Tipos de Aislamiento en Medicina

Study Notes

Aislamiento por aire: Used for diseases spread through airborne particles. Examples include measles, chicken pox, tuberculosis, and HIV. Requires a negative pressure room, masks, and protective gear for contact with secretions and fomites.
Aislamiento por gotas: Used for diseases spread via respiratory droplets. Includes diphtheria, pneumonia, influenza, meningitis, pertussis, strep throat, and rubella. Patients need their own room or a room shared with others with the same infection. Masks are essential.
Aislamiento por contacto: Used for diseases transmitted by direct contact. Includes scarlet fever, multi-drug resistant bacteria, C. difficile, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, hepatitis A, herpes simplex virus, impetigo, scabies, and staph infections in children . A private room or shared room within the same infectious pathogen is required with strict hand hygiene protocols, appropriate gear, and potentially visitor restrictions.
Aislamiento estricto: Used for patients with severe infections or conditions that require maximum isolation. Includes severe burns, immunocompromised individuals, and severe neutropenia. Requires a private room, special hygiene protocols, and strict visitor and staff restrictions. Must use disposable equipment.
Aislamiento inverso: Used for highly contagious or severe communicable diseases. Requires a private room and strict restrictions on both staff and visitors.

General: Each type of isolation requires a private room or isolation ward with specific control measures to prevent transmission to others. This often includes strict hygiene procedures involving hand-washing and other forms of sanitization. Some isolates could be in a shared room with those with the same microorganism.
Medidas específicas: Specific measures may include negative pressure rooms, masks, gloves, protective gear, and restrictions on visitors.