Thyroid Disorders and Diagnosis
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Questions and Answers

What is Reverse T3 (rT3) used to assess?

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Thyroid storm
  • Borderline or conflicting laboratory results (correct)
  • Congenital hypothyroidism
  • What is Euthyroid sick syndrome also known as?

  • Thyroid crisis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (correct)
  • What is a primary increase in the concentration of TBG seen in?

  • Thyroid crisis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Pregnancy and estrogen therapy (correct)
  • What is a primary decrease in the concentration of TBG seen in?

    <p>Nephrotic syndrome, decreased protein production, and ingestion of certain drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do hospitalized patients, especially critically ill patients, often have abnormal thyroid function tests?

    <p>Due to illness decreasing 5-monodeiodinase activity, leading to less T4 being converted to active T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical laboratory pattern seen in non-thyroidal illness?

    <p>Low total T4, free T4, and TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind Chemiluminescent immunoassay?

    <p>Oxidized product emits light in the presence of luminol or acridium esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in immunoassay?

    <p>It is an enzyme label used in Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT)?

    <p>Unlabeled analyte competes with enzyme-labeled analyte for antibody binding sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the rate of product formation and the analyte concentration in EMIT?

    <p>The rate of product formation is directly proportional to the analyte concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) resemble ELISA?

    <p>Both use double-antibody system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate tool in the evaluation of thyroid nodules?

    <p>Fine Needle Aspirate Biopsy (FNAB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of early detection and treatment in neonates with thyroid hormone deficiency?

    <p>To eliminate severe mental retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most sensitive test for neonatal screening of hypothyroidism?

    <p>TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of Fluorescent Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) in measuring thyroxine?

    <p>Competitive reaction: fluorophore-labeled thyroxine competes with patient thyroxine for antibody in a homogeneous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of Fluorescent Substrate-Labeled Inhibition Immunoassay in measuring thyroxine?

    <p>Competitive reaction: fluorogenic substrate-labeled thyroxine competes with patient T4 for antibody in a homogeneous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest level of fluorescence emitted in Fluorescent Substrate-Labeled Inhibition Immunoassay?

    <p>By sample or standard with highest levels of T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

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