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Questions and Answers
What is the duration of the Q&A session following each presentation?
What is the duration of the Q&A session following each presentation?
Which major equipment is used in the Cell Differentiation lab session?
Which major equipment is used in the Cell Differentiation lab session?
How is the term project expected to be organized?
How is the term project expected to be organized?
What percentage of the total marking scheme is allocated to Q&A during project presentations?
What percentage of the total marking scheme is allocated to Q&A during project presentations?
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What action will be taken if a group submits their lab report late?
What action will be taken if a group submits their lab report late?
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What must a group include about the chosen paper in their term project?
What must a group include about the chosen paper in their term project?
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How many students can be in each group for the term project?
How many students can be in each group for the term project?
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In the Proliferation on ECM Substrate lab session, which major equipment is utilized?
In the Proliferation on ECM Substrate lab session, which major equipment is utilized?
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What is a primary disadvantage of tissue engineering compared to regenerative medicine?
What is a primary disadvantage of tissue engineering compared to regenerative medicine?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of graft mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of graft mentioned?
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Which type of transplant uses tissue sourced from a patient's own body?
Which type of transplant uses tissue sourced from a patient's own body?
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What is a significant advantage of regenerative medicine?
What is a significant advantage of regenerative medicine?
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What kind of cells are considered important in tissue engineering?
What kind of cells are considered important in tissue engineering?
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Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of permanent implants?
Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of permanent implants?
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What is a major cause of frustration for patients regarding tissue replacement?
What is a major cause of frustration for patients regarding tissue replacement?
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What type of materials can be utilized in tissue engineering besides cells?
What type of materials can be utilized in tissue engineering besides cells?
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In tissue banks, which of the following tissues can be stored for use?
In tissue banks, which of the following tissues can be stored for use?
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Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as one affecting tissue regeneration?
Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as one affecting tissue regeneration?
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How often is a new patient added to the waiting list for tissue/organ transplants?
How often is a new patient added to the waiting list for tissue/organ transplants?
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What groundbreaking achievement is associated with Dolly the sheep?
What groundbreaking achievement is associated with Dolly the sheep?
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Which tissue type is specifically mentioned as lacking spontaneous regeneration?
Which tissue type is specifically mentioned as lacking spontaneous regeneration?
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What percentage of new patients added to the waiting list is successfully transplanting each day?
What percentage of new patients added to the waiting list is successfully transplanting each day?
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What major limitation is noted about current tissue regeneration capabilities?
What major limitation is noted about current tissue regeneration capabilities?
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Which one of the following organs is NOT listed as part of the potential topics in tissue engineering?
Which one of the following organs is NOT listed as part of the potential topics in tissue engineering?
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What was the significant event that took place on December 22, 2001, related to cloning?
What was the significant event that took place on December 22, 2001, related to cloning?
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What ethical concern has been associated with human cloning?
What ethical concern has been associated with human cloning?
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What material was used in the creation of the Vacanti mouse?
What material was used in the creation of the Vacanti mouse?
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Which of the following is the main goal of tissue engineering?
Which of the following is the main goal of tissue engineering?
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How is tissue engineering described in the context of life sciences?
How is tissue engineering described in the context of life sciences?
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Which of the following statements is NOT associated with the Vacanti mouse?
Which of the following statements is NOT associated with the Vacanti mouse?
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What aspect differentiates Cc, the cloned cat, from its genetic twin Rainbow?
What aspect differentiates Cc, the cloned cat, from its genetic twin Rainbow?
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Which ethical stance has led several nations to pass laws concerning cloning?
Which ethical stance has led several nations to pass laws concerning cloning?
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What is the primary problem associated with autologous skin grafts?
What is the primary problem associated with autologous skin grafts?
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What technique can be utilized to treat large wounds using skin grafts?
What technique can be utilized to treat large wounds using skin grafts?
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When were the first successful tissue-engineered skin products developed?
When were the first successful tissue-engineered skin products developed?
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What is noted as a problem following skin grafting?
What is noted as a problem following skin grafting?
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What was the advancement made by Green and his colleagues at Harvard Medical School regarding skin grafts?
What was the advancement made by Green and his colleagues at Harvard Medical School regarding skin grafts?
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Study Notes
Tissue Engineering Course
- Three lab sessions will be conducted: cell counting and bio-imaging, proliferation on ECM substrate, and cell differentiation.
- Each lab session will be held in P4810 and a group report is required.
- The lab report is due the week after the lab session, late reports will not be graded.
