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Questions and Answers
What was one of the main motivations for the establishment of the 13 colonies?
What was one of the main motivations for the establishment of the 13 colonies?
What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
Which social group was primarily responsible for pushing the agenda during the French Revolution?
Which social group was primarily responsible for pushing the agenda during the French Revolution?
What was a significant outcome of the French Revolution?
What was a significant outcome of the French Revolution?
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During the Great Plague of 1665-1666, what percentage of London’s population was lost?
During the Great Plague of 1665-1666, what percentage of London’s population was lost?
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What was one symptom of the plague mentioned in the content?
What was one symptom of the plague mentioned in the content?
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What aspect of society contributed to the anger of the commoners during the French Revolution?
What aspect of society contributed to the anger of the commoners during the French Revolution?
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What did the Jacobins advocate for during the French Revolution?
What did the Jacobins advocate for during the French Revolution?
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What was one of the main causes of the English Civil War?
What was one of the main causes of the English Civil War?
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Who became the Lord Protector of England after the execution of Charles I?
Who became the Lord Protector of England after the execution of Charles I?
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What significant event took place in 1688 during the Glorious Revolution?
What significant event took place in 1688 during the Glorious Revolution?
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What nickname is given to Charles II due to his enjoyment of festivities?
What nickname is given to Charles II due to his enjoyment of festivities?
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Which group attempted to overthrow King James II due to his Catholic faith?
Which group attempted to overthrow King James II due to his Catholic faith?
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What was one major consequence of the protection granted by James II to Catholics?
What was one major consequence of the protection granted by James II to Catholics?
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What was a common characteristic of London during the reign of Charles II?
What was a common characteristic of London during the reign of Charles II?
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What did the execution of Charles I lead to in England?
What did the execution of Charles I lead to in England?
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Study Notes
English Civil War
- Took place in 17th century England
- Conflict between monarchy and parliament
- Causes included the divine right of kings and feudal structures
Timeline of the English Civil War
- 1625-1649: Reign of Charles I
- 1642-1651: English Civil War (Royalists vs. Parliamentarians)
- 1649: Charles I executed, England declared a republic
- 1653: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector
Glorious Revolution
- 1660: Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II
- Charles II had disagreements with parliament
- He did not want to repeat the mistakes of his father (Charles I)
- He avoided discussing religion publicly.
- On his deathbed, Charles II declared himself a Catholic
- Protestants hoped that James II, Charles' brother, would be succeeded by a Protestant monarch.
- However, James II had a son who was Catholic.
- This upset Protestants.
- 1688: Parliament asked James II's Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to rule England
- This event, known as the Glorious Revolution, was the decisive end to Stuart rule
- Both William and Mary reigned jointly over England.
The English Civil War (Causes)
- Religious disputes
- Political disagreements
- Economic tensions
- Power struggles between the monarch and Parliament
- Feudal Structures
The English Civil War (Participants)
- Royalists: Supported the king
- Parliamentarians: Supported Parliament
Aftermath of the English Civil War
- Charles II took the throne and ruled as King.
- Charles II had to placate Parliament to maintain power.
- Religious disputes continued.
The Glorious Revolution (Details)
- James II, a Catholic, became King of England.
- This spurred fears about Catholic rule and the king's desire for absolute power
- The fear led to the Glorious Revolution.
- Parliament invited William of Orange and Mary of Orange to take the throne.
London in the 17th Century (Description)
- London was a dirty and overcrowded city
- Narrow streets were made of cobblestone
- Sanitation was poor, with no toilets and open sewage
- Water from the River Thames was often dirty
The American War of Independence
- Conflict between Great Britain and its 13 American colonies
- Colonists sought independence due to taxation without representation and other grievances.
- Colonists wanted to be self-governing and control their own finances.
- Colonists also wanted religious freedom and to have more political influence.
The French Revolution
- Began in 1789
- Events included the storming of the Bastille
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
- Conflict between the monarchy and the commoners
- King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed
- The Revolution was marked by period known as the Reign of Terror
French Revolution (Causes)
- Political Inefficiency and Corruption in the French Monarchy
- Social Injustices (High social inequality, unequal tax burdens, and discrimination faced by commoners )
- Financial Crises (Poor economic policies led to severe financial instability in France)
- Economic Disparity and Poverty
- Enlightenment Ideas about rights and freedom
The Great Plague
- Severe outbreak of the bubonic plague in 17th century
- Hundreds of thousands of deaths
- London experienced some of the worst fatalities.
- It struck between 1665-1666
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