Tipos de Aislamiento en Medicina

Study Notes

Aislamiento por aire: Intended for diseases spread via airborne particles. Examples include measles, chickenpox, tuberculosis, and HIV. Requires a negative-pressure room, masks, and gloves for contact with secretions.
Aislamiento por gotas: For diseases transmitted by droplets expelled during coughing or sneezing. Examples include influenza, pneumonia, and other respiratory illnesses. Requires a dedicated room, masks, and protective gear for close contact.
Aislamiento por contacto: Used for infections spread through direct contact. Includes skin infections, diarrheal diseases, and some respiratory illnesses. Requires a separated room, gloves, masks for close contact.
Aislamiento estricto: Reserved for particularly infectious diseases, requiring a completely isolated environment and strict protocols, requiring gloves, masks, gowns and frequently disinfecting the room, with limited visitor access.
Aislamiento inverso: Used for critically ill patients or immunocompromised individuals who require a specially protected environment to prevent introduction of infection, requiring strict infection control procedures. Requiring strict control measures, and special equipment.

Sarampión, Varicela, Tuberculosis (TB): Require individual rooms preventing the spread of airborne pathogens. Strict precautions during contact with secretions are necessary.
Tuberculosis (pulmonar o laríngea), HIV: Similar isolation requirements to the general airborne category, also requiring negative pressure rooms.
Bacterias (Difteria, Neumonía, Meningitis ): Specific infections requiring careful isolation to prevent spread via droplets.
Virus (Adenovirus, Gripe, Parotiditis, Parvovirus B19, Rubéola): Similar precautions to bacterial infections, requiring isolation.
Escarlatina, Bacterias multirresistentes (Clostridium difficile), E. coli, Enterohemorrágica: Important to isolate to prevent spread through direct and indirect contact.
Hepatitis A, Virus herpes simple, Impétigo, Abscesos: Require isolation to prevent transmission.
Sarna (escabiosis), Forunculosis estafilocócica (niños): Contact prevention rules are vital. Also including the management of skin issues affecting children requiring special handling.
Fiebre hemorrágica, S. aureus: Requires strict individual isolation, emphasizing containment measures.