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Questions and Answers
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris?
What is the name of the large vein that travels along the medial side of the leg?
What is the name of the large vein that travels along the medial side of the leg?
Great saphenous vein
The femoral nerve is located in the posterior compartment of the thigh.
The femoral nerve is located in the posterior compartment of the thigh.
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What is the name of the structure where the femoral artery, vein, and nerve pass through as they travel deep to the inguinal ligament?
What is the name of the structure where the femoral artery, vein, and nerve pass through as they travel deep to the inguinal ligament?
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The vastus lateralis muscle is located in the medial compartment of the thigh.
The vastus lateralis muscle is located in the medial compartment of the thigh.
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What is the primary function of the hamstrings?
What is the primary function of the hamstrings?
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What is the name of the small, sesamoid bone located within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris?
What is the name of the small, sesamoid bone located within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the hip joint?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the hip joint?
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What is the primary action of the pectineus muscle?
What is the primary action of the pectineus muscle?
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Which nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Which nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT included in the quadriceps femoris group?
Which of the following muscles is NOT included in the quadriceps femoris group?
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Where does the iliopsoas muscle insert on the femur?
Where does the iliopsoas muscle insert on the femur?
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What is the primary action of the adductor longus muscle?
What is the primary action of the adductor longus muscle?
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Which nerve innervates the adductor part of the adductor magnus muscle?
Which nerve innervates the adductor part of the adductor magnus muscle?
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The insertion point of the adductor brevis is located on which structure?
The insertion point of the adductor brevis is located on which structure?
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What is the action associated with the hamstring part of the adductor magnus muscle?
What is the action associated with the hamstring part of the adductor magnus muscle?
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What is the origin of the adductor brevis muscle?
What is the origin of the adductor brevis muscle?
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Which muscle does NOT primarily adduct the thigh?
Which muscle does NOT primarily adduct the thigh?
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Which of the following muscles has its origin at the ischiopubic ramus?
Which of the following muscles has its origin at the ischiopubic ramus?
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Which muscle's action includes flexing the tibia at the knee joint?
Which muscle's action includes flexing the tibia at the knee joint?
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What is the origin of the sartorius muscle?
What is the origin of the sartorius muscle?
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What muscle inserts at the pes anserinus?
What muscle inserts at the pes anserinus?
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Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the sartorius muscle?
Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the sartorius muscle?
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What is the common function of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius muscles?
What is the common function of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius muscles?
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Where does the quadriceps tendon attach?
Where does the quadriceps tendon attach?
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Which structure primarily comprises all four quadriceps muscles?
Which structure primarily comprises all four quadriceps muscles?
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What is the action of the rectus femoris?
What is the action of the rectus femoris?
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Which of the following muscles has its origin at the linea aspera on the femur?
Which of the following muscles has its origin at the linea aspera on the femur?
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Which nerves supply the anterior thigh?
Which nerves supply the anterior thigh?
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What structure does the saphenous nerve innervate?
What structure does the saphenous nerve innervate?
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Which of the following accurately describes the path of the femoral nerve?
Which of the following accurately describes the path of the femoral nerve?
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What function do the muscular branches of the femoral nerve primarily serve?
What function do the muscular branches of the femoral nerve primarily serve?
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What is the role of the obturator nerve?
What is the role of the obturator nerve?
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Which of the following correctly describes the obturator nerve's passage?
Which of the following correctly describes the obturator nerve's passage?
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The femoral nerve does NOT provide which of the following types of innervation?
The femoral nerve does NOT provide which of the following types of innervation?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the femoral nerve?
Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the femoral nerve?
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What is the primary function of the obturator artery?
What is the primary function of the obturator artery?
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Which artery is also known as the deep artery of the thigh?
Which artery is also known as the deep artery of the thigh?
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What does the deep femoral artery primarily supply?
What does the deep femoral artery primarily supply?
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Which branch of the deep femoral artery supplies the hamstring muscles?
Which branch of the deep femoral artery supplies the hamstring muscles?
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Where do the circumflex femoral arteries arise from?
Where do the circumflex femoral arteries arise from?
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Which artery supplies the skin of the anterior thigh?
Which artery supplies the skin of the anterior thigh?
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Which muscle's origin is located at the ischial tuberosity?
Which muscle's origin is located at the ischial tuberosity?
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What role does the artery of the ligament of the head of the femur serve?
What role does the artery of the ligament of the head of the femur serve?
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What is the primary characteristic of the perforating branches from the profunda femoris artery?
What is the primary characteristic of the perforating branches from the profunda femoris artery?
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What is the insertion point of the Semimembranosus muscle?
