Gluteal region and thigh
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following compartments of the thigh does the femoral nerve supply?

  • Medial compartment
  • Posterior compartment
  • Lateral compartment
  • Anterior compartment (correct)

    • Which of the following nerves supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  • Femoral nerve
  • Obturator nerve (correct)
  • Sciatic nerve

    • Which of the following muscles is not found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

  • Adductor longus (correct)
  • Iliacus
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Rectus femoris

    • Which of the following major blood vessels runs through the femoral sheath in the thigh?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for hip extension?

    <p>Gluteus maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerve roots contributes to the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

    <p>L2-L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the adductor group of muscles in the medial thigh?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the medial muscle group of the thigh?

    <p>Obturator externus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical structure known as the 'adductor hiatus'?

    <p>An opening for the femoral vessels to pass through the adductor muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the cutaneous innervation of the lateral aspect of the thigh?

    <p>Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is responsible for flexion of the thigh and extension of the knee?

    <p>Hamstring group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the obturator externus muscle?

    <p>Lateral rotation of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is innervated by the femoral nerve?

    <p>Sartorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT contained within the adductor canal?

    <p>Sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is considered part of the quadriceps femoris group?

    <p>Vastus intermedius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve passes distal to the knee joint in the anterior thigh compartment?

    <p>Saphenous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is considered a gluteal muscle by innervation but is seen during dissection of the anterior thigh compartment?

    <p>Tensor fascia lata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following spinal nerve roots contribute to the formation of the femoral nerve?

    <p>L2-L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nerve with its roots

    <p>femoral = L2-L4 obturator = L2-L4 sciatic = L4-L5, S1-S3 genitofemoral = L1-L2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nerve with the area that innervates it

    <p>tibial = posterior thigh, posterior leg, plantar foot obturator = medial thigh femoral = thigh fibular/peroneal = thigh, leg, foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the compartment within the THIGH with the nerve that innervates it

    <p>Anterior = Femoral Posterior = tibial/peroneal Medial = obturator Lateral = none</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the compartment within the LEG with the nerve that innervates it

    <p>Posterior = Tibial Medial = None Lateral = Peroneal Anterior = Peroneal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the muscle with its primary function: rectus femoris, semimembranosus, soleus, vastus medialis

    <p>Responsible for knee extension = rectus femoris Involved in extending the knee = semimembranosus Enables ankle dorsiflexion = soleus Responsible for flexing the leg at the knee joint = vastus medialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the muscle with its role in movement: vastus lateralis, popliteus, tibialis posterior, semitendinosus

    <p>Involved in hip flexion = vastus lateralis Aids in plantarflexing the foot = popliteus Enables ankle dorsiflexion = tibialis posterior Primarily involved in knee extension = semitendinosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the muscle with its specific function: vastus intermedius, biceps femoris, tibialis posterior, soleus

    <p>Responsible for extending the knee = vastus intermedius Involved in plantarflexing the foot = biceps femoris Assists in maintaining ankle stability = tibialis posterior Key muscle for plantarflexion of the foot during walking = soleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the muscle with its anatomical location: vastus medialis, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, soleus

    <p>Located in the anterior compartment of the thigh = vastus medialis Found in the posterior compartment of the leg = semimembranosus Situated in the back part of the leg = gastrocnemius Positioned deep to gastrocnemius and also aids in plantarflexion = soleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the anterior compartment actions with the nerve roots that innervate them

    <p>hip flexion = L2-L3 knee extension = L3-L4 ankle dorsiflexion = L4-L5 ---- = ----</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the posterior compartment actions with the nerve roots that innervate them

    <p>hip extension = L4-L5 Knee flexion = L5-S1 Ankle plantarflexion = S1-S2 Plantar foot muscles = S2-S3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following dermatomal pattern of innervation with the corresponding body area in the lower limb:

    <p>L2-L4 = Anterior thigh L4-S2 = Medial lower leg L5-S2 = Dorsum of foot S1-S3 = Posterior thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones and ligaments of the pelvis with their respective functions:

    <p>Ilium = Forms the greater sciatic notch Ischium = Part of the acetabulum Pubic symphysis = Fibrocartilaginous joint between pubic bones Sacrotuberous ligament = Resists downward rotation of sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following femoral fractures with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Subtrochanteric fracture = Fracture below the lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric fracture = Fracture between the greater and lesser trochanters Femoral neck fracture = Fracture at the base of the femoral head Transcervical fracture = Fracture through the neck of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Legg Calve Perthes disease stages with their characteristics:

