160 Questions
What is the starting dose for Armour Thyroid?
30 mg daily
Which symptoms should a patient immediately report while taking Cytomel (Liothyronine)?
Chest pain and palpitations
During pregnancy, if a woman is on levothyroxine, how much of an increase in dosage may be needed to maintain euthyroid status?
30-50% increase
What is the recommended timing for taking T4 in relation to iron, calcium, antacids, and magnesium?
Take T4 at least 4 hours apart
What are the potential effects of maternal hypothyroidism on pregnancy?
Miscarriage and impaired cognitive development in the fetus
Which of the following signs and symptoms is NOT commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?
Cold intolerance
In Graves' disease, which antibodies stimulate the TSH receptors in the thyroid gland to produce and secrete thyroid hormones?
Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb)
Which laboratory parameter is typically found in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Decreased TSH, decreased FT4
What physical finding is characteristic of hyperthyroidism?
Proptosis (bulging of the eyes)
Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Constipation
Which enzyme attacked by antibodies in Hashimoto's Disease is essential for producing thyroid hormones?
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
Weight loss with increased appetite
Which hormone is usually decreased in primary hypothyroidism?
Free T4 (FT4)
What is one of the goals of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT)?
Normalize labs
At what TSH level is treatment typically recommended for hypothyroidism?
> 11 mIU/L
What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
Uses iodine to create thyroid hormones
In primary hypothyroidism, what happens to TSH levels?
Increase
What does TRH do in the endocrine system?
Instructs the thyroid gland to secrete THs
What is the role of TSH in hyperthyroidism?
Decreases to undetectable levels
How does the hypothalamus respond to persistently low thyroid hormones?
Decreases TRH secretion
What is the recommended monitoring frequency of TSH levels once they are within normal limits for a patient on thyroid hormone replacement therapy?
1-2 times per year
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine?
Vitamin C supplements
According to the American Thyroid Association's guidelines, how long should treatment for hypothyroidism be continued?
Life-long
What is the recommended supplementation of thyroid hormone for a pregnant woman on thyroid hormone replacement therapy?
2 extra tablets per week
Which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Fatigue
Which thyroid hormone is solely produced by the thyroid gland and is significantly less biologically active than another thyroid hormone?
T4 (Thyroxine)
What percentage of T3 is protein-bound and how does it bind to proteins compared to T4?
99%, binds more tightly
What is the half-life of T3 in terms of days?
1 day
In thyroid function tests, what does FT4 stand for?
Free T4
In hypothyroidism, which of the following values is typically observed in Free T4 (FT4) levels?
Decreased
What does a higher-than-normal TSH level usually indicate in thyroid function tests?
Hypothyroidism
Which thyroid hormone exhibits greater biological activity compared to another thyroid hormone?
T3 (Triiodothyronine)
What happens to TSH levels in cases of hyperthyroidism?
Decrease
'Thyroid stimulating hormone' is mainly secreted by which gland?
Pituitary gland
What might a high level of FT4 in TFTs indicate?
Hyperthyroidism
Which of the following best describes the endocrine physiology of the thyroid gland in regards to feedback regulation?
The hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn stimulates the thyroid gland to increase the secretion of thyroid hormones.
Which of the following medications would be most appropriate for a patient with Graves' disease, a form of hyperthyroidism, who is pregnant?
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Which of the following factors can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine?
All of the above
Which of the following is the most common endocrine disorder seen in the postpartum period?
Postpartum thyroiditis
Which of the following is the appropriate TSH reference range for a pregnant woman in her third trimester?
0.1 – 2.5 mIU/L
Thyroid gland secretes more T4 than T3 into circulation
True
T4 is more biologically active than T3
False
T4 has a half-life of 1 day
False
In hypothyroidism, Free T4 levels are typically above the normal range
False
TSH levels are decreased in cases of hyperthyroidism
True
Levothyroxine should be administered once-daily 30-60 minutes after breakfast.
False
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
False
A patient with hypothyroidism is likely to present with heat intolerance and excessive sweating.
False
Thyroid function tests typically include measurement of T3, T4, and T5 levels.
False
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is solely based on symptoms reported by the patient.
False
Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed within 2-3 weeks after starting treatment.
False
Patients with hypothyroidism should only monitor TSH levels once a year after treatment initiation.
