Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the starting dose for Armour Thyroid?
What is the starting dose for Armour Thyroid?
- 25 mg daily
- 30 mg daily (correct)
- 15 mg daily
- 50 mg daily
Which symptoms should a patient immediately report while taking Cytomel (Liothyronine)?
Which symptoms should a patient immediately report while taking Cytomel (Liothyronine)?
- Chest pain and palpitations (correct)
- Dry skin and hair loss
- Fatigue and weight gain
- Constipation and cold intolerance
During pregnancy, if a woman is on levothyroxine, how much of an increase in dosage may be needed to maintain euthyroid status?
During pregnancy, if a woman is on levothyroxine, how much of an increase in dosage may be needed to maintain euthyroid status?
- 10-20% increase
- 5-10% increase
- No increase needed
- 30-50% increase (correct)
What is the recommended timing for taking T4 in relation to iron, calcium, antacids, and magnesium?
What is the recommended timing for taking T4 in relation to iron, calcium, antacids, and magnesium?
What are the potential effects of maternal hypothyroidism on pregnancy?
What are the potential effects of maternal hypothyroidism on pregnancy?
Which of the following signs and symptoms is NOT commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following signs and symptoms is NOT commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?
In Graves' disease, which antibodies stimulate the TSH receptors in the thyroid gland to produce and secrete thyroid hormones?
In Graves' disease, which antibodies stimulate the TSH receptors in the thyroid gland to produce and secrete thyroid hormones?
Which laboratory parameter is typically found in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Which laboratory parameter is typically found in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
What physical finding is characteristic of hyperthyroidism?
What physical finding is characteristic of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Which enzyme attacked by antibodies in Hashimoto's Disease is essential for producing thyroid hormones?
Which enzyme attacked by antibodies in Hashimoto's Disease is essential for producing thyroid hormones?
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
Which hormone is usually decreased in primary hypothyroidism?
Which hormone is usually decreased in primary hypothyroidism?
What is one of the goals of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT)?
What is one of the goals of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT)?
At what TSH level is treatment typically recommended for hypothyroidism?
At what TSH level is treatment typically recommended for hypothyroidism?
What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
In primary hypothyroidism, what happens to TSH levels?
In primary hypothyroidism, what happens to TSH levels?
What does TRH do in the endocrine system?
What does TRH do in the endocrine system?
What is the role of TSH in hyperthyroidism?
What is the role of TSH in hyperthyroidism?
How does the hypothalamus respond to persistently low thyroid hormones?
How does the hypothalamus respond to persistently low thyroid hormones?
What is the recommended monitoring frequency of TSH levels once they are within normal limits for a patient on thyroid hormone replacement therapy?
What is the recommended monitoring frequency of TSH levels once they are within normal limits for a patient on thyroid hormone replacement therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine?
According to the American Thyroid Association's guidelines, how long should treatment for hypothyroidism be continued?
According to the American Thyroid Association's guidelines, how long should treatment for hypothyroidism be continued?
What is the recommended supplementation of thyroid hormone for a pregnant woman on thyroid hormone replacement therapy?
What is the recommended supplementation of thyroid hormone for a pregnant woman on thyroid hormone replacement therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Which thyroid hormone is solely produced by the thyroid gland and is significantly less biologically active than another thyroid hormone?
Which thyroid hormone is solely produced by the thyroid gland and is significantly less biologically active than another thyroid hormone?
What percentage of T3 is protein-bound and how does it bind to proteins compared to T4?
What percentage of T3 is protein-bound and how does it bind to proteins compared to T4?
What is the half-life of T3 in terms of days?
What is the half-life of T3 in terms of days?
In thyroid function tests, what does FT4 stand for?
In thyroid function tests, what does FT4 stand for?
In hypothyroidism, which of the following values is typically observed in Free T4 (FT4) levels?
In hypothyroidism, which of the following values is typically observed in Free T4 (FT4) levels?
What does a higher-than-normal TSH level usually indicate in thyroid function tests?
What does a higher-than-normal TSH level usually indicate in thyroid function tests?
Which thyroid hormone exhibits greater biological activity compared to another thyroid hormone?
Which thyroid hormone exhibits greater biological activity compared to another thyroid hormone?
What happens to TSH levels in cases of hyperthyroidism?
What happens to TSH levels in cases of hyperthyroidism?
'Thyroid stimulating hormone' is mainly secreted by which gland?
'Thyroid stimulating hormone' is mainly secreted by which gland?
What might a high level of FT4 in TFTs indicate?
What might a high level of FT4 in TFTs indicate?
