Fungal Infections PDF

Fungal Infections · Invisible to naked eye Eukaryotic free · organisms , livin...

Fungal Infections · Invisible to naked eye Eukaryotic free · organisms , living dead with In soil symbolic relationship plants · , matter animals other fungi · Most do not cause disease (yeast , mushroom · Some : remains as commensals in skin (candida) causes infections Common fungal infections Ringworm ! 2. Tinea versicolor 3. Candidiasis 1. Tinea (Ringworm) · caused by dermatophytes · Infect superficial keratinized structure · Direct contact - cause chronic skin infection Citchy) -characterized by severe pruritus Symptoms aggravated by heat , humidity. 2 Tinea versicolor · caused by Malassezia furfur (yeast) cause superficial skin infection · "hypopigmented area · asymptomatic Occurs in hot & humid weather frequently  3. Candida albicans · Part of normal flora in skin upper respiratory EI female tract genital infection ONLY host defences impaired (becomes opportunistic · cause occurs when are oral thrush white mouth a. patches in b. Vulvo-vaginitis with itching & vaginal discharge (cottage cheese Chronic infections i. fingernail Parasitic infections Nen-mutual symbiotic · ~ parasite benefits , at the expense of host Only few disease · in man Parasite have life that involve than I host cycle · more Parasitic infections single cell-protozoa · : Charmful) multicellular - helminths (worms) Adverse conditions in body produce cyst (big pimple organism · : formation enables survive outside host without food O2 ~ Cyst organism to , when enter new host turns into x adults Protozoa infection Malaria 1. Trichomonas vaginalis 3. 2. Entamoeba histolytica Trichomonas 1. vaginalis Spindle shaped 4 anterior flagella · , · Sexual contact vaginal & infection "cause prostate , Symptoms watery foul-smelling greenish vaginal discharge · itching · burning sensation around vagina · · men : asymptomatic. 2 Entamoeba histolytica Anaerobic protozoa (without 02) · Common crowded conditions & poor sanitation living · in spread through food/water contamination ⑬ cause acute amoebic dsysentery · · invades colon = loose stools mixed with blood + mucus · Defecation painful 3. Plasmodium causes Malaria intracellular Obligate parasite · 5 species · Transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito · Symptoms fever , chills , vomiting , headache Severe cases death by renal failure , internal bleeding respiratory , failure Helminths Multicellular with organisms own digestive nervous Cestodes Nematodes circulatory = segmented worms = unsegmented worm Pinworm excretory tapeworm · · reproductive system · Roundworm (Ascaris). Hookworm 1. Tapeworm (Taenia Solium) · Flattened segmented worms living in intestine Obtain nutrients direct by absorption · · spread by faeco. Oral route Lifecycle 1 Adult worm in human intestine release egg : eggs come out via feces in feces by intermediate host (cow/pig) 2 swallowed Egg · 3 Egg : larva 4. Larva reach muscle of host (cysticercosis 5 Human eat uncooked muscle adult worm egg hatch. 2. Pinworm · Lives in intestine Obtain nutrients by direct absorption · spread by facco-oral route Life cycle Adult female 1. worm in colon - pinworm leaves anus) anus at night litchy. c Female worm lays egg in anus Citchy) pruritis ani : most prominent features 3. Itching -human scratch - soiled hands. "handles food food with enter another host egg eggs anus hatches to adult worm. 3 Roundworm (Ascaris) Adult live in lumen & worms derive nutrition from ingested food · spread by faecal oral route Lifecycle 1 Adult worm lives in colon : release : comes out via faeces egg intestine. 2 Eggs contaminated food hatch in human forming larva 3. Larvae penetrate intestine wall migrate to lung - alveoli trached In trachea swallowed reach intestine 4. , larra are = again. 5 Larva becomes adult warms release eggs Causes Intestinal damage due to adult · worms larval Damage occur during migration · Lung inflammation · Children: malnourished if severe infection 4. Hookworm · Adult worm in lumen Feed on blood from intestinal wall capillaries Get nutrient from ingested food loss of blood small intestine Main damage in · : ↓ spread by facco oral route · anemia iron deficiency Lifecycle 1 worm lives in colon > release in faeces egg - in soil hatches in soil-larra. 2 eggs intact alveoli rached penetrate = :. 3 Larvae skin lungs = 4 In trached "swallowed larra intestine : adult worms release. eggs