    <p>Initial stage = Osteonecrosis of femoral head Fragmentation stage = Breakdown of necrotic bone and reabsorption Reossification stage = New bone formation at site of necrosis Residual stage = Deformities due to healing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following lower limb segments with their primary actions during normal gait:

    <p>Gluteal region = Stabilization during heel strike Thigh muscles = Extension and flexion during swing phase Popliteal fossa = Flexion during push-off phase Medial lower leg = Controlled lowering of foot to ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following dermatomes of the lower limb with their corresponding spinal nerve roots:

    <p>L2 = Anterior thigh L4 = Medial leg and foot S1 = Lateral foot and calf S2 = Posterior thigh and calf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the bones and ligaments of the pelvis with their specific anatomical locations:

    <p>Obturator membrane = Obturator canal Femur head = Fovea for ligament of head Neck = Linea aspera Shaft = Supracondylar ridges (medial and lateral)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of fracture with its related information:

    <p>Femoral neck fracture = Possibility of blood supply interruption Spontaneous regression in children = Legg Calve Perthes disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the arterial supply with its anatomical location in the lower limb:

    <p>External iliac artery = Above inguinal ligament Deep artery (profunda femoris) = Medial and lateral femoral circumflex supply to head of femur Popliteal artery = Anastomoses around knee Anterior tibial artery = Tibial/fibular trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following dermatomes of the lower limb with their corresponding locations:

    <p>S1 = Dermatome of the little toe L4/5 = Dermatome of the big toe L2,3,4 = Dermatomes of the anterior and medial thigh S2-3 = Dermatome of plantar foot muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the segment of the lower limb with its components:

    <p>Pelvic girdle = Hip bones + sacrum Thigh = Anterior and posterior compartments Leg = Tibial and peroneal compartments Foot = Tarsal and metatarsal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones and ligaments of the pelvis with their functions:

    <p>Ilium = Support for hip joint Ischium = Weight-bearing in sitting position Sacrum = Forms posterior wall of pelvis Pubic symphysis = Fibrocartilaginous joint between pubic bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of fracture with its description:

    <p>Femoral fracture = Common in high-impact injuries Tibial fracture = Risk for compartment syndrome Fibular fracture = Often associated with ankle injuries Patellar fracture = Results from direct trauma to knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the condition with its description:

    <p>Legg Calve Perthes disease = Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children Osgood-Schlatter disease = Overuse injury at tibial tuberosity in adolescents Achondroplasia = Genetic disorder affecting bone growth in limbs Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease = Hereditary neuropathy causing muscle weakness and sensory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the femoral sheath in the thigh?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures passes through the adductor hiatus in the thigh?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds the thigh and divides it into three compartments?

    <p>Fascia Lata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fascia lata in the thigh?

    <p>To support the superficial veins of the lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which compartment of the thigh do lymphatics and femoral hernias lie?

    <p>Medial compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris group in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

    <p>Iliopsoas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve lies lateral to the femoral sheath in the thigh?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the femoral pulse and catheterization of the arteries in the femoral triangle?

    <p>Femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles converge to form the iliopsoas muscle and act to flex the thigh at the hip joint?

    <p>Psoas and iliacus muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the Lateral Femoral Circumflex?

    <p>Profunda artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the head of the femur?

    <p>Medial femoral circumflex artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the inguinal nodes and popliteal nodes drain ultimately in the lymphatic system?

    <p>Lumbar trunks of the cisterna chyli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein forms due to incompetent valves between superficial and deep vessels, leading to varicose veins?

    <p>Greater saphenous vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major artery runs above the inguinal ligament?

    <p>External iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the obturator canal?

    <p>Transmits the obturator nerve and vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is not contained within the femoral triangle?

    <p>Deep inguinal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is responsible for hip flexion?

    <p>Psoas and iliacus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the majority of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?

    <p>Sartorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle can assist with thigh flexion but is innervated by the gluteal nerve?

    <p>Tensor fasciae latae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is the only branch of the femoral nerve that passes distal to the knee?

    <p>Saphenous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the narrow space in the middle third of the thigh between the vastus medialis and adductor muscles, converted into a canal by the overlying sartorius muscle?

    <p>Adductor canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the lateral femoral circumflex artery?

    <p>Profunda femoris artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major blood vessel runs through the femoral sheath in the thigh?

    <p>Femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds the thigh and divides it into three compartments?

    <p>Fascia lata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve primarily innervates the adductor longus and gracilis muscles in the anterior thigh?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel runs through the adductor hiatus in the thigh?

    <p>Femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is responsible for both flexion of the thigh and extension of the knee joint in the anterior thigh?

    <p>Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major), rectus femoris, vastus intermedius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides motor branches to the adductor compartment of the thigh?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the narrow space in the middle third of the thigh between the vastus medialis and adductor muscles, converted into a canal by the overlying sartorius muscle?

    <p>Adductor canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip flexion?

    <p>Iliopsoas muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the thigh?

    <p>Cluneal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the lateral femoral circumflex artery?

    <p>Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ligaments primarily resists sacral nutation?

    <p>Sacrotuberous ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with spontaneous regression of blood supply in children leading to Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

    <p>Femoral neck fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT considered a gluteal muscle but could be observed during dissection of the anterior thigh compartment?

    <p>Tensor fasciae latae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the head of the femur through medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries?

    <p>Deep artery of thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Trendelenburg’s Sign, which gluteal muscle weakness leads to dropping of the contralateral pelvis?

    <p>Gluteus medius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 60 yr old man had right hip arthroplasty 6 weeks ago and now presents with difficulty walking. He has difficulty abducting his right hip and when he places weight on the right lower limb his pelvis tilts to the left and he leans to the right with his upper body to compensate. Which of the following is most likely damaged?

    <p>Superior Gluteal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 40 yr old woman is having hip pain. Physical examination reveals weakness and pain on extension of the left hip. Which muscle is most responsible for extension of the hip.

    <p>Gluteus maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 25 yr old woman is admitted to the emergency room after being struck by a car. She complains of severe right hip pain and can’t or won’t move her lower extremity. X-ray demonstrates a displaced fracture of the proximal femur at the neck. Which of the following vessels could be damaged and result in avascular necrosis of the head.

    <p>Medial femoral circumflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve primarily innervates the deep muscles of the gluteal area?

    <p>Sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bony landmark is associated with the origin of the hamstrings muscles?

    <p>Ischial tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides motor innervation to the hamstring muscles?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the posterior thigh, the sciatic nerve typically emerges between which two muscles?

    <p>Biceps femoris and semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the sciatic nerve?

    <p>Motor innervation of the hamstrings and lower leg muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Femoral Nerve & Compartments

    • The femoral nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh.
    • The obturator nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh.
    • The biceps femoris is not found in the anterior compartment of the thigh.
    • The femoral artery runs through the femoral sheath in the thigh.
    • The gluteus maximus is primarily responsible for hip extension.
    • The L2, L3, and L4 nerve roots contribute to the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh.
    • The obturator nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the adductor group of muscles in the medial thigh.
    • The sartorius is NOT part of the medial muscle group of the thigh.

    Adductor Hiatus & Additional Structures

    • The adductor hiatus is an opening in the adductor magnus muscle that allows for the passage of the femoral artery, vein, and saphenous nerve.

    Nerves & Muscles

    • The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is responsible for the cutaneous innervation of the lateral aspect of the thigh.
    • The hamstrings are responsible for flexion of the thigh and extension of the knee.
    • The obturator externus muscle laterally rotates and externally abducts the hip.
    • The rectus femoris is innervated by the femoral nerve
    • The saphenous nerve is NOT contained within the adductor canal.
    • The vastus medialis is considered part of the quadriceps femoris group.
    • The saphenous nerve passes distal to the knee joint in the anterior thigh compartment.
    • The tensor fasciae latae is considered a gluteal muscle by innervation but is seen during dissection of the anterior thigh compartment.
    • The L2, L3, and L4 spinal nerve roots contribute to the formation of the femoral nerve.