Which of the following best describes the endocrine physiology of the thyroid gland in regards to feedback regulation?
Which of the following best describes the endocrine physiology of the thyroid gland in regards to feedback regulation?
Which of the following medications would be most appropriate for a patient with Graves' disease, a form of hyperthyroidism, who is pregnant?
Which of the following medications would be most appropriate for a patient with Graves' disease, a form of hyperthyroidism, who is pregnant?
Which of the following factors can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine?
Which of the following factors can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine?
Which of the following is the most common endocrine disorder seen in the postpartum period?
Which of the following is the most common endocrine disorder seen in the postpartum period?
Which of the following is the appropriate TSH reference range for a pregnant woman in her third trimester?
Which of the following is the appropriate TSH reference range for a pregnant woman in her third trimester?
Thyroid gland secretes more T4 than T3 into circulation
Thyroid gland secretes more T4 than T3 into circulation
T4 is more biologically active than T3
T4 is more biologically active than T3
T4 has a half-life of 1 day
T4 has a half-life of 1 day
In hypothyroidism, Free T4 levels are typically above the normal range
In hypothyroidism, Free T4 levels are typically above the normal range
TSH levels are decreased in cases of hyperthyroidism
TSH levels are decreased in cases of hyperthyroidism
Levothyroxine should be administered once-daily 30-60 minutes after breakfast.
Levothyroxine should be administered once-daily 30-60 minutes after breakfast.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
A patient with hypothyroidism is likely to present with heat intolerance and excessive sweating.
A patient with hypothyroidism is likely to present with heat intolerance and excessive sweating.
Thyroid function tests typically include measurement of T3, T4, and T5 levels.
Thyroid function tests typically include measurement of T3, T4, and T5 levels.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is solely based on symptoms reported by the patient.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is solely based on symptoms reported by the patient.
Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed within 2-3 weeks after starting treatment.
Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed within 2-3 weeks after starting treatment.
Patients with hypothyroidism should only monitor TSH levels once a year after treatment initiation.
Patients with hypothyroidism should only monitor TSH levels once a year after treatment initiation.
Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism can occur if a patient with hypothyroidism takes too much thyroid hormone replacement.
Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism can occur if a patient with hypothyroidism takes too much thyroid hormone replacement.
Levothyroxine should always be taken with food to enhance absorption.
Levothyroxine should always be taken with food to enhance absorption.
Pregnant women on thyroid hormone replacement therapy may need to increase their dosage to maintain euthyroid status.
Pregnant women on thyroid hormone replacement therapy may need to increase their dosage to maintain euthyroid status.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by an overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by an overproduction of thyroid hormones.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on elevated levels of TSH and low levels of FT4 in thyroid function tests.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on elevated levels of TSH and low levels of FT4 in thyroid function tests.
Hypothyroidism is defined as an overactive thyroid gland that produces excess thyroid hormones.
Hypothyroidism is defined as an overactive thyroid gland that produces excess thyroid hormones.
A common sign of hypothyroidism is increased sweating.
A common sign of hypothyroidism is increased sweating.
In thyroid function tests, a low TSH level along with high FT4 levels usually indicates hypothyroidism.
In thyroid function tests, a low TSH level along with high FT4 levels usually indicates hypothyroidism.
Cytomel (Liothyronine) is a synthetic T4 preparation.
Cytomel (Liothyronine) is a synthetic T4 preparation.
Patients should immediately report chest pain, palpitations, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, and nervousness while taking Armour Thyroid.
Patients should immediately report chest pain, palpitations, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, and nervousness while taking Armour Thyroid.
Taking T4 at the same time as iron, calcium, antacids, or magnesium will enhance the absorption of T4.
Taking T4 at the same time as iron, calcium, antacids, or magnesium will enhance the absorption of T4.
In hypothyroidism and pregnancy, maternal thyroid hormones provide the fetus with thyroid hormones only for the first 12 weeks of gestation.
In hypothyroidism and pregnancy, maternal thyroid hormones provide the fetus with thyroid hormones only for the first 12 weeks of gestation.
Levothyroxine is the drug of choice during pregnancy for hypothyroidism.
Levothyroxine is the drug of choice during pregnancy for hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the thyroid gland secreting excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the thyroid gland secreting excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.
TSH levels are increased in cases of hypothyroidism.
TSH levels are increased in cases of hypothyroidism.
A patient with hypothyroidism might experience symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and constipation.
A patient with hypothyroidism might experience symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and constipation.
In thyroid function tests, FT3 stands for Free Thyroxine.
In thyroid function tests, FT3 stands for Free Thyroxine.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is solely based on symptoms and does not require any laboratory testing.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is solely based on symptoms and does not require any laboratory testing.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme.
