Tipos de Aislamiento y Enfermedades

Tipos de Aislamiento

• Aislamiento por aire: Used for airborne illnesses like measles, chickenpox, tuberculosis, and HIV.
• Aislamiento por gotas: Used for illnesses spread by droplets like diphtheria, pneumonia, meningitis, and whooping cough.
• Aislamiento por contacto: Used for illnesses spread by direct contact, such as scarlet fever, multidrug-resistant bacteria, C. difficile, hepatitis A, herpes, impetigo, scabies, and staphylococcus infections.
• Aislamiento estricto: Used for severely contagious diseases or immunocompromised patients requiring extra precautions, like large burns, severe immunodeficiencies, and low neutrophil counts (less than 1000 neutrophils/cc).
• Aislamiento inverso: Used for patients with infections requiring reversed precautions (e.g., infection control measures designed to protect the patient, rather than the others who are around them).

Enfermedades

• Tipos de bacterias: Difteria, neumonía, meningitis, tosferina, peste neumónica, faringitis estreptocócica y neumonía.
• Tipos de virus: Adenovirus, gripe, parotiditis, parvovirus B19, rubéola, herpes simplex virus, impetigo, pediculosis, sarna, forunculosis estafilocócica en niños, y fiebre hemorrágica
• Otros: escarlatina, bacterias multirresistentes, C. difficile, coli enterohemorrágica.

Medidas de Aislamiento

• General: Individual rooms are recommended whenever possible. Masks, gloves, and gowns in contact with body fluids or contaminated material are essential. Double bags are required in some situations.
• Aislamiento por aire: Negative pressure rooms, masking, and gloves when there are respiratory secretions are vital precautions.
• Aislamiento por gotas: Individual rooms, masking within one meter from ill person, and droplet precaution measures, including mask wearing, are essential.
• Aislamiento por contacto: Single rooms are prioritized, with masks, gloves, and gowns required in close contact situations. Proper cleaning and disinfection are necessary in the room.
• Aislamiento estricto: Emphasis on thorough cleaning, disinfection, single rooms, visitor restrictions, and specific instrument handling is critical; disposable equipment is usually required.
• Aislamiento inverso: Patients with certain infections are kept in a single room to limit contagion. Extra hygiene and handling precautions in the room protect the patient.

Este cuestionario explora los diferentes tipos de aislamiento utilizados en la atención médica, así como las enfermedades asociadas a cada tipo. Conoce más sobre el aislamiento por aire, gotas, contacto, estricto e inverso, y las bacterias que requieren estas medidas de prevención. Perfecto para estudiantes de medicina y personal de salud.