Questions and Answers
The present article reveals an important role and wide applications played by the ______.
resins
Herbal system is considered as a complimentary and alternative system of medicines plays a significant role in ______.
India
Resins being the natural products are the secondary metabolites which have ______ actions in humans.
therapeutic
Humans have been using plant resins for thousands of ______.
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Resins are collected by artificial injury to plants though they are secreted by plants in response to protect the ______.
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Resins are ______ products of complex nature.
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Resin is a viscous compound that hardens over time but softens on ______.
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The softer odoriferous oleo-resins and gum resins are used for ______ purposes.
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Resins are often a choice in preparing many ______ in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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The article was received on 05 January, ______; received in revised form 26 February, 2011.
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Kotkar Parimal is associated with the Department of ______ at H.K. College of Pharmacy.
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Resins play an immense role in today's ______.
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Many resinous products are not formed by the plant unless ______ injuries are made.
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Resins are found as exudations from the ______ of various trees.
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Resins are usually ______ than water.
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The secretions or plant exudates must be tapped ______.
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On being heated at a relatively low temperature, the viscous liquid, composed mainly of volatile fluid ___ first get softened and ultimately melt down.
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The most common ___ in resin are the bicyclic terpenes alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3 carene and sabinene.
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On being heated in the air i.e., in the presence of oxygen, resins usually burn readily with a smoky flame by virtue of the presence of a large number of ___ in their structure.
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On being heated in a closed container i.e., in the absence of oxygen, they undergo ___ and very often give rise to empyreumatic products.
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Some resins also contain a high proportion of resin ___.
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A few plants produce resins with different compositions, most notably Jeffrey Pine and Gray Pine, the volatile components of which are largely pure n-___.
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Resins are bad conductors of electricity, but when rubbed usually become negatively ___.
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The individual components of resin can be separated by fractional ___.
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Podophyllotoxin is derived from ______ resin.
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Capsaicin is found in the composition of ______.
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The red coloring principle of capsaicin is known as ______.
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Podophyllotoxin exhibits ______ activity.
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Capsaicin can induce long-lasting ______ of airway mucosa.
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Podophyllotoxin contains at least 40% of ______.
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Chemical oxidation with KMnO4 destroys the ______ of capsaicin.
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Podophyllum resin is used in the treatment of chronic ______ diseases.
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Turmeric contains volatile oil (5-6%), resin, and substantial quantity of ______ starch.
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The pronounced yellow color in turmeric is due to the presence of ______.
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The volatile oil in turmeric contains chemical substances such as d-α-______.
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Turmeric is frequently employed as an ______ and stimulant.
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Myrrh acts as an ______ to the mucous membrane.
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Turmeric is used in oral hygiene formulations, such as gargles and ______.
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It is utilized extensively in the production of synthetic ______.
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It is employed as a counterirritant and ______.
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Study Notes
Overview of Resins
- Resins are complex, amorphous natural products and secondary metabolites of plants with therapeutic properties.
- Used for thousands of years in herbal medicine, particularly in India, where the herbal system complements traditional medicine.
- Secreted by plants as a defense mechanism; often collected through artificial injuries made to the plant.
- Possess unique properties: viscous, hardens over time, softens when melted, and are insoluble in water.
Properties and Composition
- Typically consist of essential oils, terpenes, and carboxylic acids, forming a thick, sticky texture.
- Major components include terpenes such as alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and limonene.
- Resins burn readily in the presence of oxygen, producing a smoky flame due to high carbon content.
- When heated in a closed container (absence of oxygen), resin can decompose, yielding hydrocarbons.
Applications in Pharmaceuticals
- Resins are utilized in preparing pharmaceutical excipients and sustained-release drug formulations.
- Oleo-resins and gum resins, which contain essential oils, are preferred for therapeutic and aromatic applications.
Oleoresins and Their Uses
- Extracted from specific plants, oleoresins contain various bioactive compounds implicated in multiple therapeutic uses.
Capsicum (Capsaicin)
- Contains 8-12% capsaicin and is known for its pungency, affecting pain receptors.
- Utilized as a neurobiological tool to induce desensitization of airway mucosa.
- Employed externally as a counterirritant and stimulant in the treatment of nervous disorders.
Turmeric
- Comprises volatile oil, resin, and curcuminoids, contributing to its characteristic yellow color and medicinal properties.
- Has antiseptic and stimulant qualities, commonly used in stimulating ointments and as an insecticide.
- Contains diverse chemical substances which enhance its applications in pharmacology and health.
Myrrh
- Recognized for its astringent properties, beneficial for mucous membranes.
- Frequently included in oral hygiene products like gargles and mouthwashes.
- Exhibits carminative effects, aiding in digestion.
Conclusion
- Resins from herbal origins play a vital role in modern pharmaceuticals due to their diverse therapeutic applications.
- Their unique chemical properties and biological activities underline their significance in both traditional and contemporary medicinal practices.
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Description
Explore the thermal behavior of viscous liquids, particularly focusing on how resins behave when heated at low temperatures. Learn about the main components of resins, including terpenes, and how they transition from a sticky state to an adhesive state without decomposing.
