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Questions and Answers
Which tissue source provokes the most severe host immune rejection?
Which tissue source provokes the most severe host immune rejection?
What is the Goal of Tissue Engineering?
What is the Goal of Tissue Engineering?
In tissue sample preparation for H&E staining, after treating tissue sample in formalin, the next step will be carried out as:
In tissue sample preparation for H&E staining, after treating tissue sample in formalin, the next step will be carried out as:
Which microscope is suitable for study of living, cultures cells:
Which microscope is suitable for study of living, cultures cells:
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Which procedure can be applied to study on the accumulation of lipid droplets in the tissue?
Which procedure can be applied to study on the accumulation of lipid droplets in the tissue?
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For histological evaluation, the paraffin sections are generally cut at:
For histological evaluation, the paraffin sections are generally cut at:
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In the preparation of tissue for histology, Xylen can be used to:
In the preparation of tissue for histology, Xylen can be used to:
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According to the results of Hematoxyline and Eosin staining below, the cell-free ECM is determined via figure:
According to the results of Hematoxyline and Eosin staining below, the cell-free ECM is determined via figure:
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How many components in one slice of tissue can be detected using immunofluorescent staining?
How many components in one slice of tissue can be detected using immunofluorescent staining?
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Which component can not be revealed by using Hematoxyline and Eosin staining?
Which component can not be revealed by using Hematoxyline and Eosin staining?
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The continuous 3D nanofibrous ECM microstructure is best revealed by using:
The continuous 3D nanofibrous ECM microstructure is best revealed by using:
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Which statement is correct about Hematoxylin?
Which statement is correct about Hematoxylin?
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Which area is considered as IHC-positive staining?
Which area is considered as IHC-positive staining?
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Lining lumen of blood vessels is made up of:
Lining lumen of blood vessels is made up of:
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You are designing a gene therapy experiment to introduce a gene into mammalian cells. Which type of promoter should you choose for high gene expression in mammalian cells?
You are designing a gene therapy experiment to introduce a gene into mammalian cells. Which type of promoter should you choose for high gene expression in mammalian cells?
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A researcher needs to express a protein that undergoes complex post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, to study its function in a human cell context. Which expression system would be the most suitable?
A researcher needs to express a protein that undergoes complex post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, to study its function in a human cell context. Which expression system would be the most suitable?
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You want to perform stable gene expression in non-dividing cells for long-term studies. Which vector system is most suitable?
You want to perform stable gene expression in non-dividing cells for long-term studies. Which vector system is most suitable?
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A student needs to enhance the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a 3D culture. Which modification strategy would be most effective?
A student needs to enhance the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a 3D culture. Which modification strategy would be most effective?
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A researcher is deciding between viral and non-viral vectors for gene delivery into mammalian cells. Which factor is typically an advantage of non-viral vectors compared to viral vectors?
A researcher is deciding between viral and non-viral vectors for gene delivery into mammalian cells. Which factor is typically an advantage of non-viral vectors compared to viral vectors?
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A research team is developing a therapy using genetically modified cells that need to survive under harsh conditions, such as low oxygen levels. Which cell engineering approach would be most appropriate to increase cell survival?
A research team is developing a therapy using genetically modified cells that need to survive under harsh conditions, such as low oxygen levels. Which cell engineering approach would be most appropriate to increase cell survival?
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Your lab is working with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to promote bone regeneration. Which gene modification would best enhance MSC homing to injury sites?
Your lab is working with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to promote bone regeneration. Which gene modification would best enhance MSC homing to injury sites?
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When designing a plasmid for mammalian cell gene expression, which feature ensures efficient initiation of translation in mammalian cells?
When designing a plasmid for mammalian cell gene expression, which feature ensures efficient initiation of translation in mammalian cells?
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You are designing an experiment using lipofection to deliver plasmid DNA into HEK293T cells. What is a likely outcome of using this method compared to viral vectors?
