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Questions and Answers
What causes Tinea (Ringworm)?
What causes Tinea (Ringworm)?
- Dermatophytes (correct)
- Bacteria
- Virus
- Malassezia furfur
Which symptom is characteristically associated with Tinea infections?
Which symptom is characteristically associated with Tinea infections?
- Mild redness
- Severe pruritus (correct)
- Fever
- Hypopigmented areas
What is a common factor that aggravates Tinea symptoms?
What is a common factor that aggravates Tinea symptoms?
- High altitudes
- Heat and humidity (correct)
- Low UV exposure
- Cold and dry weather
How does Tinea versicolor typically present on the skin?
How does Tinea versicolor typically present on the skin?
What is the causative agent of Tinea versicolor?
What is the causative agent of Tinea versicolor?
In which type of weather does Tinea versicolor frequently occur?
In which type of weather does Tinea versicolor frequently occur?
Which condition is NOT commonly associated with Candida albicans infections?
Which condition is NOT commonly associated with Candida albicans infections?
What does Candida albicans primarily become when host defenses are impaired?
What does Candida albicans primarily become when host defenses are impaired?
What symptom is characteristic of vulvo-vaginitis caused by Candida albicans?
What symptom is characteristic of vulvo-vaginitis caused by Candida albicans?
In which body areas is Candida albicans considered part of the normal flora?
In which body areas is Candida albicans considered part of the normal flora?
What is the appearance of oral thrush caused by Candida albicans?
What is the appearance of oral thrush caused by Candida albicans?
What underlying factor contributes to Candida albicans becoming opportunistic?
What underlying factor contributes to Candida albicans becoming opportunistic?
What is the initial location where the larvae penetrate in the body?
What is the initial location where the larvae penetrate in the body?
What is one consequence of larval migration in the body?
What is one consequence of larval migration in the body?
What happens to the larvae after they reach the trachea?
What happens to the larvae after they reach the trachea?
What is a potential impact of severe infection in children caused by these worms?
What is a potential impact of severe infection in children caused by these worms?
What do adult worms release after maturing?
What do adult worms release after maturing?
During which stage does damage occur due to the migration of larvae?
During which stage does damage occur due to the migration of larvae?
What is the primary source of nutrition for adult hookworms?
What is the primary source of nutrition for adult hookworms?
What deficiency is most likely caused by hookworm infection?
What deficiency is most likely caused by hookworm infection?
What route is primarily used for hookworm transmission?
What route is primarily used for hookworm transmission?
Where in the human body do adult hookworms predominantly reside?
Where in the human body do adult hookworms predominantly reside?
What happens to hookworm eggs after they are released in feces?
What happens to hookworm eggs after they are released in feces?
What is the main consequence of blood loss due to hookworm infection?
What is the main consequence of blood loss due to hookworm infection?
What stage of the hookworm lifecycle occurs after eggs hatch?
What stage of the hookworm lifecycle occurs after eggs hatch?
What is the immediate effect of hookworms feeding on intestinal blood?
What is the immediate effect of hookworms feeding on intestinal blood?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Trichomonas vaginalis?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Trichomonas vaginalis?
What symptom is commonly associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection?
What symptom is commonly associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection?
Which best describes Entamoeba histolytica?
Which best describes Entamoeba histolytica?
What condition can Entamoeba histolytica cause when ingested?
What condition can Entamoeba histolytica cause when ingested?
In which conditions is Entamoeba histolytica commonly found?
In which conditions is Entamoeba histolytica commonly found?
What is a common symptom of infection with Entamoeba histolytica?
What is a common symptom of infection with Entamoeba histolytica?
For which demographic is Trichomonas vaginalis often asymptomatic?
For which demographic is Trichomonas vaginalis often asymptomatic?
What type of discharge is typically associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infections?
What type of discharge is typically associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infections?
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Study Notes
Tinea (Ringworm)
- Caused by dermatophytes, which infect superficial keratinized structures.
- Transmitted through direct contact, leading to chronic skin infections characterized by itchiness (pruritus).
- Symptoms worsen in hot and humid environments.
Tinea Versicolor
- Results from Malassezia furfur, a type of yeast, causing superficial skin infection.
- Characterized by hypopigmented areas on the skin.
- Typically asymptomatic but common in hot and humid weather.
Candida albicans
- Part of normal skin flora, upper respiratory tract, and female genital tract.
- Can become opportunistic when host defenses are impaired.
- Leads to oral thrush, presenting as white patches in the mouth.
- Can cause vulvovaginitis, featuring itching and cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge.
- Associated with chronic infections including Trichomonas vaginalis.
Trichomonas vaginalis
- Spindle-shaped protozoan with four anterior flagella.
- Transmitted through sexual contact, causing vaginal and prostate infections.
- Symptoms include watery, foul-smelling greenish vaginal discharge, itching, and burning sensation around the vagina.
- Men often remain asymptomatic.
Entamoeba histolytica
- Anaerobic protozoan prevalent in crowded conditions and poor sanitation.
- Spread via food and water contamination, resulting in acute amoebic dysentery.
- Invades the colon, causing loose stools mixed with blood and mucus.
- Painful defecation is common.
Hookworm
- Adult worms reside in the intestinal lumen, feeding on blood from intestinal capillaries.
- Nutritional deficiencies occur due to blood loss in the small intestine, leading to iron deficiency anemia.
- Transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route with larval penetration through skin.
Lifecycle of Hookworm
- Adult worms live in the colon and release eggs in feces.
- Eggs in the soil hatch into larvae.
- Larvae can penetrate the intestine wall, migrate to the lungs, and ascend to the trachea to be swallowed, reaching the intestine again to mature into adult worms.
- Damage to the intestine occurs due to adult worms, while larval migration results in lung inflammation.
- Severe infections can lead to malnutrition, particularly in children.
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