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Thyroid Hormones and Their Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Synthesis of thyroid hormones
Regulation of thyroid hormone secretion (correct)
Transport of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream
Binding of thyroid hormones to thyroxin binding globulin

What is the role of thyroglobulin in thyroid hormone synthesis?

Regulation of thyroid hormone secretion by TSH
Transport of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream
Synthesis of thyroid hormones through iodine organification (correct)
Binding of thyroid hormones to thyroxin binding globulin

What is the primary site of T4 to T3 conversion?

Thyroid gland
Liver (correct)
Kidney
Adrenal gland

What is the effect of hyperthyroidism on the heart rate?

Tachycardia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which T4 and T3 are released from the thyroid gland?

Proteolysis of thyroglobulin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of iodine for thyroid hormone synthesis?

Both A and B (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of thyroid hormone action?

Regulation by nuclear receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of iodine organification in thyroglobulin?

Formation of MIT and DIT (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thyroxine-binding globulin?

To transport thyroid hormones in the blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of triiodothyronine binding to high-affinity nuclear receptors?

Promotion or repression of gene transcription (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of starvation on thyroid hormone levels and receptors?

Decreases both circulating T3 and cellular T3 receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the available forms of thyroid hormone replacement therapy?

Levothyroxine (T4) and liothyronine (T3) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of calcitonin in the thyroid gland?

Regulation of plasma calcium levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of thyroglobulin?

A large glycoprotein with 115 tyrosine residues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of inadequate thyroid hormone secretion on children?

It results in mental retardation and dwarfism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cavity within the thyroid follicle?

Follicle lumen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main thyroid hormones synthesized by the thyroid gland?

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thyroid gland in maintaining normal growth and development?

It facilitates optimal metabolism in tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers