Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of system allows both energy and mass to freely enter and exit?
Which type of system allows both energy and mass to freely enter and exit?
A fixed boundary in a thermodynamic system indicates that it can change its volume.
A fixed boundary in a thermodynamic system indicates that it can change its volume.
False (B)
What is the primary difference between a closed system and an isolated system?
What is the primary difference between a closed system and an isolated system?
A closed system allows energy to enter and exit, but not mass, while an isolated system prevents both energy and mass transfer.
The region outside of the system being studied in thermodynamics is referred to as the ______.
The region outside of the system being studied in thermodynamics is referred to as the ______.
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Match the following thermodynamic system types with their respective descriptions:
Match the following thermodynamic system types with their respective descriptions:
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Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
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The force acting on an object is directly proportional to its acceleration.
The force acting on an object is directly proportional to its acceleration.
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What is the definition of 'density'?
What is the definition of 'density'?
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A ______ is a device that measures the difference in pressure between two points.
A ______ is a device that measures the difference in pressure between two points.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What unit is used for measuring pressure?
What unit is used for measuring pressure?
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Absolute pressure is measured relative to a ______.
Absolute pressure is measured relative to a ______.
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Gauge pressure is the same as absolute pressure.
Gauge pressure is the same as absolute pressure.
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What is the relationship between the pressure at one end of a manometer and the height difference in the mercury column?
What is the relationship between the pressure at one end of a manometer and the height difference in the mercury column?
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Pressure expressed in mmHg or inHg is equivalent to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury of a specific height.
Pressure expressed in mmHg or inHg is equivalent to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury of a specific height.
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A bottle of water exerts a pressure of 1.0529 psi on a table. What is the pressure in psf?
A bottle of water exerts a pressure of 1.0529 psi on a table. What is the pressure in psf?
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Specific gravity is also known as ______.
Specific gravity is also known as ______.
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Volume is an intensive property while specific volume is an extensive property.
Volume is an intensive property while specific volume is an extensive property.
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What is the density of a fluid with a relative density of 0.7 to mercury?
What is the density of a fluid with a relative density of 0.7 to mercury?
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An astronaut measures a meteorite's weight on Mars to be 0.3108 slugs. The Martian gravity is 38% of Earth's standard gravity. What is the meteorite's mass in slugs?
An astronaut measures a meteorite's weight on Mars to be 0.3108 slugs. The Martian gravity is 38% of Earth's standard gravity. What is the meteorite's mass in slugs?
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Flashcards
Surroundings
Surroundings
The environment outside of the system being studied.
Boundary
Boundary
An imaginary or real line that separates the system from the surroundings.
Closed System
Closed System
A system where energy can enter or exit, but mass cannot flow in or out.
Isolated System
Isolated System
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Open System
Open System
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Gage Pressure
Gage Pressure
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Absolute Pressure
Absolute Pressure
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Relative Density
Relative Density
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Specific Volume
Specific Volume
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Volume
Volume
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Pressure in mmHg
Pressure in mmHg
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Mercury Density
Mercury Density
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Piston and Manometer
Piston and Manometer
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Extensive Property
Extensive Property
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Intensive Property
Intensive Property
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Mass (m)
Mass (m)
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Pressure
Pressure
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Vacuum Pressure
Vacuum Pressure
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U-Tube Manometer
U-Tube Manometer
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Study Notes
Thermodynamics Systems
- A system is the object or body being studied.
- Surroundings are the environment outside the system.
- A boundary is an imaginary or real line separating the system from its surroundings.
- Boundary Types:
- Fixed Boundary: A boundary that does not change.
- Movable Boundary: A boundary that can change.
Closed System (Control Mass)
- In a closed system, mass remains constant.
- Energy (heat or work) can flow in or out of the system.
- The volume can change depending on the type of boundary.
Isolated System
- Neither mass nor energy can cross the boundary.
- The system does not interact with the surroundings.
- The volume and boundary are fixed.
Open System (Control Volume)
- Mass and energy can flow in or out of the system.
- A fixed space is being studied.
- The volume does not change.
Thermodynamic Properties
- Extensive Properties: Depend on the amount of matter in the system. Examples: mass (m), volume (V), pressure (P), and energy (E).
- Intensive Properties: Independent of the amount of matter in the system. Examples: temperature (T), density (ρ), specific volume (v), and specific energy (e).
Mass and Force
- Mass: The amount of matter in a substance. It correlates to an object's resistance to change in motion.
- Force: A push or pull on an object resulting in acceleration.
- Newton's Second Law of Motion: If units are not unified, equation needs modification. k is the constant of proportionality or conversion factor.
Non-standard Units
- Kilogram-force: When 1 kilogram-mass is accelerated by gravity, it's equivalent to 1.
- Pound-mass: Equivalent to 1 when accelerated at a rate of 32.174.
Pressure
- Pressure is force per unit area.
- Can be in all directions (static pressure), in one direction (dynamic pressure), or just distributed over an area.
- Pressure changes from high pressure to low pressure.
Barometric Devices
- Measuring Pressure: Using comparators for absolute, gauge, and vacuum pressures.
- Absolute Pressure: Measured relative to a perfect vacuum.
- Gauge Pressure: Difference between two pressures.
- Vacuum Pressure: Pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.
U-Tube Manometer
- A U-shaped tube filled with mercury.
- Measures pressure differences across the tube.
- The difference in mercury height is related to the gauge pressure.
Pressure in mmHg and inHg
- mmHg or inHg represent a pressure equivalent to a specified height of mercury.
Examples (Problems)
- Various examples provided involving calculations of pressure, mass, and specific volume using different units and systems.
Relative Density
- Also called specific gravity, a dimensionless quantity.
- The ratio between two substances.
Volume vs. Specific Volume
- Volume: Space occupied by a given mass. An extensive property.
- Specific Volume: Space occupied by a unit mass. An intensive property.
Additional Examples (Numerical Problems)
- Multiple problem scenarios, addressing various thermodynamic concepts like specific volume, relative density and more.
- Detailed calculations and explanations provided for each example.
Exercise (Problem)
- An astronaut finds a meteorite and measures its properties in relation to Martian gravity to determine Atmospheric pressure.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of thermodynamic systems, including closed, isolated, and open systems. Learn about boundaries, properties, and the interactions between systems and their surroundings. Perfect for students studying thermodynamics.
