Thyroid Disorders-Pathophysiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic thyroid dysfunction seen in Graves' disease?

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Toxic nodular goiter
  • Simple non-toxic goiter
  • Hyperthyroidism (correct)

    • What is the most common autoimmune thyroid disorder?

  • Hashimoto's disease (correct)
  • Amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism
  • Simple non-toxic goiter
  • Exophthalmos

    • Which type of thyroid dysfunction is typically seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

  • Hypothyroidism (correct)
  • Toxic nodular goiter
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Simple non-toxic goiter

    • What is a common symptom associated with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Nervousness and tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by activating antiTSH receptor autoantibodies?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of thiourylenes in treating thyroid disorders?

    <p>Competitively inhibit the interaction of TPO with tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is considered the most dangerous when using thiourylenes for thyroid disorders?

    <p>Neutropenia and agranulocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the additional effect of propylthiouracil in comparison to methimazole in treating thyroid disorders?

    <p>Reduces de-iodination of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by exophthalmos as a common symptom?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incidence rate of neutropenia and agranulocytosis as adverse effects of thiourylenes?

    <p>0.1% - 1.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>Control of plasma [Ca2+]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is mainly responsible for binding T3 and T4 in the blood?

    <p>Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid hormone is more active than T4?

    <p>Tri-iodothyronine (T3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component found in the follicle lumen of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyroglobulin (TG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of the main steps in thyroid hormone synthesis, storage, and secretion?

    <p>Secretion of TG into blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to prepare hyperthyroid subjects for surgical resection of the gland?

    <p>Iodine/iodide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anion inhibits NIS and is used for Graves disease in some countries?

    <p>Perchlorate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to treat hypothyroidism?

    <p>Levothyroxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by exophthalmos and a diffuse goiter?

    <p>Graves disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can cause both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by a benign tumor and typically does not present with exophthalmos?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by a thickening of the skin due to subcutaneous glycosaminoglycan deposition?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug, used for treating arrhythmias, can paradoxically cause hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism due to its rich iodine content?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is caused by prolonged dietary deficiency of iodine, leading to an increase in plasma TRH and eventual thyroid gland enlargement?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can cause overt hypothyroidism in some bipolar disorder/mania patients by decreasing T4 & T3 secretion?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is associated with exophthalmos?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs, also known as exophthalmos, due to antibodies against TSH receptor-like proteins in orbital tissues?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can be used as an alternative to amiodarone in thyroid patients, as it belongs to the same drug class but contains no iodine?

    <p>Dronedarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism and uses the isotope 131I?

    <p>Radio-iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is an autoimmune disease that can be caused by radioiodine treatment of thyroid tumors?

    <p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of the thyroid gland to compensate for low iodine levels?

    <p>The thyroid gland reduces its hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Insufficient iodine intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid hormone receptor is primarily responsible for regulating heart rate and body temperature?

    <p>TRα1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of exophthalmos in Graves' disease?

    <p>Overproduction of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Amiodarone increases the conversion of T4 to T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of toxic nodular goiter?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter is caused by overproduction of thyroid hormones by one or more nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism in iodine deficiency?

    <p>The thyroid gland reduces its hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid hormone receptor is primarily responsible for mediating specific effects in liver metabolism?

    <p>TRβ1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of congenital iodine deficiency syndrome?

    <p>Insufficient iodine intake during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of dietary iodine in the United States?

    <p>Dairy products and fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary cause of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Deficiency of iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Direct toxic effect on the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by exophthalmos?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of toxic nodular goiter?

    <p>High metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug used for arrhythmias can paradoxically cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism due to its iodine content?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism in iodine deficiency?

    <p>Lack of iodine for thyroid hormone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a benign tumor and typically does not present with exophthalmos?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>Regulating calcium levels in blood and bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism and uses the isotope 131I?

    <p>Radioiodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>It is characterized by thyroid gland enlargement without nodules or signs of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom associated with amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Heart rhythm disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of toxic nodular goiter?