Primary hypothyroidism is characterized by increased activity of the thyroid gland with compensatory decrease in TSH levels.
Primary hypothyroidism is characterized by increased activity of the thyroid gland with compensatory decrease in TSH levels.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include heat intolerance, excessive sweating, and weight loss.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include heat intolerance, excessive sweating, and weight loss.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
In hypothyroidism, Free T4 (FT4) levels are typically above the normal range.
In hypothyroidism, Free T4 (FT4) levels are typically above the normal range.
Thyroid function tests usually include measurement of T3, T4, and T5 levels.
Thyroid function tests usually include measurement of T3, T4, and T5 levels.
Elevated TSH levels are indicative of hyperthyroidism.
Elevated TSH levels are indicative of hyperthyroidism.
Hashimoto's Disease results in overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's Disease results in overproduction of thyroid hormones.
One of the goals of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT) is to prevent neurologic deficits in newborns and children.
One of the goals of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT) is to prevent neurologic deficits in newborns and children.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include excessive sweating, muscle aches/stiffness, and heat intolerance.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include excessive sweating, muscle aches/stiffness, and heat intolerance.
T4 is solely produced by the thyroid gland.
T4 is solely produced by the thyroid gland.
T3 is significantly less biologically active than T4.
T3 is significantly less biologically active than T4.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
Hypothyroidism is defined as an underactive thyroid gland that produces insufficient thyroid hormones.
Hypothyroidism is defined as an underactive thyroid gland that produces insufficient thyroid hormones.
Primary hypothyroidism is characterized by decreased activity of the thyroid gland and compensatory increase in TSH levels.
Primary hypothyroidism is characterized by decreased activity of the thyroid gland and compensatory increase in TSH levels.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking various parts of the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase enzyme.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking various parts of the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase enzyme.
A diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be confirmed solely based on reported signs and symptoms without the need for laboratory testing.
A diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be confirmed solely based on reported signs and symptoms without the need for laboratory testing.
In hypothyroidism, weight gain, fatigue, and constipation are common symptoms experienced by patients.
In hypothyroidism, weight gain, fatigue, and constipation are common symptoms experienced by patients.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on elevated Free T4 levels in thyroid function tests.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on elevated Free T4 levels in thyroid function tests.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are low in cases of hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are low in cases of hyperthyroidism.
Hashimoto's Disease results in the underproduction of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's Disease results in the underproduction of thyroid hormones.
In primary hypothyroidism, TSH levels are elevated.
In primary hypothyroidism, TSH levels are elevated.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be solely based on reported symptoms without the need for laboratory testing.
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be solely based on reported symptoms without the need for laboratory testing.
Hypothyroidism is defined as an underactive thyroid gland that produces insufficient thyroid hormones.
Hypothyroidism is defined as an underactive thyroid gland that produces insufficient thyroid hormones.
In hyperthyroidism, TSH level is low to undetectable.
In hyperthyroidism, TSH level is low to undetectable.
Heat intolerance is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism.
Heat intolerance is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
Hypothyroidism is defined as an overactive thyroid gland that produces excess thyroid hormones.
Hypothyroidism is defined as an overactive thyroid gland that produces excess thyroid hormones.
Symptom resolution in hypothyroidism may take months/years.
Symptom resolution in hypothyroidism may take months/years.
Treatment for hypothyroidism will be life-long.
Treatment for hypothyroidism will be life-long.
Patients with hypothyroidism should monitor TSH and FT4 levels 6 weeks after starting any dose adjustments.
Patients with hypothyroidism should monitor TSH and FT4 levels 6 weeks after starting any dose adjustments.
Taking thyroid medication on an empty stomach (AM or PM) is recommended.
Taking thyroid medication on an empty stomach (AM or PM) is recommended.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed solely based on symptoms reported by the patient.
Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed solely based on symptoms reported by the patient.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the underproduction of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the underproduction of thyroid hormones.
Excessive sweating and heat intolerance are common symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Excessive sweating and heat intolerance are common symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Elevated TSH levels are indicative of hyperthyroidism.
Elevated TSH levels are indicative of hyperthyroidism.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include weight loss and excessive sweating.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include weight loss and excessive sweating.
T4 is more potent than T3 replacement in treating hypothyroidism.
T4 is more potent than T3 replacement in treating hypothyroidism.
Combining T4 with T5 has been found to be effective in resolving symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Combining T4 with T5 has been found to be effective in resolving symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) provides patients with a stable pool of T3.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) provides patients with a stable pool of T3.
