Physics - Particle Model
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Questions and Answers

What is the specific heat of a substance measured in?

  • J/kg°C (correct)
  • J/kg
  • °C
  • kg/m³

    • The average kinetic energy of a gas increases when the gas is cooled.

    False (B)

    What is the formula for calculating density?

    ρ = m/v

    The amount of thermal energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance is called __________.

    <p>latent heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following states of matter with their characteristics:

    <p>Solids = Particles vibrate around a fixed position Liquids = Particles are close together and can move around Gases = Particles are far apart and move quickly Plasma = Ionized gas with free electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between temperature and average kinetic energy of gas particles?

    <p>Higher temperature means higher average kinetic energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To find the density of an irregular object, you can measure the water displaced by the object when submerged.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of variables in an experiment?

    <p>Independent, Dependent, Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the movement of particles in a liquid?

    <p>Particles are close together but can move around. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The latent heat is the thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1C.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for density?

    <p>kg/m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, the variable that we measure is called the ______ variable.

    <p>dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following temperature scales with their conversion method:

    <p>C K = + 273 K C = - 273</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula correctly calculates the change in thermal energy when a substance changes state?

    <p>$\Delta Q = m imes L$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The particles in solids are far apart and move quickly in random directions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does specific heat measure?

    <p>The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the change in thermal energy when there is a change in temperature?

    <p>$\Delta Q = m \times c \times \Delta \theta$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, control variables are those that we intentionally change to observe their effect.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two measurements are needed to calculate the density of an object?

    <p>mass and volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The particles in a _______ are close together but can move around.

    <p>liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the state of matter with its description of particle arrangement:

    <p>Solid = Particles vibrate around a fixed position Liquid = Particles are close together but can move around Gas = Particles are far apart and move quickly in random directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes what happens to the average kinetic energy of a gas when it is heated?

    <p>The average kinetic energy increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The relationship between °C and Kelvin scale means you can convert from Kelvin to °C by adding 273.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the measure of mass per unit volume?

    <p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variable that we intentionally change in an experiment is called the ______ variable.

    <p>independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following variables with their definitions:

    <p>Independent variable = The variable that we change. Dependent variable = The variable that we measure. Control variable = The variables that we keep the same throughout the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct formula to calculate change in thermal energy when there is a change of state?

    <p>$\Delta Q = m \times L$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, you need to subtract 273.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the experiment described in the notes?

    <p>To calculate the density of irregular and regular shaped materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variable that we keep the same throughout an experiment is called the ______ variable.

    <p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following definitions to their corresponding concepts:

    <p>Specific heat = Energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C Latent heat = Energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance Density = Mass per unit volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thermal Energy

    • Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
    • The hotter the substance, the higher the average kinetic energy of its particles.
    • The cooler the substance, the lower the average kinetic energy of its particles.
    • Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, at which the particles are essentially motionless.
    • The Kelvin scale is equivalent to -273°C.

    Specific Heat

    • Specific heat is the thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C.
    • The specific heat of a substance is measured in J/kg°C.
    • The equation for calculating the change in thermal energy (ΔQ) is ΔQ = m × c × Δθ, where m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and Δθ is the change in temperature.

    Latent Heat

    • Latent heat is the thermal energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature.
    • For example, latent heat is needed when a solid changes to a liquid.

    Particle Model

    • Particle theory describes the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
    • In a solid, particles vibrate around a fixed position because there's a strong force of attraction between them.
    • In a liquid, particles are close together but can move in any direction. The force of attraction is not as strong as in a solid.
    • In a gas, particles are far apart and move quickly in all directions. The force of attraction between them is very weak which is why they are easily squashed and spread out.

    Density

    • Density is a measure of how much mass there is per unit volume.
    • The equation for density is ρ = m/V, where ρ is density, m is mass, and V is volume.
    • Density is measured in kg/m³ or g/cm³.
    • Density experiments can involve regular and irregular shapes.
    • Density can be calculated by first measuring the mass of an object using a scale (like grams) and then measuring its volume (like cm³).
    • To calculate the density of irregular shaped materials, first measure the mass of the object using a scale, then fill a measuring cylinder with water, carefully submerge the object in the water, and measure the new volume of the water. The difference between the two volumes is the volume of the object. Then, calculate the density using the equation: density = mass / volume.
    • To calculate the density of regular shaped materials, use the dimensions of the shape to calculate its volume and then divide the mass by the volume.

    Experiments

    • Density experiments involve calculating the densities of irregular and regular shaped objects.
    • Materials like masses, scales, measuring cylinders, beakers/containers, water, are required.
    • Results are displayed in tables with correct units and headers.
    • Density calculations involve selecting appropriate measuring equipment to collect necessary data for volume and mass.
    • Methods for calculating density include determining the volume of a regular object by using its measurements to calculate the volume and then dividing the mass by the volume.
    • Methods for calculating density include determining the volume of an irregular object by measuring the volume of water displaced when the object is submerged in water.
    • To calculate the density of irregular objects, use a measuring cylinder, and water. Add water to the measuring cylinder and record the initial volume. Submerge the object completely in the water, and record the new volume. Subtract the initial volume from the new volume to find out the volume of the object. Calculate the density using the equation, mass/volume.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on thermal energy concepts including temperature, specific heat, and latent heat. This quiz covers basic principles, formulas, and the significance of absolute zero. Enhance your understanding of how energy transfers in different states of matter.

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