What is the insertion point of the Semimembranosus muscle?
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What is the action of the hamstrings when the knee is flexed to 90 degrees?
What is the action of the hamstrings when the knee is flexed to 90 degrees?
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Which structures enter the anterior thigh deep to the inguinal ligament?
Which structures enter the anterior thigh deep to the inguinal ligament?
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Which of the following is NOT a content of the Femoral Triangle?
Which of the following is NOT a content of the Femoral Triangle?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the thigh at the hip?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the thigh at the hip?
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What is the proper order of structures in the femoral sheath from lateral to medial?
What is the proper order of structures in the femoral sheath from lateral to medial?
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What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
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Study Notes
Thigh Anatomy
- Learning Objectives: Students will be able to identify and describe superficial nerves and veins of the thigh region; name the boundaries of the femoral triangle, its contents, and relationships; name and describe attachments, nerve supply, and actions of thigh muscles; and identify, describe, and name the course and relationships of nerves and blood vessels in the thigh.
- Thigh Structures: The superficial structures of the thigh include the inguinal ligament, epigastric vein, femoral artery and vein, ilioinguinal nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, femoral nerve, superficial and anterior femoral cutaneous branches, accessory saphenous vein, great saphenous vein, and obturator nerve, and saphenous nerve.
- Distal Femur: The distal femur features medial and lateral condyles, medial and lateral epicondyles, and an intercondylar notch. The adductor tubercle is a notable feature.
- Proximal Tibia and Fibula: Key structures include the intercondylar tubercles, medial and lateral condyles, anterior intercondylar area, tibial tuberosity, medial and lateral tibial plateaus, and the intercondylar region.
- Knee Joints: The tibiofemoral and superior tibiofibular joints are key structures of the knee.
- Great Saphenous Vein: This vein's pathway is significant, starting from the medial foot and ascending through the leg.
- Saphenous Hiatus: An opening in the fascia lata, where the greater saphenous vein passes through to the femoral vein.
- Inguinal Lymph Nodes: These nodes are strategically placed for receiving lymph drainage from the upper leg and groin area.
- Superficial Lymphatic Drainage: Lymph drains from the superficial lymphatic nodes in the popliteal fossa and the superficial inguinal nodes in the femoral triangle to the deep inguinal nodes, which in turn drain into the external iliac nodes.
- Cutaneous Nerves of Thigh: The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve, and the saphenous nerve (branch from femoral nerve) innervate the thigh's skin.
- Thigh Compartments: The thigh's muscles are organized into compartments defined by intermuscular septa. These compartments include anterior, medial, and posterior categories.
- Anterior Compartment: Key muscles include iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis, and these muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).
- Medial Compartment: Key muscles include gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus. The obturator nerve innervates this compartment.
- Posterior Compartment: Key muscles are semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long and short heads), and these are innervated by the common fibular (peroneal) and tibial nerves.
- Femoral Triangle: Critical boundaries include the inguinal ligament, the medial border of the sartorius muscle, and the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle. The floor comprises the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles. The fascia lata forms the roof. Contents include the femoral nerve, femoral artery, and vein, and lymph nodes.
- Femoral Canal: Part of the femoral triangle, encompassing the femoral artery and vein located medially to the femoral vein.
- Femoral Hernia: Small intestine herniation through the femoral ring into the femoral canal.
- Nerve Supply (Anterior Thigh): The femoral nerve supplies the anterior muscles.
- Nerve Supply (Medial Thigh): The obturator nerve supplies the medial muscles.
- Nerve Supply (Posterior Thigh): The common fibular (peroneal) and tibial nerves innervate the posterior muscles. The sciatic nerve is a primary nerve branch within the posterior compartment.
- Obturator Nerve: Innervates the medial compartment muscles, arising from the L2, L3, and L4 lumbar spinal nerve roots. The obturator nerve travels through the obturator canal to supply the adductor muscles.
- Sciatic Nerve: A larger nerve that branches into tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves. Its posterior compartment function is to innervate hamstring muscles, adductor magnus, and the short head of biceps femoris.
- Vascular Supply (Thigh): The femoral artery and its branches (deep femoral, medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries) provide blood supply.
- Deep Femoral Artery: The main artery that extends into the adductor canal, supplying the muscles of the anterior and medial compartments.
- Perforating Branches: Deep femoral (profunda femoris) artery branches through the adductor magnus muscle to supply the posterior thigh muscles.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the anatomy of the thigh, including the identification of superficial nerves and blood vessels, the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle, as well as the structures of the distal femur and proximal tibia. Students will test their knowledge on attachments, nerve supply, and actions of thigh muscles.
