    • The first synthetic skin substitute was developed in 1962.
    • The first successful tissue-engineered skin products were developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

    The Need for Engineered Skin

    • Wounds larger than 1cm or extending deep into the dermis require specialized treatment for closure.
    • The gold standard is autologous skin grafts; however, they have issues:
      • Injury to the uninjured donor site.
      • Difficulty obtaining adequate autologous skin.
      • Challenges with covering large wound areas.

    Skin Tissue Engineering

    • Skin grafts were the first engineered tissue constructs.
    • Developed by Green and colleagues at Harvard Medical School.
    • Keratinocytes isolated from biopsies are proliferated by coculturing with a mouse mesenchymal feeder layer, increasing coverage area by a thousandfold within weeks.

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    Related Documents

    Tissue Engineering Lecture 1 2024/2025 PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential components of the Tissue Engineering course, including lab sessions focused on cell counting, imaging, and differentiation. Understand the requirements for group projects and presentations, as well as grading criteria. Perfect for students looking to gain a comprehensive overview of the course structure and expectations.

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