Term Project
- Students will work in groups of five to conduct a literature review on a topic related to Tissue Engineering.
- Groups need to register in Canvas and notify the instructor of their chosen topic via email.
- The project presentation is 12 minutes followed by 3 minutes of Q&A.
Term Project Presentation Grading
- The presentation is graded out of 100% with each category worth 25%: presentation, technical content, PowerPoint slides, and Q&A.
Term Project Topics
- Students can choose a topic from a list, with a maximum of two groups choosing the same topic.
- Topics include: heart, skin, bone, nerve system, blood vessel, liver, cartilage, kidney, bladder, and skeletal muscle.
The Need for Tissue Engineering
- Millions of patients suffer from damaged or malfunctioning tissue/organs.
- Examples of affected tissues include spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and heart disease.
- Tissues are often not spontaneously repaired or stored after damage.
Tissue Regeneration
- Tissue regeneration is limited in most tissues, leading to long waitlists for organ/tissue transplants.
- The average waitlist for organ transplants has approximately one patient added every 10 minutes, with only 80 transplants occurring each day.
Cloning: Dolly the Sheep
- Dolly is the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell using nuclear transfer.
- Dolly's creation sparked interest in the possibility of reproducing lost tissue or organs.
Cloning: Pet Cloning
- Pet cloning is currently available.
- In December 2001, the first cloned cat, Cc (carbon copy), was born in College Station, Texas.
Human Cloning
- Human cloning is theoretically possible.
- Ethical concerns surrounding human cloning have led to legal restrictions in many countries.
Vacanti Mouse
- In 1997, BBC's "Tomorrow's World" documentary showcased the Vacanti mouse.
- The Vacanti mouse was created using calf chondrocytes and PLGA.
Definition of Tissue Engineering
- Tissue Engineering is a field that combines engineering principles and life sciences to develop biological substitutes to restore, maintain, or improve tissue, organ, or function.
- The ultimate goal is to restore function through the delivery of living elements that integrate into the patient.
Applications of Tissue Engineering
- Tissue engineering applies to various biological components:
- Organs: heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, pancreas, and intestines can be transplanted.
- Tissues: corneas, middle ear, skin, heart valves, bone, veins, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments can be stored in tissue banks.
- Cells: stem cells (marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood), as well as blood and platelets.
Reasons for Tissue Engineering
- Congenital abnormalities necessitate tissue reconstruction.
- Most tissues cannot regenerate following disease or injury.
- Even spontaneously regenerating tissues may not fully recover from large defects.
- Permanent implants have limitations and associated problems.
Tissue Engineering vs. Regenerative Medicine
-
Tissue Engineering:
- Conducted in vitro.
- Advantages: evaluation of tissue before implantation, strict environmental control.
- Disadvantages: requires remodeling for incorporation.
-
Regenerative Medicine:
- Conducted in vivo.
- Advantages: incorporation under endogenous regulators (including mechanics), physiologic environment.
- Disadvantages: dislodgement and degradation by mechanical stresses in vivo.
Tissue Engineering Paradigm
- Key considerations in tissue engineering include:
- Cells
- Biocompatible Materials
- Biochemical Factors (e.g., growth factors)
- Biophysical Factors (e.g., cyclic mechanical loading)
Types of Transplants
- Autografts: harvesting tissue from a patient's own body for transplantation.
- Allografts: harvesting tissue from a donor for transplantation into a patient (deceased or living donors).
- Xenografts: removing tissue from an animal for transplantation into a human.
- Man-made materials and devices: artificial hearts, heart valves, etc.
History of Tissue Engineering
- The first synthetic skin substitute was developed in 1962.
- The first successful tissue-engineered skin products were developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The Need for Engineered Skin
- Wounds larger than 1cm or extending deep into the dermis require specialized treatment for closure.
- The gold standard is autologous skin grafts; however, they have issues:
- Injury to the uninjured donor site.
- Difficulty obtaining adequate autologous skin.
- Challenges with covering large wound areas.
Skin Tissue Engineering
- Skin grafts were the first engineered tissue constructs.
- Developed by Green and colleagues at Harvard Medical School.
- Keratinocytes isolated from biopsies are proliferated by coculturing with a mouse mesenchymal feeder layer, increasing coverage area by a thousandfold within weeks.
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Description
Explore the essential components of the Tissue Engineering course, including lab sessions focused on cell counting, imaging, and differentiation. Understand the requirements for group projects and presentations, as well as grading criteria. Perfect for students looking to gain a comprehensive overview of the course structure and expectations.
