Thyroid Disorders and Treatment

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland
Underactive thyroid gland
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (correct)
Radioactive therapy

What is a common oral symptom of hypothyroidism?

Faster tooth decay
Delayed speech
Delayed eruption (correct)
Increased salivation

What is a common sign of hypothyroidism?

Elevated blood pressure
Weight loss
Increased heart rate
Fatigue (correct)

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a dental guideline for patients with hypothyroidism?

Regular dental check-ups for optimal oral care and hygiene (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of PTU treatment?

Agranulocytosis or leukopenia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism that affects the patient's digestive system?

Diarrhea (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a dental complication of hyperthyroidism in children?

Premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of anti-thyroid drugs in treating hyperthyroidism?

To block the production of thyroid hormones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated hyperthyroidism on the bones?

Osteoporosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of beta blockers in treating hyperthyroidism?

To block the action of thyroid hormone in the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential long-term consequence of radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Hypothyroidism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?

Adenoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone produced by the parathyroid gland?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of hypoparathyroidism?

Tingling lips, fingers, and toes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a dental complication of Cushing's syndrome?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treating Cushing's syndrome?

To manage the underlying cause of the syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dental concern for patients with hyperparathyroidism?

Bone fractures (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dental concern for patients with hypoparathyroidism?

Dental caries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the parathyroid gland?

Regulating calcium levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of Cushing's syndrome?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of dental guidelines for patients with parathyroid dysfunction diseases?

To raise awareness of the risks and difficulties during dental management (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cushing's Syndrome

Causes: excess cortisol production
Signs and symptoms:
Red, round face
Poor wound healing
High blood pressure
Excessive hair growth
Diabetes
Purple stretch marks
Easy bruising
General weakness and tiredness
Blurry vision and dizziness
Weak muscles and thinner arms and legs
Libido changes and erectile dysfunction
Stunted growth in children
Increased susceptibility to oral infections
Alveolar bone loss
Treatment:
Depends on the underlying cause
Tapering off medications or shifting to non-steroid medications
Medications that block the effects of cortisol
Dental guidelines:
Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients at risk of immunosuppression
Regular dental check-ups and preventive oral healthcare
Steroid supplementation not indicated for dental procedures

Parathyroid Dysfunction Diseases

Hyperparathyroidism

Causes: excess parathyroid hormone production
Signs and symptoms:
Osteoporosis
Kidney stones
Excessive urination
Stomach pain
Tiring easily or weakness
Depression or forgetfulness
Bone and joint pain
Frequent complaints of illness with no clear cause
Nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite
Treatment: not specified

Hypoparathyroidism

Causes: underproduction of parathyroid hormone
Signs and symptoms:
Tingling lips, fingers, and toes
Muscle cramps
Muscle spasms - tetany
Abdominal pain
Abnormal heart rhythm
Brittle nails
Cataracts
Calcium deposits in some tissues
Decreased consciousness
Dry hair
Dry, scaly skin
Pain in the face, legs, and feet
Painful menstruation
Seizures
Treatment: not specified
Dental guidelines:
Weakened tooth enamel
Teeth do not grow in time or not at all
Increased risk for dental caries

Hypothyroidism

Causes: underactive thyroid gland
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (most common cause)
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland
Radioactive therapy
Signs and symptoms:
Fatigue
Weight gain
Depression
Constipation
Feeling cold
Decreased sweating
Slowed heart rate
Elevated blood cholesterol
Dry skin
Dry, thinning hair
Impaired memory
Muscle weakness
Muscle stiffness, aches, and tenderness
Pain and stiffness of the joints
Oral signs and symptoms:
Delayed eruption
Enamel hypoplasia in both dentition
Macroglossia
Micrognathia
Anterior open bite
Thick lips
Dysgeusia
Diagnostic tests: thyroid function tests
Treatment: thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Dental guidelines: regular dental check-ups for optimal oral care and hygiene

Hyperthyroidism

Signs and symptoms:
Unintentional weight loss
Palpitations
Tremors
Heat intolerance
Anxiety
Irritability
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Increased frequency of bowel movements
Hair loss
Loss of libido
Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in women
Oral signs and symptoms:
Premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth in children
Premature eruption of permanent teeth
Osteoporosis may affect the alveolar bone
Dental caries and periodontal disease may appear and develop rapidly
Burning tongue
Diagnostic tests: thyroid function tests
Treatment:
Anti-thyroid drugs (propylthiouracil or methimazole)
Beta blocker (propranolol)
Radioactive iodine
Surgery (thyroidectomy)
Dental guidelines: regular dental check-ups for optimal oral care and hygiene, avoid the use of adrenaline and control the spread of infection.

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Description

Learn about the causes and management of thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, as well as medications and considerations for patients.