You are designing an experiment using lipofection to deliver plasmid DNA into HEK293T cells. What is a likely outcome of using this method compared to viral vectors?
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A researcher needs to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adult fibroblasts. Which combination of factors is essential for reprogramming the fibroblasts into iPSCs?
A researcher needs to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adult fibroblasts. Which combination of factors is essential for reprogramming the fibroblasts into iPSCs?
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Neocart for cartilage engineering mimic one of characters of native tissue. What is the character?
Neocart for cartilage engineering mimic one of characters of native tissue. What is the character?
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What are NOT the main differences between bioreactors for bioprocess engineering and tissue engineering?
What are NOT the main differences between bioreactors for bioprocess engineering and tissue engineering?
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Which of the following tissue regeneration is not related to COMPRESSION?
Which of the following tissue regeneration is not related to COMPRESSION?
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Which compounds are NOT compulsory to set up a bioreactor system?
Which compounds are NOT compulsory to set up a bioreactor system?
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Which is the most effective method to disinfection of chambers or mount?
Which is the most effective method to disinfection of chambers or mount?
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Which method would be suitable to decellularize porcine blood vessels?
Which method would be suitable to decellularize porcine blood vessels?
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Which protocol can be applied to decellularize dermis tissue (0.5 cm in thickness, surface area 1 x 1 cm2)?
Which protocol can be applied to decellularize dermis tissue (0.5 cm in thickness, surface area 1 x 1 cm2)?
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Why are decellularized organs or tissues used in tissue engineering?
Why are decellularized organs or tissues used in tissue engineering?
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Which solution causes cell breakage of swelling:
Which solution causes cell breakage of swelling:
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To confirm successful decellularization, DNA residue should be:
To confirm successful decellularization, DNA residue should be:
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According to the following results, which is the optimized method for decellularizing adipose tissue?
According to the following results, which is the optimized method for decellularizing adipose tissue?
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Which reagent is effective in triglyceride solubilization?
Which reagent is effective in triglyceride solubilization?
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Which method exhibits less impact on ECM components:
Which method exhibits less impact on ECM components:
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Which is the non-ionic detergent?
Which is the non-ionic detergent?
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To identify the ability to support the attachment of human epithelial cells, which ECM component of decellularized pericardium should be detected with:
To identify the ability to support the attachment of human epithelial cells, which ECM component of decellularized pericardium should be detected with:
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Physiological cell culture conditions:
1.Temperature: Usually maintained at 37°C for mammalian cells.
2. pH: Maintained around 6.0-8.0
3. Oxygen Tension: Controlled levels of oxygen, often around 40% for normoxic conditions.
4. Nutrient Supply: Adequate supply of glucose, proteins in the culture medium.
5. Waste Removal: Efficient removal of metabolic by-products.
How many are the RIGHT comments?
Physiological cell culture conditions: 1.Temperature: Usually maintained at 37°C for mammalian cells. 2. pH: Maintained around 6.0-8.0 3. Oxygen Tension: Controlled levels of oxygen, often around 40% for normoxic conditions. 4. Nutrient Supply: Adequate supply of glucose, proteins in the culture medium. 5. Waste Removal: Efficient removal of metabolic by-products. How many are the RIGHT comments?
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A student is conducting cell culture in a bioreactor. Initially, she/he has 1 million cells (1 × 10^6 cells) in the culture medium. The cells have a doubling time of 24 hours (meaning the number of cells will double every 24 hours). If there is a 5% cell death rate after each 24-hour period, calculate the remaining cell count after 3 days.*
A student is conducting cell culture in a bioreactor. Initially, she/he has 1 million cells (1 × 10^6 cells) in the culture medium. The cells have a doubling time of 24 hours (meaning the number of cells will double every 24 hours). If there is a 5% cell death rate after each 24-hour period, calculate the remaining cell count after 3 days.*
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Why are scale-out strategies more relevant for tissue engineering applications rather than scale-up of a bioreactor?