False
Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism can occur if a patient with hypothyroidism takes too much thyroid hormone replacement.
True
Levothyroxine should always be taken with food to enhance absorption.
False
Pregnant women on thyroid hormone replacement therapy may need to increase their dosage to maintain euthyroid status.
True
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by an overproduction of thyroid hormones.
False
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on elevated levels of TSH and low levels of FT4 in thyroid function tests.
True
Hypothyroidism is defined as an overactive thyroid gland that produces excess thyroid hormones.
False
A common sign of hypothyroidism is increased sweating.
False
In thyroid function tests, a low TSH level along with high FT4 levels usually indicates hypothyroidism.
False
Cytomel (Liothyronine) is a synthetic T4 preparation.
False
Patients should immediately report chest pain, palpitations, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, and nervousness while taking Armour Thyroid.
False
Taking T4 at the same time as iron, calcium, antacids, or magnesium will enhance the absorption of T4.
False
In hypothyroidism and pregnancy, maternal thyroid hormones provide the fetus with thyroid hormones only for the first 12 weeks of gestation.
False
Levothyroxine is the drug of choice during pregnancy for hypothyroidism.
True
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the thyroid gland secreting excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.
False
TSH levels are increased in cases of hypothyroidism.
True
A patient with hypothyroidism might experience symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and constipation.
True
In thyroid function tests, FT3 stands for Free Thyroxine.
False
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is solely based on symptoms and does not require any laboratory testing.
False
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme.
True
Primary hypothyroidism is characterized by increased activity of the thyroid gland with compensatory decrease in TSH levels.
False
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include heat intolerance, excessive sweating, and weight loss.
False
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
False
In hypothyroidism, Free T4 (FT4) levels are typically above the normal range.
False
Thyroid function tests usually include measurement of T3, T4, and T5 levels.
False
Elevated TSH levels are indicative of hyperthyroidism.
False
Hashimoto's Disease results in overproduction of thyroid hormones.
False
One of the goals of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT) is to prevent neurologic deficits in newborns and children.
True
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include excessive sweating, muscle aches/stiffness, and heat intolerance.
False
T4 is solely produced by the thyroid gland.
True
T3 is significantly less biologically active than T4.
False
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
False
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
False
Hypothyroidism is defined as an underactive thyroid gland that produces insufficient thyroid hormones.
True
Primary hypothyroidism is characterized by decreased activity of the thyroid gland and compensatory increase in TSH levels.
True
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking various parts of the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase enzyme.
True
A diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be confirmed solely based on reported signs and symptoms without the need for laboratory testing.
False
In hypothyroidism, weight gain, fatigue, and constipation are common symptoms experienced by patients.
True
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on elevated Free T4 levels in thyroid function tests.
False
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are low in cases of hyperthyroidism.
True
Hashimoto's Disease results in the underproduction of thyroid hormones.
False
In primary hypothyroidism, TSH levels are elevated.
True
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be solely based on reported symptoms without the need for laboratory testing.
False
Hypothyroidism is defined as an underactive thyroid gland that produces insufficient thyroid hormones.
True
In hyperthyroidism, TSH level is low to undetectable.
True
Heat intolerance is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism.
True
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by antibodies attacking the thyroid gland, including the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme.
True
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be based solely on symptoms reported by the patient.
False
Hypothyroidism is defined as an overactive thyroid gland that produces excess thyroid hormones.
False
Symptom resolution in hypothyroidism may take months/years.
True
Treatment for hypothyroidism will be life-long.
True
Patients with hypothyroidism should monitor TSH and FT4 levels 6 weeks after starting any dose adjustments.
True
Taking thyroid medication on an empty stomach (AM or PM) is recommended.
True
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
False
Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed solely based on symptoms reported by the patient.
False
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by the underproduction of thyroid hormones.
False
Excessive sweating and heat intolerance are common symptoms of hypothyroidism.
False
Elevated TSH levels are indicative of hyperthyroidism.
False
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include weight loss and excessive sweating.
False
T4 is more potent than T3 replacement in treating hypothyroidism.
False
Combining T4 with T5 has been found to be effective in resolving symptoms of hypothyroidism.
False
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) provides patients with a stable pool of T3.
False
Patients with known cardiac disease should start Levothyroxine at a dose of 50 mcg daily.
