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Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
What is a common oral symptom of hypothyroidism?
What is a common sign of hypothyroidism?
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?
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What is a dental guideline for patients with hypothyroidism?
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What is a possible complication of PTU treatment?
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What is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism that affects the patient's digestive system?
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Which of the following is a dental complication of hyperthyroidism in children?
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What is the primary goal of anti-thyroid drugs in treating hyperthyroidism?
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What is a potential consequence of untreated hyperthyroidism on the bones?
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What is the purpose of beta blockers in treating hyperthyroidism?
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What is a potential long-term consequence of radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism?
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What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?
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What is the primary hormone produced by the parathyroid gland?
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What is the primary symptom of hypoparathyroidism?
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Which of the following is a dental complication of Cushing's syndrome?
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What is the primary goal of treating Cushing's syndrome?
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What is the primary dental concern for patients with hyperparathyroidism?
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What is the primary dental concern for patients with hypoparathyroidism?
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What is the primary role of the parathyroid gland?
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What is a common sign of Cushing's syndrome?
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What is the primary goal of dental guidelines for patients with parathyroid dysfunction diseases?
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Study Notes
Cushing's Syndrome
- Causes: excess cortisol production
- Signs and symptoms:
- Red, round face
- Poor wound healing
- High blood pressure
- Excessive hair growth
- Diabetes
- Purple stretch marks
- Easy bruising
- General weakness and tiredness
- Blurry vision and dizziness
- Weak muscles and thinner arms and legs
- Libido changes and erectile dysfunction
- Stunted growth in children
- Increased susceptibility to oral infections
- Alveolar bone loss
- Treatment:
- Depends on the underlying cause
- Tapering off medications or shifting to non-steroid medications
- Medications that block the effects of cortisol
- Dental guidelines:
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients at risk of immunosuppression
- Regular dental check-ups and preventive oral healthcare
- Steroid supplementation not indicated for dental procedures
Parathyroid Dysfunction Diseases
Hyperparathyroidism
- Causes: excess parathyroid hormone production
- Signs and symptoms:
- Osteoporosis
- Kidney stones
- Excessive urination
- Stomach pain
- Tiring easily or weakness
- Depression or forgetfulness
- Bone and joint pain
- Frequent complaints of illness with no clear cause
- Nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite
- Treatment: not specified
Hypoparathyroidism
- Causes: underproduction of parathyroid hormone
- Signs and symptoms:
- Tingling lips, fingers, and toes
- Muscle cramps
- Muscle spasms - tetany
- Abdominal pain
- Abnormal heart rhythm
- Brittle nails
- Cataracts
- Calcium deposits in some tissues
- Decreased consciousness
- Dry hair
- Dry, scaly skin
- Pain in the face, legs, and feet
- Painful menstruation
- Seizures
- Treatment: not specified
- Dental guidelines:
- Weakened tooth enamel
- Teeth do not grow in time or not at all
- Increased risk for dental caries
Hypothyroidism
- Causes: underactive thyroid gland
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis (most common cause)
- Surgical removal of the thyroid gland
- Radioactive therapy
- Signs and symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Depression
- Constipation
- Feeling cold
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed heart rate
- Elevated blood cholesterol
- Dry skin
- Dry, thinning hair
- Impaired memory
- Muscle weakness
- Muscle stiffness, aches, and tenderness
- Pain and stiffness of the joints
- Oral signs and symptoms:
- Delayed eruption
- Enamel hypoplasia in both dentition
- Macroglossia
- Micrognathia
- Anterior open bite
- Thick lips
- Dysgeusia
- Diagnostic tests: thyroid function tests
- Treatment: thyroid hormone replacement therapy
- Dental guidelines: regular dental check-ups for optimal oral care and hygiene
Hyperthyroidism
- Signs and symptoms:
- Unintentional weight loss
- Palpitations
- Tremors
- Heat intolerance
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Fatigue
- Muscle weakness
- Increased frequency of bowel movements
- Hair loss
- Loss of libido
- Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in women
- Oral signs and symptoms:
- Premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth in children
- Premature eruption of permanent teeth
- Osteoporosis may affect the alveolar bone
- Dental caries and periodontal disease may appear and develop rapidly
- Burning tongue
- Diagnostic tests: thyroid function tests
- Treatment:
- Anti-thyroid drugs (propylthiouracil or methimazole)
- Beta blocker (propranolol)
- Radioactive iodine
- Surgery (thyroidectomy)
- Dental guidelines: regular dental check-ups for optimal oral care and hygiene, avoid the use of adrenaline and control the spread of infection.
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Description
Learn about the causes and management of thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, as well as medications and considerations for patients.
