Thyroid Disorders and Diagnosis

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What is Reverse T3 (rT3) used to assess?

Hypothyroidism
Thyroid storm
Borderline or conflicting laboratory results (correct)
Congenital hypothyroidism

What is Euthyroid sick syndrome also known as?

Thyroid crisis
Hypothyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (correct)

What is a primary increase in the concentration of TBG seen in?

Thyroid crisis
Hypothyroidism
Nephrotic syndrome
Pregnancy and estrogen therapy (correct)

What is a primary decrease in the concentration of TBG seen in?

Nephrotic syndrome, decreased protein production, and ingestion of certain drugs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do hospitalized patients, especially critically ill patients, often have abnormal thyroid function tests?

Due to illness decreasing 5-monodeiodinase activity, leading to less T4 being converted to active T3 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical laboratory pattern seen in non-thyroidal illness?

Low total T4, free T4, and TSH (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind Chemiluminescent immunoassay?

Oxidized product emits light in the presence of luminol or acridium esters (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in immunoassay?

It is an enzyme label used in Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT)?

Unlabeled analyte competes with enzyme-labeled analyte for antibody binding sites (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the rate of product formation and the analyte concentration in EMIT?

The rate of product formation is directly proportional to the analyte concentration (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) resemble ELISA?

Both use double-antibody system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate tool in the evaluation of thyroid nodules?

Fine Needle Aspirate Biopsy (FNAB) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of early detection and treatment in neonates with thyroid hormone deficiency?

To eliminate severe mental retardation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most sensitive test for neonatal screening of hypothyroidism?

TSH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of Fluorescent Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) in measuring thyroxine?

Competitive reaction: fluorophore-labeled thyroxine competes with patient thyroxine for antibody in a homogeneous system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of Fluorescent Substrate-Labeled Inhibition Immunoassay in measuring thyroxine?

Competitive reaction: fluorogenic substrate-labeled thyroxine competes with patient T4 for antibody in a homogeneous system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest level of fluorescence emitted in Fluorescent Substrate-Labeled Inhibition Immunoassay?

By sample or standard with highest levels of T4 (C) Signup and view all the answers