30 Questions
Which muscle assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure, flexing and rotating the trunk?
External abdominal oblique
Where does the inferior epigastric artery arise from?
External iliac artery
What is the unique feature of the superficial fascia of the lower portion of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
It is more extensive inferiorly
What is the function of the rectus abdominis muscle?
All of the above
Which artery supplies the lower portion of the rectus abdominis?
Inferior epigastric artery
What is the origin of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?
Thoracolumbar fascia; anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
What is the insertion point of the rectus abdominis muscle?
Xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7
What is the primary function of the transversus abdominis muscle?
Raise intra-abdominal pressure
Which nerve innervates the external abdominal oblique muscle?
T6/7-T11 intercostal nerves
What is the structure that forms the vertical seam at the midline where the aponeuroses from each side meet?
Linea alba
Which of the following is a function of the anterolateral thoracic wall?
Containment/protection of vital viscera
Which structures articulate directly with the sternum?
True ribs
What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?
First rib, superior border of manubrium, first thoracic vertebra
Which ribs possess a small costal cartilage at their tips but do not articulate with the sternum?
Floating ribs (11 and 12)
Where does each typical rib articulate with its respective thoracic vertebra?
At 2 places: facet for tubercle of rib and facet for head of rib
What is the function of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
Produce intra-abdominal pressure changes
Which ribs articulate with the sternum indirectly, by way of the costal cartilage of rib 7?
False ribs (8-12)
Which structures participate in respiration?
Anterolateral thoracic wall and diaphragm
What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?
Costal margin, inferior sternum, 12th thoracic vertebra
What is the function of the thoracic cage?
Containment/protection of vital viscera
Which muscle is part of the layers of the anterolateral thoracic wall?
Pectoralis major
Where is the neurovascular plane located in the anterior abdominal wall?
Between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis
How many pairs of ribs articulate with the sternum via synovial joints?
7
What separates the pleural cavities and the thoracic wall?
Endothoracic fascia
Which muscle is not part of the layers of the anterolateral thoracic wall?
External oblique
What serves the function of containing and protecting vital organs in the abdominal wall?
Endoabdominal fascia
What is the inferior border of the external oblique muscle?
Inguinal ligament
How are the layers and arrangement of the abdominal muscles related to those of the intercostals in the thoracic region?
They have a common embryonic origin
Where is the neurovascular plane located in the thoracic wall?
Between the internal and innermost intercostal layers
What is the significance of the endothoracic fascia in abdominal wall anatomy?
It separates the pleural cavities and the thoracic wall
Study Notes
Thoracic and Abdominal Wall Anatomy
- The thoracic cage consists of 12 pairs of ribs, with ribs 1-10 articulating via costal cartilages and ribs 2-7 articulating with the sternum via synovial joints.
- Ribs articulate with the vertebral column, with different movements possible at each articulation point.
- Counting ribs involves starting posteriorly at the vertebra prominens and anteriorly at the sternal angle.
- The layers of the anterolateral thoracic wall include extrinsic muscles like pectoralis major & minor and intrinsic muscles like intercostals.
- The neurovascular plane is located between the internal and innermost intercostal layers.
- The endothoracic fascia separates the pleural cavities and the thoracic wall and is important surgically.
- The anterior abdominal wall serves functions like containing and protecting vital organs and facilitating movement of GI, reproductive, and urogenital contents.
- It consists of layers like the superficial fascia, containing Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia, and muscles including external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.
- The inferior border of the external oblique is the inguinal ligament, and the neurovascular plane is located between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis.
- The layers and arrangement of the abdominal muscles resemble those of the intercostals in the thoracic region due to their common embryonic origin.
- The endoabdominal fascia is given regional names and is important in abdominal wall anatomy.
- The boundaries and extent of the membranous layer in the anterior abdominal wall are illustrated, covering the external genitalia as well.
Test your knowledge of thoracic and abdominal wall anatomy with this quiz. Explore the layers, muscles, and neurovascular planes of the thoracic cage and anterior abdominal wall, and learn about the articulations and movements of ribs and the functions of the anterior abdominal wall.
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