Thyroid Hormone Regulation and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two separate hormones produced by the thyroid gland?

T3 and T4 (correct)

T2 and T3

T1 and T2

T4 and T5

How many iodine atoms are present in each molecule of T4?

Five

Three

Four (correct)

Two

What is the major use of iodine in the body?

For muscle growth

For blood circulation

For bone development

By the thyroid (correct)

Which hormones bind and transport T3 and T4?

Thyroxine-binding globulin, transthyretin, and albumin Signup and view all the answers

Where are thyroid hormones synthesized and stored bound to proteins?

In the cells of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the major derangement in iodine deficiency?

Alteration of thyroid function Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone that is essential for normal thyroid function and contains iodine?

Thyroxine Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone responsible for normal thyroid function and contains iodine?

Thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone that is responsible for the alteration of thyroid function in iodine deficiency?

Thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone that binds and transports T3 and T4?

Thyroxine-binding globulin, transthyretin, and albumin Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum free T4?

0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL (10 to 26 pmol/L) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) regarding routine screening of adults for thyroid disease?

Not recommend routine screening of adults Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of measuring free T4 by the dialysis method?

Not affected by variations in protein binding Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is the only metabolically active fraction of T4?

Free (unbound) thyroxine Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum T3?

260 to 480 pg/dL (4.0 to 7.4 pmol/L) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of T4 and T3 are unbound?

0.03% of T4 and 0.3% of T3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of measuring TSH in patients with low or high normal values?

Distinguish subclinical thyroid disease from euthyroid states Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of normal T4 in serum?

5.4 to 11.5 µg/dL (57 to 148 nmol/L) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of measuring total T3 or T4?

Includes protein-bound and free hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the American Thyroid Association's recommendation regarding screening for thyroid disease in pregnant women?

Recommends screening for thyroid disease Signup and view all the answers

What controls thyroid hormone secretion through a negative feedback mechanism?

TSH from the anterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to normal thyroid hormone production, regulated by TRH from the hypothalamus?

Euthyroid Signup and view all the answers

Which thyroid hormone is more potent and rapid in its action than T4?

T3 Signup and view all the answers

What does calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, regulate?

Plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of congenital hypothyroidism?

Intellectual disability and stunted growth Signup and view all the answers

What are the manifestations of hypothyroidism in adults?

Lethargy and slow mentation Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperthyroidism lead to?

A greatly increased metabolic rate and an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the diagnostic evaluation for thyroid function?

Thyroid hormone measurements, thyroid scanning, biopsy, and imaging studies Signup and view all the answers

What should patients being tested for thyroid function be assessed for?

Iodine allergies and medications containing iodine Signup and view all the answers

Why can shellfish allergy be confused with iodine allergy?

Due to a long-held belief, but shellfish allergy is actually due to specific proteins in the shellfish and not iodine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thyroid Hormone Regulation and Function

The thyroid gland efficiently uptakes iodide from the blood and converts it into thyroid hormones.
Thyroid hormone secretion is controlled by TSH from the anterior pituitary gland through a negative feedback mechanism.
Euthyroid refers to normal thyroid hormone production, regulated by TRH from the hypothalamus.
Thyroid hormones control cellular metabolic activity, with T3 being more potent and rapid in its action than T4.
Thyroid hormones influence cellular processes, brain development, and are essential for normal growth.
Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, regulates plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone.
Congenital hypothyroidism results in intellectual disability and stunted growth, while hypothyroidism in adults manifests as lethargy and slow mentation.
Hyperthyroidism leads to a greatly increased metabolic rate and is often associated with an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter).
Diagnostic evaluation for thyroid function includes thyroid hormone measurements, thyroid scanning, biopsy, and imaging studies.
Patients being tested for thyroid function should be assessed for iodine allergies and medications containing iodine.
The relationship between shellfish allergy and iodine allergy is a long-held belief, but shellfish allergy is due to specific proteins in the shellfish and not iodine.
Select medications can interfere with accurate testing of thyroid gland function and should be documented in the patient’s electronic health record.

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Description

Test your knowledge of thyroid hormone regulation and function with this quiz. Explore the role of thyroid hormones in cellular metabolism, growth, and brain development, as well as the impact of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on the body. Delve into diagnostic evaluations and considerations for testing thyroid function.