Time Horizon in Research Method Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following indicates time horizon in research method:

  • Cross-sectional versus longitudinal data collection (correct)
  • All of the given choice
  • Qualitative versus quantitative studies
  • Field study versus observational study

    • The following is true about dichotomous scale:

  • Dichotomous scale might not be able to capture true essence or feelings of the respondents (correct)
  • Dichotomous scale and five-points Likert scale have same response options
  • None of the given choices
  • Both the given choices

    • Axial coding is an important part of quantitative research

  • False (correct)
  • True

    • Causal research involves :

    <p>Experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The research effort is positioned relative to existing knowledge and builds on this knowledge

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causal research requires :

    <p>One control group and one experimental group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technology acceptance model (TAM) theory explains factors associated with the adoption of different kinds of technology in wide range of settings

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    While doing qualitative data collection ___________ helps to decide when you can stop interviewing more people:

    <p>Theoretical saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technology acceptance model (TAM) theory explains factors associated with the adoption of different kinds of technology in wide range of settings

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______comes before the open coding in qualitative research:

    <p>Data walkthrough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in the research process:

    <p>Fixing leadership liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participant voice means reporting participant ́s quotes in verbatim while presenting results

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Different types of variables are:

    <p>All of the other three options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Delphi method involves experts and a facilitator

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a mixed method study:

    <p>Either can come before the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____________is designed to study participants ́ attributed meanings:

    <p>Qualitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Grounded theory do not pose any conditions/assumptions while analysing the qualitative data

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internal consistency of measures implies:

    <p>Items are capable of jointly measuring the same concept so that the respondents attach the same overall meaning to each of the items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is it? Values can differ at the same time for different respondents

    <p>Variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Company ́s Internal database is a kind of secondary data

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data collected through cross-sectional survey is:

    <p>quantitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data structure is prepared when using:

    <p>Gioia method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causal research is

    <p>How does reward system influence the productivity?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most important step in business research is to "solve it by taking the necessary corrective measures"

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social Science research is based on hunches, experience, and intuition

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The data collected from field studies (including ethnographies) is primary data

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Slow response to the apple watch" case requires application of technology acceptance theories

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Literature review is not required in case of inductive research

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____________are important in qualitative research:

    <p>Both transparency and traceability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mediating variable:

    <p>None of the given choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using grounded theory:

    <p>Codes and categories are developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Observation and experiments are form of secondary data

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ME-112. Group assignment had :

    <p>Both the given choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative research can be structured or unstructured

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disadvantages of observations:

    <p>All of the given choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is false:

    <p>Mediating variable modifies the original relationship between the independent and the dependent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantitative survey is designed to:

    <p>understand the relationship between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Open-ended essays are:

    <p>Effective in explaining the abstract notions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Codes in qualitative research can be :

    <p>Both inductive or deductive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative research is mostly deductive in nature

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    False response by the participants is a part of researcher error. Is this statement correct?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative research has high degree of objectivity as compared to quantitative data analysis

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The validity of the hypothesized relationships can be examined using regression analyses

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Age is "ordinal" and different types of colors is a "nominal" variable

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Age is "ordinal" and different types of colors is a "nominal" variable

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aggregate dimensions/themes are derived from axial codes

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to APA, we always write percentage (frequency) for study variables in the descriptive statistics on demographics

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exploratory research is suitable for topics where we have limited prior studies

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The beta value in the regression analysis examines if a given hypothesis is significant or not

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scientific research is about stating findings with accuracy and confidence

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In social science research, research hypotheses are just propositions

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Axial coding can only be carried once the open coding is complete for all the questions

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consumer surveys and Internal databases represent the same type of data i.e., primary data

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social desirability bias in a problem in qualitative data collection methods

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research objectives mostly start with what, why and how

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A theory often depicts a set of variables and their associated relationships

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Feasibility of the research problem implies that you are able to execute the research with the given resources

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subjectivity bias in inductive research can be addressed by conducting a deductive research

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The consumer reviews given on booking.com or tripadvisor or similar platforms are an example of quantitative data

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transparency is more important than traceability in qualitative research

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Verbatim(s) are included while presenting the qualitative data results for traceability

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    p-value in regression analysis helps to decide if the tested association is strong or weak

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internal reliability examines if respondents have interpreted the different measurement items of a given measure/construct in a same way (consistency)

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In SPSS outputs, sig and p-values are the same

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Measures and latent variables are basically the same

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normality examines if the data is normally distributed or not

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multicollinearity is tested if the regression analysis has one dependent and one independent variable

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In SPSS, Box plot and Z-score values are examined to test if there are any outliers in a given study construct/measure

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study measure and measurement item are basically the same

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multicollinearity is tested by examining the variance inflation factor values

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    R2 or R-square refers to the percentage variance explained in dependent variable by one or more independent variable (s)

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normality is tested for the different measurement items of the cross-sectional data

