Thyroid Hyperfunction Manifestations: Cardiovascular and GI Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is a manifestation of thyroid hyperfunction in the cardiovascular system?

  • Decreased force of cardiac contractions
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Bradycardia
  • Increased rate and force of cardiac contractions (correct)

    • Which of the following is a gastrointestinal manifestation of thyroid hyperfunction?

  • Decreased peristalsis
  • Decreased appetite
  • Increased appetite (correct)
  • Nausea and vomiting

    • A patient with thyroid hyperfunction is experiencing a rapid pulse. What is the most likely reason for this?

  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity
  • Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity
  • Increased rate and force of cardiac contractions (correct)

    • A patient with thyroid hyperfunction is experiencing weight loss. What is the most likely reason for this?

    <p>Increased appetite and increased metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of thyroid hyperfunction that can be mistaken for another condition?

    <p>Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of thyrotoxicosis in patients with preexisting hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Stressors such as infection, trauma, or surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with acute thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment in acute thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>Reducing circulating thyroid hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is used to confirm the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test in thyroid disorders?

    <p>To differentiate Graves' disease from other forms of thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Sustained increase in synthesis and release of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most affected by hyperthyroidism?

    <p>20-40 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for hypermetabolism caused by excess circulating levels of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Thyrotoxicosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk factor for developing hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Excess iodine intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of exophthalmos in patients with thyroid disorders?

    <p>Impaired venous drainage from the orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rare and severe condition that occurs when excess amounts of thyroid hormones are released into the circulation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the eyelids not closing completely in patients with thyroid disorders?

    <p>Exposed corneal surfaces become dry and irritated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of ocular muscle changes in patients with thyroid disorders?

    <p>Diplopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of early treatment in acute thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>It reduces the risk of mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which antibodies contribute to the development of Graves' disease?

    <p>By stimulating the thyroid gland to release T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term consequence of untreated Graves' disease?

    <p>Hypothyroidism due to destruction of thyroid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT a known risk factor for developing Graves' disease?

    <p>Vitamin D deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of excess thyroid hormones on the body?

    <p>Increased metabolism and energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical progression of symptoms in a patient with Graves' disease?

    <p>Few symptoms in early stages, followed by many symptoms in advanced stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thyroid Hyperfunction

    • Cardiovascular system manifestations:

      • Increased blood pressure
      • Increased rate and force of cardiac contractions
      • Bounding, rapid pulse
      • Increased cardiac output
      • Systolic murmurs
      • Dysrhythmias
      • Palpitations
      • Angina

    • Gastrointestinal system manifestations:

      • Increased appetite
      • Increased thirst
      • Weight loss
      • Increased peristalsis

    Thyrotoxicosis

    • Thought to result from stressors (e.g., infection, trauma, surgery) in a patient with preexisting hyperthyroidism
    • Patients having a thyroidectomy are at risk due to manipulation of the hyperactive thyroid gland
    • Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are severe and prominent
    • Manifestations include:
      • Severe tachycardia
      • Heart failure
      • Shock
      • Hyperthermia (up to 106°F [41.1°C])
      • Agitation
      • Delirium
      • Seizures
      • Abdominal pain
      • Vomiting
      • Diarrhea
      • Coma

    Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis

    • Reducing circulating thyroid hormone levels through:
      • Appropriate drug therapy
      • Fever reduction
      • Fluid replacement
      • Elimination or management of the initiating stressors

    Hyperthyroidism

    • Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland with a sustained increase in synthesis and release of thyroid hormones
    • Most common form: Graves' disease
    • Other causes:
      • Toxic nodular goiter
      • Thyroiditis
      • Excess iodine intake
      • Pituitary tumors
      • Thyroid cancer
    • Occurs more frequently in women, especially those 20-40 years old

    Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism

    • Confirmed with findings of:
      • Decreased serum TSH levels
      • Elevated free thyroxine (T4) levels
    • Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) differentiates Graves' disease from other forms of thyroiditis

    Complications of Hyperthyroidism

    • Acute thyrotoxicosis (thyrotoxic crisis, thyroid storm): an acute, severe, and rare condition
    • Life-threatening emergency, but death is rare with early treatment

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the clinical manifestations of thyroid hyperfunction, specifically focusing on the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Identify the symptoms and effects of thyroid hyperfunction on the body. This quiz is perfect for medical students and nursing professionals.

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