- Patient-Specific Requirements
- Control of Microenvironment
- Reduced Risk of Contamination
- Flexibility in Production
- Improved Efficiency
How many are the RIGHT answers?
Why are scale-out strategies more relevant for tissue engineering applications rather than scale-up of a bioreactor?
- Patient-Specific Requirements
- Control of Microenvironment
- Reduced Risk of Contamination
- Flexibility in Production
- Improved Efficiency How many are the RIGHT answers?
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A student is conducting cell culture in a bioreactor. Initially, she/he has 1 million cells (1 x 10^6 cells) in the culture medium. The cells have a doubling time of 24 hours (meaning the number of cells will double every 24 hours). Calculate the number of cells after 3 days of culture (72 hours).
A student is conducting cell culture in a bioreactor. Initially, she/he has 1 million cells (1 x 10^6 cells) in the culture medium. The cells have a doubling time of 24 hours (meaning the number of cells will double every 24 hours). Calculate the number of cells after 3 days of culture (72 hours).
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Study Notes
Quiz 1
- Immune Rejection: Xenogeneic tissue provokes the most severe immune rejection
- Tissue Engineering Goal: Restoring structure and function of damaged tissues and organs
- H&E Staining Procedure: Sectioning, paraffin infiltration, dehydration, and rehydration
- Microscopy for Living Cells: Phase-Contrast and confocal microscopy
- Lipid Droplet Study: Frozen-sectioning technique
- Paraffin Section Thickness: 1-10 µm
- Xylene Use in Histology: Removing alcohol and dehydrating fixed tissue
- Preparing tissue for histology, xylen can be used to dehydrate the tissue
Quiz 2
- Gene Therapy Promoter: SV40 promoter is suitable for high gene expression in mammalian cells.
- Protein Expression System: Mammalian expression plasmid is suitable for proteins needing complex post-translational modifications
- Stable Gene Expression: Lentiviral vector is suitable for non-dividing cells requiring long-term expression
- ECM Interaction Enhancement: Preconditioning cells and genetic modification of ECM proteins enhance interactions
- Gene Delivery Vectors: Non-viral vectors offer reduced immunogenicity and ease of production compared to viral vectors
Quiz 3
- No information provided.
Quiz 4
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Cartilage Engineering Mimicry: Constant hydrostatic pressure
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Physiological Cell Culture Conditions: Correct pH, temperature, oxygen level, nutrient supply, metabolic waste removal
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Right Comments: 5
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Cell Culture Calculation: After 3 days, there will be more than 8 million cells.
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Scale-Out Strategies in Tissue Engineering: More relevant for tissue engineering than scale-up due to patient-specific requirements, control of microenvironments, contamination risk reduction, and flexibility in production
Quiz 5
- Porcine Blood Vessel Decellularization: Perfusion with 0.5% Triton X100 is a suitable method.
- Dermis Tissue Decellularization Protocol: The protocol involves several steps: agitation and perfusion with 1% Triton X100, incubation in saline buffer with collagenase/DNase, rinsing, and multiple freeze-thaw cycles. (Exact protocol details are given in the option).
- Decellularized Tissues/Organ Use: Decellularized organs/tissues serve as scaffolds to support in vitro expansion of cells and regenerating tissue through ECM preservation.
- Cell Breakage Solution: 0.9% Sodium chloride solution
- DNA Residue Confirmation for Decellularization: Decellularization success is confirmed when DNA concentration is reduced to less than 100 to 200 ng DNA per mg of ECM dry weight.
- Optimized Method for Adipose Tissue Decellularization: Information not provided in the given text.
Quiz 10
- Triglyceride Solubilization Reagent: Lipase
- ECM Impact Method: Freeze-thaw cycles are effective method with less impact on ECM compared to base treatment or trypsin enzyme
- Decellularization Method Comparison: The given passage compares different decellularization methods on various criteria, highlighting the method that minimizes the impact on the ECM
- ECM Component Detection: Collagen I is the component of decellularized pericardium used in identifying human epithelial cell attachment
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