88 Questions
Which of the following compartments of the thigh does the femoral nerve supply?
Anterior compartment
Which of the following nerves supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
Which of the following muscles is not found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Adductor longus
Which of the following major blood vessels runs through the femoral sheath in the thigh?
Both a and b
Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for hip extension?
Gluteus maximus
Which of the following nerve roots contributes to the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
L2-L3
Which nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the adductor group of muscles in the medial thigh?
Obturator nerve
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the medial muscle group of the thigh?
Obturator externus
What is the anatomical structure known as the 'adductor hiatus'?
An opening for the femoral vessels to pass through the adductor muscles
Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous innervation of the lateral aspect of the thigh?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Which muscle group is responsible for flexion of the thigh and extension of the knee?
Hamstring group
What is the function of the obturator externus muscle?
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the femoral nerve?
Sartorius
Which of the following structures is NOT contained within the adductor canal?
Sciatic nerve
Which of the following muscles is considered part of the quadriceps femoris group?
Vastus intermedius
Which nerve passes distal to the knee joint in the anterior thigh compartment?
Saphenous nerve
Which of the following muscles is considered a gluteal muscle by innervation but is seen during dissection of the anterior thigh compartment?
Tensor fascia lata
Which of the following spinal nerve roots contribute to the formation of the femoral nerve?
L2-L4
Match the nerve with its roots
femoral = L2-L4 obturator = L2-L4 sciatic = L4-L5, S1-S3 genitofemoral = L1-L2
Match the nerve with the area that innervates it
tibial = posterior thigh, posterior leg, plantar foot obturator = medial thigh femoral = thigh fibular/peroneal = thigh, leg, foot
Match the compartment within the THIGH with the nerve that innervates it
Anterior = Femoral Posterior = tibial/peroneal Medial = obturator Lateral = none
Match the compartment within the LEG with the nerve that innervates it
Posterior = Tibial Medial = None Lateral = Peroneal Anterior = Peroneal
Match the muscle with its primary function: rectus femoris, semimembranosus, soleus, vastus medialis
Responsible for knee extension = rectus femoris Involved in extending the knee = semimembranosus Enables ankle dorsiflexion = soleus Responsible for flexing the leg at the knee joint = vastus medialis
Match the muscle with its role in movement: vastus lateralis, popliteus, tibialis posterior, semitendinosus
Involved in hip flexion = vastus lateralis Aids in plantarflexing the foot = popliteus Enables ankle dorsiflexion = tibialis posterior Primarily involved in knee extension = semitendinosus
Match the muscle with its specific function: vastus intermedius, biceps femoris, tibialis posterior, soleus
Responsible for extending the knee = vastus intermedius Involved in plantarflexing the foot = biceps femoris Assists in maintaining ankle stability = tibialis posterior Key muscle for plantarflexion of the foot during walking = soleus
Match the muscle with its anatomical location: vastus medialis, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, soleus
Located in the anterior compartment of the thigh = vastus medialis Found in the posterior compartment of the leg = semimembranosus Situated in the back part of the leg = gastrocnemius Positioned deep to gastrocnemius and also aids in plantarflexion = soleus
Match the anterior compartment actions with the nerve roots that innervate them
hip flexion = L2-L3 knee extension = L3-L4 ankle dorsiflexion = L4-L5 ---- = ----
Match the posterior compartment actions with the nerve roots that innervate them
hip extension = L4-L5 Knee flexion = L5-S1 Ankle plantarflexion = S1-S2 Plantar foot muscles = S2-S3
Match the following dermatomal pattern of innervation with the corresponding body area in the lower limb:
L2-L4 = Anterior thigh L4-S2 = Medial lower leg L5-S2 = Dorsum of foot S1-S3 = Posterior thigh
Match the following bones and ligaments of the pelvis with their respective functions:
Ilium = Forms the greater sciatic notch Ischium = Part of the acetabulum Pubic symphysis = Fibrocartilaginous joint between pubic bones Sacrotuberous ligament = Resists downward rotation of sacrum
Match the following femoral fractures with their corresponding descriptions:
Subtrochanteric fracture = Fracture below the lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric fracture = Fracture between the greater and lesser trochanters Femoral neck fracture = Fracture at the base of the femoral head Transcervical fracture = Fracture through the neck of the femur
Match the following Legg Calve Perthes disease stages with their characteristics:
Initial stage = Osteonecrosis of femoral head Fragmentation stage = Breakdown of necrotic bone and reabsorption Reossification stage = New bone formation at site of necrosis Residual stage = Deformities due to healing process
Match the following lower limb segments with their primary actions during normal gait:
Gluteal region = Stabilization during heel strike Thigh muscles = Extension and flexion during swing phase Popliteal fossa = Flexion during push-off phase Medial lower leg = Controlled lowering of foot to ground
Match the following dermatomes of the lower limb with their corresponding spinal nerve roots:
L2 = Anterior thigh L4 = Medial leg and foot S1 = Lateral foot and calf S2 = Posterior thigh and calf
Match the bones and ligaments of the pelvis with their specific anatomical locations:
Obturator membrane = Obturator canal Femur head = Fovea for ligament of head Neck = Linea aspera Shaft = Supracondylar ridges (medial and lateral)
Match the type of fracture with its related information:
Femoral neck fracture = Possibility of blood supply interruption Spontaneous regression in children = Legg Calve Perthes disease
Match the arterial supply with its anatomical location in the lower limb:
External iliac artery = Above inguinal ligament Deep artery (profunda femoris) = Medial and lateral femoral circumflex supply to head of femur Popliteal artery = Anastomoses around knee Anterior tibial artery = Tibial/fibular trunk
Match the following dermatomes of the lower limb with their corresponding locations:
S1 = Dermatome of the little toe L4/5 = Dermatome of the big toe L2,3,4 = Dermatomes of the anterior and medial thigh S2-3 = Dermatome of plantar foot muscles
Match the segment of the lower limb with its components:
Pelvic girdle = Hip bones + sacrum Thigh = Anterior and posterior compartments Leg = Tibial and peroneal compartments Foot = Tarsal and metatarsal bones
Match the following bones and ligaments of the pelvis with their functions:
Ilium = Support for hip joint Ischium = Weight-bearing in sitting position Sacrum = Forms posterior wall of pelvis Pubic symphysis = Fibrocartilaginous joint between pubic bones
Match the type of fracture with its description:
Femoral fracture = Common in high-impact injuries Tibial fracture = Risk for compartment syndrome Fibular fracture = Often associated with ankle injuries Patellar fracture = Results from direct trauma to knee
Match the condition with its description:
Legg Calve Perthes disease = Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children Osgood-Schlatter disease = Overuse injury at tibial tuberosity in adolescents Achondroplasia = Genetic disorder affecting bone growth in limbs Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease = Hereditary neuropathy causing muscle weakness and sensory loss
Which of the following is NOT a component of the femoral sheath in the thigh?