    Nerve & Muscle Groups

    • Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4): Anterior thigh compartment
    • Obturator nerve (L2-L4): Medial thigh compartment
    • Tibial nerve (L4-S3): Posterior leg compartment
    • Common peroneal nerve (L4-S2): Anterior & Lateral leg compartments

    Muscle Actions & Anatomical Location

    • Rectus femoris: Extends the knee, flexes the thigh
    • Semimembranosus: Extends the hip, flexes the knee
    • Soleus: Plantarflexes the foot
    • Vastus medialis: Extends the knee
    • Vastus lateralis: Extends the knee
    • Popliteus: Flexes/rotates the knee
    • Tibialis posterior: Plantarflexes and inverts the foot
    • Semitendinosus: Extends the hip, flexes the knee
    • Vastus intermedius: Extends the knee
    • Biceps femoris: Extends the hip, flexes the knee
    • Tibialis posterior: Plantarflexes and inverts the foot
    • Soleus: Plantarflexes the foot
    • Vastus medialis: On the medial thigh
    • Semimembranosus: On the posterior thigh
    • Gastrocnemius: On the posterior thigh
    • Soleus: On the posterior leg

    Lower Limb Function & Innervation

    • Anterior compartment actions (Extension of the knee, flexion of the hip): L2, L3, L4
    • Posterior compartment actions (Flexion of the knee, extension of the hip): L4, L5, S1, S2
    • L2-L4: Anterior thigh, medial thigh
    • L4-S1: Posterior thigh, posterior leg
    • L5: Lateral leg
    • S1-S2: Lateral leg
    • S2-S5: Sole of the foot
    • L3: Anterior thigh
    • L4: Medial leg
    • S1: Lateral foot
    • S2: Sole of the foot
    • S3: Sole of the foot

    Pelvic Structures

    • Sacrum: Supports weight, transfers weight to the legs
    • Ilium: Provides attachment for muscles, forms the pelvic bowl
    • Ischium: Supports weight while sitting, forms the pelvic bowl
    • Pubis: Forms the anterior part of the pelvis, provides attachment for muscles
    • Iliofemoral ligament: Limits hyperextension of the hip, strengthens the joint
    • Pubofemoral ligament: Reinforces the anterior portion of the hip, limits abduction and external rotation
    • Ischiofemoral ligament: Limits medial rotation of the hip

    Femoral Fractures & Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

    • Subcapital fracture: Fracture immediately below the head of the femur
    • Transcervical fracture: Fracture through the neck of the femur
    • Intertrochanteric fracture: Fracture between the greater and lesser trochanters
    • Subtrochanteric fracture: Fracture below the lesser trochanter
    • Stage 1: Early stage of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease characterized by fragmentation of the femoral head
    • Stage 2: Significant fragmentation of the femoral head with increased joint space widening
    • Stage 3: Collapse of the femoral head with increased joint space narrowing
    • Stage 4: Re-ossification and remodeling of the femoral head

    Lower Limb Gait & Dermatomal Pattern

    • Heel strike: The heel contacts the ground, the knee is slightly flexed
    • Foot flat: The entire foot is flat on the ground, the knee is extending
    • Midstance: The body weight is over the supporting leg, the knee is extended
    • Heel off: The heel lifts off the ground, the knee is still extended
    • Toe off: The toes leave the ground, the knee is flexing
    • Swing phase: The leg swings forward, the knee is flexing
    • L2: Anterior thigh
    • L3: Medial thigh, knee
    • L4: Medial leg, ankle
    • L5: Lateral leg, foot
    • S1: Lateral foot, little toe
    • S2: Posterior thigh
    • S3: Buttocks, perineum

    Pelvic Structures & Fractures

    • Ilium, ischium, pubis: Form the pelvic ring
    • Sacroiliac joints: Connect the sacrum and the ilium
    • Sacrotuberous ligament: Connects the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, limits rotation
    • Sacrospinous ligament: Connects the sacrum to the ischial spine, limits rotation, forms the greater sciatic foramen
    • Open fracture: Fracture that breaks through the skin, risk of infection
    • Comminuted fracture: Fracture with multiple bone fragments
    • Stress fracture: Incomplete fracture caused by repetitive strain

    Lower Limb Blood Supply & Dermatomes

    • Femoral artery: Supplies the anterior and medial thigh
    • Popliteal artery: Supplies the posterior thigh and leg
    • Tibial arteries: Supply the calf muscles and foot
    • Peroneal arteries: Supply the lateral aspect of the leg and ankle
    • L2: Skin over the anterosuperior aspect of the thigh
    • L3: Skin over the anterior thigh, medial knee
    • L4: Skin over the medial leg
    • L5: Skin over the lateral leg, dorsum of the foot
    • S1: Skin over the lateral foot, sole of the foot
    • S2: Skin over the posterior thigh, buttock

