Thyroid Gland Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which thyroid hormone is significantly less biologically active than T3?

  • T4 (Thyroxine) (correct)
  • TSH-binding protein
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone
  • T3 (Triiodothyronine)

    • What does T3 stand for regarding thyroid function?

  • Triiodothyronine (correct)
  • Triiodothyroxine
  • Thymosin III
  • Tetrodotoxin

    • Which thyroid hormone has a longer half-life, according to the text?

  • TSH-binding protein
  • T3 (Triiodothyronine) (correct)
  • T4 (Thyroxine)
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone

    • Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete T4 and T3?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypothyroidism, which of the following levels is typically elevated?

    <p>TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme attacked in Hashimoto's Disease is crucial for producing thyroid hormones?

    <p>Thyroid peroxidase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism related to the skeletal muscles?

    <p>Muscle aches/stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common sign/symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Warm, flushed skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical laboratory finding in individuals with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group should receive thyroid replacement therapy (TRT) to improve their condition?

    <p>Individuals displaying neurological deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goal of thyroid replacement therapy (TRT) in hypothyroid patients?

    <p>Provide symptomatic relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of TRH in the regulation of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Instructs the pituitary gland to release TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for detecting low levels of thyroid hormones in the body?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In primary hypothyroidism, what happens to TSH levels?

    <p>They increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hypothalamus respond to persistently low levels of thyroid hormones?

    <p>It secretes TRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of elevated levels of thyroid hormones on TRH secretion?

    <p>TRH secretion decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does TSH levels remain low in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Pituitary gland stops releasing TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for symptoms to lessen after starting thyroid treatment?

    <p>2-3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should TSH and FT4 levels be monitored after initiating thyroid treatment?

    <p>6-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended monitoring frequency once TSH levels are within the normal range?

    <p>Yearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient becomes pregnant while on thyroid medication, what may be required?

    <p>Taking 2 extra tabs per week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should thyroid medication be taken to ensure optimal absorption?

    <p>On an empty stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if signs of hyperthyroidism are observed while on thyroid hormone replacement?

    <p>Seek medical advice to adjust the dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale for combining T4 with T3 in hypothyroid patients with normalized TSH but persistent symptoms?

    <p>To provide a more potent replacement of T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the guidelines provided, what is the daily replacement dose of Levothyroxine (Synthroid®) for adults ≥ 61 years of age without evidence of cardiac disease?

    <p>25 to 50 mcg once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time to take synthetic T4 replacement medication according to the text?

    <p>60 minutes before breakfast or 3 hours after dinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target range for TSH levels in patients receiving synthetic T4 replacement therapy?

    <p>0.4 to 4 mIU/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the dose of synthetic T4 replacement be adjusted if needed?

    <p>At 6- or 8-week intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of looking for hyperthyroid symptoms in hypothyroid patients during replacement therapy?

    <p>To avoid overreplacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thyroid Gland Functions

    • Thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones (THs) independently, producing more T4 (Thyroxine) than T3 (Triiodothyronine) into circulation.
    • T4 is solely produced by the thyroid gland and is less biologically active than T3.
    • T3 is more biologically active than T4 and has a half-life of 1 day.

    Thyroid Hormone Conversion

    • T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues.

    Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs)

    • TFTs measure Free T4 (FT4) and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels.
    • Normal FT4 levels: 0.8-2.7 ng/dL.
    • Normal TSH levels: 0.5-4.7 mIU/L.

    Hypothyroidism

    • Condition characterized by decreased thyroid gland activity and compensatory increase in TSH.
    • Primary hypothyroidism can be caused by Hashimoto's Disease, which involves antibodies attacking the thyroid gland.

    Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

    • Dry, thin, cool, coarse skin and hair.
    • Diffuse alopecia.
    • Puffy face, hands, and feet.
    • Brittle nails.
    • Cool peripheral extremities.
    • Slowed reflexes and speech.
    • Bradycardia.
    • Weight gain with poor appetite.
    • Tiredness, weakness, and low energy level.
    • Memory impairment.
    • Muscle aches and stiffness.
    • Carpal tunnel syndrome.
    • Cold intolerance.
    • Hoarseness.
    • Constipation.
    • Menstrual irregularities.
    • Gradual onset of symptoms.

    Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism

    • Signs and symptoms.
    • Lab tests: low FT4 and high TSH.
    • Positive TPO antibodies.

    Goals of Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT)

    • Restore thyroid hormone levels within tissues.
    • Provide symptomatic relief.
    • Prevent neurologic deficits in newborns and children.
    • Normalize labs.

    Who Should be Treated?

    • Patients with TSH > 11 mIU/L.

    Thyroid Replacement Therapy (TRT)

    • Restore thyroid hormone levels within tissues.
    • Use synthetic thyroid hormone (T4) Levothyroxine (Synthroid).
    • Dosing: 1.6 mcg/kg/day IBW for adults ≤60 years old without cardiac disease.
    • Dosing: 25-50 mcg once daily for adults ≥ 61 years old without cardiac disease.
    • Dosing: 12.5-25 mcg/day and titrate up based on tolerability for patients with cardiac disease or TSH 5-10 mIU/L.
    • Monitor TSH and FT4 levels ≥ 6 weeks after initiation or any dose adjustments.
    • Treatment is lifelong.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the function of the thyroid gland and how it regulates the body's physiological functions. This quiz covers the relationship between TSH, FT4, TRH, and how they interact to maintain hormonal balance.

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