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Methods and Concepts

    • Time horizon in research indicates the duration and timing of data collection and analysis.
    • A dichotomous scale consists of two possible responses, such as "yes" or "no."
    • Causal research identifies the cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
    • Research efforts build upon existing knowledge to expand or challenge established theories.
    • Causal research necessitates precise definitions of variables and systematic methodologies.
    • The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) outlines variables that influence technology adoption across various contexts.
    • Qualitative data collection relies on thematic saturation to determine when to stop interviewing.
    • Closed coding precedes open coding in qualitative research, organizing data before thematic exploration.
    • Certain methods, such as surveys or experiments, may not be recognized as steps in the broader research process.
    • Participant voice emphasizes verbatim quotations to capture authentic responses in qualitative findings.
    • Variables can be categorized as independent, dependent, mediating, or moderating based on their roles in research.
    • The Delphi method employs a panel of experts and a facilitator to reach consensus on specific topics.
    • Mixed-method studies integrate qualitative and quantitative approaches for a comprehensive analysis.
    • Grounded theory analyzes qualitative data without preconceived assumptions, allowing themes to emerge organically.
    • Internal consistency ensures that measurement scales yield reliable and stable results across items.
    • Responses can vary across respondents, showcasing individual differences in perceptions and experiences.
    • Internal databases qualify as secondary data, providing previously collected information for analysis.
    • Cross-sectional surveys capture data at a single point in time, offering snapshots rather than longitudinal insights.
    • Data structure is organized prior to analysis, facilitating efficient examination of the results.
    • Causal research is a systematic study to confirm hypotheses about relationships between variables.
    • The most critical step in business research is solving identified problems effectively.
    • Social science research combines intuition, experience, and theoretical frameworks for exploration.
    • Field studies, including ethnographies, yield primary data through direct observation and interaction.
    • The slow market response to a product can be assessed using technology acceptance theories.
    • Inductive research may not necessitate a literature review, focusing instead on deriving insights from data.
    • Techniques such as coding are essential for analyzing qualitative data efficiently.
    • Mediating variables explain the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
    • Grounded theory relies on continuous data gathering until saturation is achieved.
    • Secondary data includes information collected from previous studies or external databases.
    • Qualitative research may take structured or unstructured forms depending on the research design.
    • Observational methods can be limited by subjectivity and the influence of the researcher’s presence.
    • Quantitative surveys are structured instruments designed to collect numerical data for statistical analysis.
    • Open-ended essays allow for expansive responses and nuanced insights.
    • Codes in qualitative research serve as tags or labels for identifying themes and patterns in data.
    • Qualitative research tends to adopt a deductive approach, testing established theories against data.
    • False responses may contribute to researcher error, affecting the study's validity.
    • Qualitative analysis often exhibits a higher degree of subjectivity compared to quantitative methods.
    • Regression analysis can help validate hypothetical relationships through statistical testing.
    • Age is categorized as an ordinal variable, while different colors fall under nominal variables.
    • Axial coding synthesizes open codes into broader themes and insights.
    • According to APA guidelines, descriptive statistics for demographics should report percentage frequencies.
    • Exploratory research is apt for investigations with limited prior studies or understanding.
    • The beta value in regression indicates the significance of hypotheses regarding relationships between variables.
    • Scientific research prioritizes accuracy and confidence in presenting findings.
    • Research hypotheses in social sciences are typically propositions awaiting validation.
    • Axial coding follows open coding, refining the themes identified in earlier analysis stages.
    • Consumer surveys and internal databases represent primary data collection approaches.
    • Social desirability bias can distort qualitative findings through influenced responses.
    • Research objectives commonly start with "what," "how," or "why" to frame inquiry.
    • A theory consists of variables and their proposed interrelationships.
    • Research feasibility assesses whether a study can be executed effectively with available resources.
    • Inductive research can mitigate subjectivity bias by contrasting findings with deductive approaches.
    • Consumer reviews on platforms like Booking.com exemplify qualitative data reflecting user experiences.
    • Transparency holds greater value than traceability in qualitative research methodologies.
    • Verbatim quoting is crucial for validating qualitative data results and ensuring authenticity.
    • In regression analysis, p-values reveal the strength and significance of tested associations.
    • Internal reliability assesses if respondents interpret measurement items consistently.
    • In SPSS outputs, significance (sig) and p-values convey similar information.
    • Measures refer to observable phenomena, while latent variables represent underlying constructs.
    • Normality tests evaluate if data conforms to a normal distribution pattern.
    • Multicollinearity examines relationships between independent variables, particularly in regression contexts.
    • SPSS utilizes Box plots and Z-scores to detect outliers in dataset constructs or measures.
    • Measurement items and study measures are synonymous in research terminology.
    • Variance inflation factor analysis identifies multicollinearity issues, which could distort regression analysis.
    • R-squared (R2) indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by independent variables.
    • Normality tests are essential for assessing different measurement items within cross-sectional datasets.

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    Test your knowledge on how to indicate time horizon in research methods with this quiz. Select the correct option that best represents the time frame for a research study.

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