Obturator nerve
Which of the following structures passes through the adductor hiatus in the thigh?
Obturator nerve
What structure surrounds the thigh and divides it into three compartments?
Fascia Lata
What is the primary function of the fascia lata in the thigh?
To support the superficial veins of the lower limb
In which compartment of the thigh do lymphatics and femoral hernias lie?
Medial compartment
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris group in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Iliopsoas
Which nerve lies lateral to the femoral sheath in the thigh?
Femoral nerve
What is responsible for the femoral pulse and catheterization of the arteries in the femoral triangle?
Femoral artery
Which muscles converge to form the iliopsoas muscle and act to flex the thigh at the hip joint?
Psoas and iliacus muscles
Which structure bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the Lateral Femoral Circumflex?
Profunda artery
Which artery supplies the head of the femur?
Medial femoral circumflex artery
Where do the inguinal nodes and popliteal nodes drain ultimately in the lymphatic system?
Lumbar trunks of the cisterna chyli
Which vein forms due to incompetent valves between superficial and deep vessels, leading to varicose veins?
Greater saphenous vein
Which major artery runs above the inguinal ligament?
External iliac artery
What is the function of the obturator canal?
Transmits the obturator nerve and vessels
Which structure is not contained within the femoral triangle?
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
Which muscle group is responsible for hip flexion?
Psoas and iliacus
Which nerve supplies the majority of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
Which of the following is NOT a component of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?
Sartorius
Which muscle can assist with thigh flexion but is innervated by the gluteal nerve?
Tensor fasciae latae
Which nerve is the only branch of the femoral nerve that passes distal to the knee?
Saphenous nerve
What is the name of the narrow space in the middle third of the thigh between the vastus medialis and adductor muscles, converted into a canal by the overlying sartorius muscle?
Adductor canal
Which structure bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the lateral femoral circumflex artery?
Profunda femoris artery
Which major blood vessel runs through the femoral sheath in the thigh?
Femoral artery
What structure surrounds the thigh and divides it into three compartments?
Fascia lata
Which nerve primarily innervates the adductor longus and gracilis muscles in the anterior thigh?
Obturator nerve
What vessel runs through the adductor hiatus in the thigh?
Femoral artery
Which muscle group is responsible for both flexion of the thigh and extension of the knee joint in the anterior thigh?
Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major), rectus femoris, vastus intermedius
Which nerve provides motor branches to the adductor compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
What is the name of the narrow space in the middle third of the thigh between the vastus medialis and adductor muscles, converted into a canal by the overlying sartorius muscle?
Adductor canal
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
Iliopsoas muscle
Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the thigh?
Cluneal nerves
Which structure bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the lateral femoral circumflex artery?
Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
Which of the following ligaments primarily resists sacral nutation?
Sacrotuberous ligament
Which condition is associated with spontaneous regression of blood supply in children leading to Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
Femoral neck fracture
Which muscle is NOT considered a gluteal muscle but could be observed during dissection of the anterior thigh compartment?
Tensor fasciae latae
Which artery supplies the head of the femur through medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries?
Deep artery of thigh
In Trendelenburg’s Sign, which gluteal muscle weakness leads to dropping of the contralateral pelvis?
Gluteus medius
A 60 yr old man had right hip arthroplasty 6 weeks ago and now presents with difficulty walking. He has difficulty abducting his right hip and when he places weight on the right lower limb his pelvis tilts to the left and he leans to the right with his upper body to compensate. Which of the following is most likely damaged?
Superior Gluteal Nerve
A 40 yr old woman is having hip pain. Physical examination reveals weakness and pain on extension of the left hip. Which muscle is most responsible for extension of the hip.
Gluteus maximus
A 25 yr old woman is admitted to the emergency room after being struck by a car. She complains of severe right hip pain and can’t or won’t move her lower extremity. X-ray demonstrates a displaced fracture of the proximal femur at the neck. Which of the following vessels could be damaged and result in avascular necrosis of the head.
Medial femoral circumflex
Which nerve primarily innervates the deep muscles of the gluteal area?
Sciatic nerve
Which bony landmark is associated with the origin of the hamstrings muscles?
Ischial tuberosity
Which nerve provides motor innervation to the hamstring muscles?
Tibial nerve
In the posterior thigh, the sciatic nerve typically emerges between which two muscles?
Biceps femoris and semimembranosus
Which of the following is a function of the sciatic nerve?
Motor innervation of the hamstrings and lower leg muscles
Sievert Block 4 Week 4
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