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Questions and Answers
What structure prevents backflow of blood during systole in the heart?
What structure prevents backflow of blood during systole in the heart?
- Papillary muscles (correct)
- Aortic valve
- Chordae tendineae
- Bicuspid valve
Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the heart?
Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the heart?
- Venae cavae
- Pulmonary veins (correct)
- Coronary arteries
- Pulmonary arteries
What is the primary function of the aorta in the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary function of the aorta in the cardiovascular system?
- Distribute oxygenated blood to the body (correct)
- Pump blood to the lungs
- Collect deoxygenated blood
- Connect the heart to the coronary veins
Which of the following chambers of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary circulation?
Which of the following chambers of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary circulation?
What role do the coronary arteries play in the heart's functionality?
What role do the coronary arteries play in the heart's functionality?
Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Which structure is primarily responsible for anchoring the valve cusps in the heart?
Which structure is primarily responsible for anchoring the valve cusps in the heart?
The right ventricle primarily pumps blood into which vessel?
The right ventricle primarily pumps blood into which vessel?
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
Which layer of the heart wall is primarily composed of cardiac muscle tissue?
Which layer of the heart wall is primarily composed of cardiac muscle tissue?
Which structure separates the left and right atria of the heart?
Which structure separates the left and right atria of the heart?
What is located in the coronary sulcus of the heart?
What is located in the coronary sulcus of the heart?
What is the role of the chordae tendineae in the heart?
What is the role of the chordae tendineae in the heart?
Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation?
Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation?
Where is the apex of the heart typically located?
Where is the apex of the heart typically located?
What is the primary role of the endocardium?
What is the primary role of the endocardium?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the right ventricle?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the right ventricle?
What is the function of the pericardium surrounding the heart?
What is the function of the pericardium surrounding the heart?
Which of the following layers is the outermost layer of the heart wall?
Which of the following layers is the outermost layer of the heart wall?
Which anatomical landmark corresponds to the location where the trachea bifurcates?
Which anatomical landmark corresponds to the location where the trachea bifurcates?
What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?
What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?
Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle?
Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle?
What is the primary function of the myocardium layer of the heart?
What is the primary function of the myocardium layer of the heart?
What is the role of the endocardium in the heart?
What is the role of the endocardium in the heart?
Which of the following describes the structure of the heart valves?
Which of the following describes the structure of the heart valves?
What is the function of the left atrium of the heart?
What is the function of the left atrium of the heart?
Which of the following structures separates the left and right atria?
Which of the following structures separates the left and right atria?
Flashcards
Papillary Muscles function
Papillary Muscles function
Prevent backflow of blood during heart contraction (systole).
Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Blood flow from the heart to the lungs (and back), picking up oxygen.
Left Ventricle Function
Left Ventricle Function
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.
Coronary Circulation
Coronary Circulation
Blood supply to the heart muscle itself.
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Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Blood flow from the heart to the body (and back), delivering oxygen.
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Bicuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Valve between left atrium and left ventricle.
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Cardiac Veins function
Cardiac Veins function
Return deoxygenated blood from the heart to the right atrium.
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Coronary Arteries
Coronary Arteries
Bring oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
A disease where fatty deposits build up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart.
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Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
A heart attack; decreased blood supply to the heart muscle, causing tissue damage.
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Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
A condition where a small opening in the heart, normally closing at birth, doesn't close completely.
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
A condition where a blood vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery in a fetus doesn't close after birth.
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Thoracic Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
The chest cavity, containing the heart, lungs, and other organs.
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Mediastinum
Mediastinum
The central part of the thoracic cavity, holding the heart and other structures.
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CPR
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; emergency procedure to revive someone whose heart and breathing have stopped.
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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels, like heart attacks and strokes.
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Foramen Ovale
Foramen Ovale
A fetal shunt that allows blood to bypass the developing lungs.
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Pleurual Cavities
Pleurual Cavities
The two areas surrounding the lungs in the thoracic cavity.
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Thoracic Cage
Thoracic Cage
The bony structure surrounding and protecting the organs within the chest.
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Heart Location
Heart Location
Located within the anterior mediastinum, left of the midline, and on top of the diaphragm.
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Pericardium
Pericardium
A protective membrane surrounding the heart, composed of fibrous and serous layers.
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Heart Wall Layers
Heart Wall Layers
Epicardium (outer), Myocardium (muscle), and Endocardium (inner).
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Coronary Sulcus
Coronary Sulcus
Groove separating the atria and ventricles of the heart.
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Right Atrium
Right Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.
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Chordae Tendineae
Chordae Tendineae
Tendons connecting the tricuspid valve cusps to the papillary muscles of the ventricles.
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Interatrial Septum
Interatrial Septum
The wall separating the right and left atria.
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Thorax
- The thorax comprises the thoracic cage, two pleural cavities surrounding the lungs, and the mediastinum.
- The mediastinum lies between the pleural cavities and contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vagus and phrenic nerves, thymus, and the thoracic duct.
Heart
- The heart is located within the mediastinum, anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum, and medial to the lungs.
- It's roughly the size of a fist.
- The heart sits superior to the diaphragm and is roughly positioned in the center of the thorax.
Pericardium
- The pericardium is a protective membrane that surrounds the heart.
- It has two main parts:
- Fibrous pericardium: a tough, dense, irregular connective tissue that prevents overstretching and anchors the heart
- Serous pericardium: delicate, double layer serous membrane with fluid in the cavity between the membranes.
Heart Wall Layers
- The heart wall comprises several layers:
- Epicardium (visceral pericardium): The outer layer, containing blood and lymphatic vessels.
- Myocardium: The middle layer, composed of cardiac muscle tissue.
- Endocardium: The inner layer, consisting of endothelium over connective tissue.
Heart Anatomy
- The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation.
- The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.
- The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
- The left ventricle pumps blood to the body through the aorta.
Coronary Circulation
- Coronary circulation is the blood supply to the heart muscle.
- Coronary arteries (right and left) originate from the aorta.
- Cardiac veins return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
Fetal Shunts
- Foramen ovale: a fetal shunt that allows oxygenated blood to flow from the right to the left atria.
- Ductus arteriosus: a fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
Diseases of the Heart
- Coronary artery disease (CAD): characterized by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries.
- Myocardial infarction (MI): a heart attack, often caused by CAD.
Cardiopulmonary System
- The cardiopulmonary system encompasses flow and regulation of blood between the heart and lungs.
- It includes the heart, lungs, arteries, veins, coronary blood vessels, and portal vessels.
Thoracic Cavity
- The thoracic cavity is an irregular shaped cylinder with a narrow superior opening and wide inferior opening.
- It is divided into 3 compartments:
- The left and right pleural cavities surrounding each lung
- The mediastinum
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