    <p>Excessive production of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exophthalmos is a common feature in which of the following thyroid disorders?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to exhibit the symptom of exophthalmos?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of amiodarone often associated with thyroid disorders?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is primarily characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland without any inflammation or nodularity?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exophthalmos is a common symptom associated with which thyroid disorder?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT directly associated with exophthalmos?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of toxic nodular goiter due to excessive thyroid hormone production?

    <p>Atrial fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos) due to antibodies against TSH receptor-like proteins in orbital tissues?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a benign tumor in the thyroid gland and typically does not present with exophthalmos?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can paradoxically cause hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism due to its rich iodine content?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Prolonged dietary deficiency of iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can be used as an alternative to amiodarone in thyroid patients, as it belongs to the same drug class but contains no iodine?

    <p>Dronaderone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by decreased T4 & T3 secretion and can be caused by certain medications?

    <p>Hashimoto`s thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Prolonged dietary deficiency of iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can paradoxically cause hyperthyroidism due to its rich iodine content?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs due to antibodies against TSH receptor-like proteins in orbital tissues?

    <p>Exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of toxic nodular goiter?

    <p>Increased T4 &amp; T3 secretion by autonomous thyroid nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by a thickening of the skin due to subcutaneous glycosaminoglycan deposition?

    <p>Pretibial myxedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by a benign tumor and typically does not present with exophthalmos?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Prolonged dietary deficiency of iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can cause both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Increased iodine uptake by the thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of congenital iodine deficiency syndrome?

    <p>Genetic mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by exophthalmos as a common symptom?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by a thickening of the skin due to subcutaneous glycosaminoglycan deposition?

    <p>Pretibial myxedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to prepare hyperthyroid subjects for surgical resection of the gland?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism in iodine deficiency?

    <p>Prolonged dietary deficiency of iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature of myxedema gives it its name?

    <p>Subcutaneous glycosaminoglycan deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug, commonly used for bipolar disorder/mania, can lead to overt hypothyroidism by decreasing T4 & T3 secretion?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of goiter is typically benign and does not present with exophthalmos?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the protrusion of the eyeballs due to antibodies against TSH receptor-like proteins in orbital tissues?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of toxic nodular goiter due to excessive thyroid hormone production?

    <p>'Normal' thyroid function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Subcutaneous glycosaminoglycan deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily characterized by a benign tumor and typically does not present with exophthalmos?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exophthalmos is a common symptom associated with which condition?

    <p>Amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of toxic nodular goiter?

    <p>Iodine deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT directly associated with exophthalmos?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by decreased T4 and T3 secretion?

    <p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can paradoxically cause hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Prolonged dietary deficiency of iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs, also known as exophthalmos?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by a decrease in thyroid activity and can lead to myxedema in severe cases?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can paradoxically cause hyperthyroidism due to its rich iodine content, and may be masked by drug-induced bradycardia?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is caused by a dietary deficiency of iodine, leading to thyroid gland enlargement?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Graves' disease that is due to antibodies against TSH receptor-like proteins in orbital tissues?

    <p>Exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is caused by a benign tumor and typically does not present with exophthalmos?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism in iodine deficiency?

    <p>Lack of iodine in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Increased iodine uptake by the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Iodine deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid disorder is characterized by exophthalmos as a common symptom?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of toxic nodular goiter?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause hypothyroidism in some patients?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following thyroid disorders is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland without any inflammation or nodularity?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom associated with exophthalmos?

    <p>Protrusion of the eyeballs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following thyroid disorders is characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs due to antibodies against TSH receptor-like proteins in orbital tissues?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary cause of simple non-toxic goiter?

    <p>Iodine deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of severe iodine deficiency as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of food is relatively high in iodine according to the text?

    <p>Fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Heat intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily caused by prolonged dietary deficiency of iodine, leading to an increase in plasma TRH?

    <p>Simple non-toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exophthalmos is a common symptom associated with which thyroid disorder?

    <p>Toxic nodular goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of toxic nodular goiter?

    <p>Thyroid hormone overproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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