    Lower Limb Segments & Pelvic Structure Functions

    • Thigh: Femur, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings
    • Leg: Tibia, fibula, calf muscles
    • Foot: Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
    • Ilium, ischium, pubis: Form the pelvic ring, support weight, provide attachment for muscles
    • Sacroiliac joints: Connect the sacrum and ilium, allow for limited movement
    • Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments: Limit rotation of the sacrum, provide stability

    Femoral Sheath & Adductor Hiatus

    • The femoral sheath does not contain the femoral nerve.
    • The femoral artery, vein, and saphenous nerve pass through the adductor hiatus in the thigh.
    • The fascia lata surrounds the thigh and divides it into three compartments: anterior, medial, and posterior.
    • The fascia lata helps to support the muscles, stabilize the hip joint, and maintain blood circulation in the lower extremity.
    • The femoral canal, located within the medial compartment, is where lymphatics and femoral hernias lie.
    • The vastus intermedius is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris group in the anterior compartment of the thigh.
    • The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve lies lateral to the femoral sheath in the thigh.
    • The femoral artery is responsible for the femoral pulse and for catheterization of the arteries in the femoral triangle.
    • The iliacus and psoas major muscles converge to form the iliopsoas muscle and act to flex the thigh at the hip joint.
    • The descending genicular artery bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the Lateral Femoral Circumflex.
    • The medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries supply the head of the femur.
    • Lymph from the inguinal nodes and popliteal nodes ultimately drains into the deep lymph nodes of the thorax.
    • The greater saphenous vein forms due to incompetent valves between superficial and deep vessels, leading to varicose veins.
    • The femoral artery runs above the inguinal ligament.
    • The obturator canal allows for the passage of the obturator nerve, artery, and vein.
    • The femoral nerve is not contained within the femoral triangle.
    • The iliopsoas muscle group is responsible for hip flexion.
    • The femoral nerve supplies the majority of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh.
    • The vastus intermedius is NOT a component of the quadriceps femoris muscle group.
    • The tensor fascia latae can assist with thigh flexion but is innervated by the gluteal nerve.
    • The saphenous nerve is the only branch of the femoral nerve that passes distal to the knee.
    • The adductor canal is the narrow space in the middle third of the thigh between the vastus medialis and adductor muscles, converted into a canal by the overlying sartorius muscle.
    • The descending genicular artery bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the lateral femoral circumflex artery.
    • The femoral artery runs through the femoral sheath in the thigh.
    • The fascia lata surrounds the thigh and divides it into three compartments: anterior, medial, and posterior.
    • The obturator nerve primarily innervates the adductor longus and gracilis muscles in the anterior thigh.
    • The femoral artery runs through the adductor hiatus in the thigh.
    • The quadriceps femoris muscle group is responsible for both flexion of the thigh and extension of the knee joint in the anterior thigh.
    • The obturator nerve provides motor branches to the adductor compartment of the thigh
    • The adductor canal is the narrow space in the middle third of the thigh between the vastus medialis and adductor muscles, converted into a canal by the overlying sartorius muscle.
    • The iliopsoas muscle group is primarily responsible for hip flexion.
    • The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the thigh.
    • The descending genicular artery bypasses a blocked femoral artery by descending from the lateral femoral circumflex artery
    • The iliofemoral ligament primarily resists sacral nutation.
    • Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is associated with spontaneous regression of blood supply in children.
    • The tensor fascia latae is NOT considered a gluteal muscle but could be observed during dissection of the anterior thigh compartment.
    • The medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries supply the head of the femur through medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.
    • Weakness of the gluteus medius muscle leads to dropping of the contralateral pelvis in Trendelenburg’s Sign.
    • The superior gluteal nerve is most likely damaged in this scenario.
    • The gluteus maximus muscle is most responsible for extension of the hip joint.
    • The medial circumflex femoral artery could be damaged and result in avascular necrosis of the head in this scenario.
    • The inferior gluteal nerve primarily innervates the deep muscles of the gluteal area.
    • The ischial tuberosity is associated with the origin of the hamstrings muscles.
    • The tibial nerve provides motor innervation to the hamstring muscles
    • The sciatic nerve typically emerges between the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles in the posterior thigh.
    • The sciatic nerve is important for controlling movement in the lower leg and foot, and for transmitting sensory information from the leg and foot to the brain.

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