Tissue Engineering and Articular Cartilage

<p>Ensuring mechanical integrity and the capacity to withstand applied loads. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multi-phasic scaffold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce friction between two moving parts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrier lubrication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generation of fluid resistance and surface separation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perpendicular movement generating viscous resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrier lubrication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constant deformation with rapid initial change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrier lubrication is contact-based, whereas film-fluid allows sliding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exhibits slow, progressive deformation over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patella orientation and/or position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vastus medialis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indirect trauma involving falls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Debridement of cartilage and drilling into subchondral bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire subchondral plate must be removed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patella dislocation during fetal life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defect of stabilizers leading to malalignment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperextension and potential luxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a very long process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biopsy of healthy cartilage followed by chondrocyte expansion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating tissue with mechanical properties akin to mature cartilage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not adequately support load during joint movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower risk of immunogenicity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The graft type and integration process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 weeks to 18 months after cell expansion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to promote the growth of muscle fiber volume, supporting the joints. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multipoint intermittent isometric training helps enhance muscle strength without inducing pain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve joint mobility and alleviate tissue adhesion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swimming and cycling are preferred to avoid high joint loads. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has low water pressure that can promote cartilage self-repair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biodegradability and biocompatibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may lead to the formation of tumors due to unlimited proliferation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their chondrogenic potential is significantly low. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaluronan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ease of processing and control of degradation times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proliferation without tumor formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They need to remain intact until implantation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They achieve full phenotypic changes seen in vivo. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of reducing friction between moving surfaces by introducing a fluid between them.

Lubricin, a glycoprotein, forms a thin layer on each articular surface, preventing direct contact.

Creating a thicker layer of fluid between surfaces to separate them and support weight.

Fluid is trapped between surfaces as they slide against each other, creating a pressure gradient.

Fluid is squeezed into a small gap between surfaces moving perpendicular to each other, resisting its escape.

A combination of barrier and film-fluid lubrication.

Materials that show both viscous (fluid-like) and elastic (springy) properties when deformed.

Cartilage responds to load by deforming initially rapidly, then slowing down over time.

Factors that contribute to cartilage degeneration in the patellofemoral joint

A misalignment of the patella, causing it to track improperly in the groove of the femur

The ability of the patella to move smoothly within the groove of the femur

A group of ligaments and tendons that stabilize the patella

A measure of the angle formed by the quadriceps muscle, patellar tendon, and tibial tubercle

A technique that uses microfractures to stimulate cartilage regeneration

A procedure that involves harvesting and implanting healthy cartilage cells to repair damaged cartilage

A procedure that involves transplanting a section of healthy cartilage and bone from another part of the body to repair the damaged area

A surgical technique that involves transplanting a piece of cartilage and bone from a donor or the patient themselves.

A major challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is mimicking the complex properties and behavior of natural cartilage in a lab setting.

The process of breaking down cartilage tissue into individual cells using enzymes.

The process of growing and multiplying cartilage cells in a lab environment.

A type of tissue engineering that aims to create functional tissues in the lab for transplantation.

The ability of cartilage to withstand repeated loads and return to its original shape.

The potential for cartilage to maintain its structure and function over time.

Cell lines derived directly from the patient's own tissues. These cells can provide a good match for the patient's body but may not always be readily available in sufficient quantities.

Cells with the potential to develop into cartilage cells. They offer a promising alternative to stem cells due to their higher chondrogenic potential.

Materials used to support and promote the growth of new cartilage tissue. These scaffolds must be biodegradable, biocompatible, and provide a suitable environment for cell growth.

Naturally occurring materials like collagen, hyaluronic acid, and alginate. These materials offer good biocompatibility and promote chondrogenesis but may lack the necessary mechanical strength.

Synthetically produced materials like polyesters and polyurethanes. These materials offer better control over mechanical properties and degradation rates, making them suitable for tissue engineering applications.

A scaffold that initially supports the load and degrades gradually, allowing the new tissue to grow and take over the load-bearing function.

A scaffold that remains intact until implantation, providing space for new tissue to grow. The tissue will then remodel and bear the load as the scaffold degrades.

The process of converting cells into cartilage cells.

A scaffold material with high water content, favoring chondrogenesis (cartilage formation).

A scaffold material known for its interconnected porous structure, helping cells to spread out, resulting in flattened cell shapes.

Scaffolds designed with different layers, each having unique properties, mimicking the natural structure of cartilage.

A bilayer scaffold system combining a cartilage-promoting layer (chitosan-gelatin) with a bone-promoting layer (hydroxyapatite-chitosan gelatin).

A multilayered scaffold with an anisotropic tubular top layer for cartilage, a middle porous layer, and a deep anisotropic tubular layer, mimicking the natural cartilage structure.

Exercise that focuses on moving the joint through its range of motion. It helps maintain flexibility and prevents stiffness.

Type of exercise that improves heart and lung health, like walking, swimming, or cycling. It can help with osteoarthritis symptoms like swelling.

Exercise done in water to reduce joint stress and improve blood circulation, which can be beneficial for osteoarthritis.

Exercises that strengthen the muscles surrounding a joint. It can help support the joint and reduce stress on the cartilage.

This type of muscle strength training involves holding a muscle contraction at a specific point in its range of motion, without moving the joint.