False
A TSH level of 15 mIU/L typically indicates hyperthyroidism.
False
The target TSH range after starting synthetic T4 replacement therapy is 0.4 to 4 mIU/L.
True
Symptoms of hypothyroidism begin to resolve once the patient starts hyperthyroidism treatment.
False
It is important to monitor for hyperthyroid symptoms when adjusting the dose of synthetic T4 replacement.
True
The recommended time to take synthetic T4 replacement is 30 minutes before breakfast.
False
One should adjust the dose of synthetic T4 replacement every 2-3 weeks based on symptoms reported by the patient.
False
How often should TSH and FT4 levels be monitored after initiating treatment for hypothyroidism or making dose adjustments?
Every 6-8 weeks
Which symptom resolution timeline is CORRECT for hypothyroidism?
Resolution may take months/years
What should a patient do if they suspect they are taking too much thyroid hormone?
Report signs/symptoms of hyperthyroidism
What is the appropriate action for a pregnant woman on thyroid hormone replacement therapy if she becomes pregnant?
Take 2 additional tablets per week
Which statement best describes the expected duration of treatment for hypothyroidism?
Treatment is typically life-long
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
To create thyroid hormones using iodine
Which of the following is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto's disease
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of hypothyroidism?
Weight gain and fatigue
What does FT4 stand for in thyroid function tests?
Free Thyroxine
Which of the following best describes Hashimoto's disease?
An autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland
Which of the following statements best describes the laboratory parameters seen in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Decreased TSH and increased FT4 levels
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Weight gain
Hashimoto's Disease is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
An overactive thyroid gland
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on which of the following?
Symptoms reported by the patient and laboratory tests
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about thyroid hormones?
T4 is more potent than T3
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of Hashimoto's Disease?
Antibodies attacking various parts of the thyroid gland
Which of the following laboratory results is NOT typically found in a patient with hypothyroidism?
Increased Free Triiodothyronine (FT3)
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of hypothyroidism?
Heat intolerance
Which of the following is the primary goal of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT) in hypothyroidism?
Restore thyroid hormone levels within tissues
What is the typical TSH level at which treatment is recommended for hypothyroidism?
11 mIU/L
What is the primary cause of Hashimoto's Disease?
Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland
Which hormone is usually decreased in primary hypothyroidism?
FT4 (Free Thyroxine)
Which of the following thyroid function tests is a reliable indicator of hypothyroidism?
High TSH levels with low FT4 levels
Which of the following symptoms is associated with hypothyroidism?
Increased heart rate
Which of the following statements is true about Hashimoto's Disease?
It is characterized by the destruction of the thyroid gland by the body's immune system
What is the primary laboratory finding in a patient with hypothyroidism?
High TSH and low FT4 levels
Which of the following is a common symptom of Hashimoto's Disease?
Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
Which of the following thyroid function tests would indicate hyperthyroidism?
Low TSH and high FT4 levels
What is the recommended initial starting dose of synthetic T4 replacement (Levothyroxine) for an adult without cardiac disease and a normal body weight?
1.6 mcg/kg/day of ideal body weight
Which of the following statements is true regarding the diagnosis of hypothyroidism?
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is confirmed by elevated TSH levels and low FT4 levels.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?
Heat intolerance
Which of the following thyroid hormone preparations contains both T4 and T3?
Armour Thyroid
Which of the following statements is TRUE about Hashimoto's Disease?
It results in the underproduction of thyroid hormones
Which of the following laboratory findings is typically observed in a patient with hypothyroidism?
High TSH and low FT4
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the diagnosis of hypothyroidism?
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on elevated levels of TSH and low levels of FT4 in thyroid function tests
Which of the following medications is NOT recommended as first-line treatment for hypothyroidism?
Cytomel
Which of the following factors can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine?
All of the above
Which of the following laboratory parameters is typically found in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Low TSH
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy?
Patients with hypothyroidism may need a 30-50% increase in their levothyroxine dosage pre-pregnancy to maintain euthyroid status
Which of the following statements is TRUE about hypothyroidism in pregnancy?
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and congenital defects
Test your knowledge on different thyroid medications including Armour Thyroid and Cytomel. Learn about the dosages, ratios of T4 to T3, and potential adverse effects associated with these medications.
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