Patients with known cardiac disease should start Levothyroxine at a dose of 50 mcg daily.
Patients with known cardiac disease should start Levothyroxine at a dose of 50 mcg daily.
A TSH level of 15 mIU/L typically indicates hyperthyroidism.
A TSH level of 15 mIU/L typically indicates hyperthyroidism.
The target TSH range after starting synthetic T4 replacement therapy is 0.4 to 4 mIU/L.
The target TSH range after starting synthetic T4 replacement therapy is 0.4 to 4 mIU/L.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism begin to resolve once the patient starts hyperthyroidism treatment.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism begin to resolve once the patient starts hyperthyroidism treatment.
It is important to monitor for hyperthyroid symptoms when adjusting the dose of synthetic T4 replacement.
It is important to monitor for hyperthyroid symptoms when adjusting the dose of synthetic T4 replacement.
The recommended time to take synthetic T4 replacement is 30 minutes before breakfast.
The recommended time to take synthetic T4 replacement is 30 minutes before breakfast.
One should adjust the dose of synthetic T4 replacement every 2-3 weeks based on symptoms reported by the patient.
One should adjust the dose of synthetic T4 replacement every 2-3 weeks based on symptoms reported by the patient.
How often should TSH and FT4 levels be monitored after initiating treatment for hypothyroidism or making dose adjustments?
How often should TSH and FT4 levels be monitored after initiating treatment for hypothyroidism or making dose adjustments?
Which symptom resolution timeline is CORRECT for hypothyroidism?
Which symptom resolution timeline is CORRECT for hypothyroidism?
What should a patient do if they suspect they are taking too much thyroid hormone?
What should a patient do if they suspect they are taking too much thyroid hormone?
What is the appropriate action for a pregnant woman on thyroid hormone replacement therapy if she becomes pregnant?
What is the appropriate action for a pregnant woman on thyroid hormone replacement therapy if she becomes pregnant?
Which statement best describes the expected duration of treatment for hypothyroidism?
Which statement best describes the expected duration of treatment for hypothyroidism?
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
Which of the following is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of hypothyroidism?
What does FT4 stand for in thyroid function tests?
What does FT4 stand for in thyroid function tests?
Which of the following best describes Hashimoto's disease?
Which of the following best describes Hashimoto's disease?
Which of the following statements best describes the laboratory parameters seen in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following statements best describes the laboratory parameters seen in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on which of the following?
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on which of the following?
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about thyroid hormones?
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about thyroid hormones?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of Hashimoto's Disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of Hashimoto's Disease?
Which of the following laboratory results is NOT typically found in a patient with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following laboratory results is NOT typically found in a patient with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is the primary goal of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT) in hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is the primary goal of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT) in hypothyroidism?
What is the typical TSH level at which treatment is recommended for hypothyroidism?
What is the typical TSH level at which treatment is recommended for hypothyroidism?
What is the primary cause of Hashimoto's Disease?
What is the primary cause of Hashimoto's Disease?
Which hormone is usually decreased in primary hypothyroidism?
Which hormone is usually decreased in primary hypothyroidism?
Which of the following thyroid function tests is a reliable indicator of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following thyroid function tests is a reliable indicator of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is associated with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is associated with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following statements is true about Hashimoto's Disease?
Which of the following statements is true about Hashimoto's Disease?
What is the primary laboratory finding in a patient with hypothyroidism?
What is the primary laboratory finding in a patient with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Hashimoto's Disease?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Hashimoto's Disease?
Which of the following thyroid function tests would indicate hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following thyroid function tests would indicate hyperthyroidism?
What is the recommended initial starting dose of synthetic T4 replacement (Levothyroxine) for an adult without cardiac disease and a normal body weight?
What is the recommended initial starting dose of synthetic T4 replacement (Levothyroxine) for an adult without cardiac disease and a normal body weight?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the diagnosis of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the diagnosis of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following thyroid hormone preparations contains both T4 and T3?
Which of the following thyroid hormone preparations contains both T4 and T3?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about Hashimoto's Disease?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about Hashimoto's Disease?
Which of the following laboratory findings is typically observed in a patient with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following laboratory findings is typically observed in a patient with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the diagnosis of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the diagnosis of hypothyroidism?
Which of the following medications is NOT recommended as first-line treatment for hypothyroidism?
Which of the following medications is NOT recommended as first-line treatment for hypothyroidism?
Which of the following factors can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine?
Which of the following factors can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine?
Which of the following laboratory parameters is typically found in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following laboratory parameters is typically found in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about hypothyroidism in pregnancy?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about hypothyroidism in pregnancy?