Therapeutic Exercise and Physical Therapy Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of therapeutic exercise?

  • To optimize overall health status and fitness (correct)
  • To eliminate all forms of pain
  • To promote relaxation only
  • To provide dance training for patients

Which statement best defines a patient in physical therapy?

  • An individual engaging in fitness activities
  • Someone with diagnosed impairments and functional deficits (correct)
  • A healthy person seeking wellness
  • An athlete training for competition

What aspect of physical function does balance refer to?

  • Executing dance movements gracefully
  • Performing aerobic exercises
  • Aligning body segments against gravity (correct)
  • The ability to lift heavy weights

Cardiopulmonary fitness is also known as?

<p>Cardiopulmonary endurance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does flexibility primarily allow?

<p>Movement without restriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes mobility?

<p>The ability of body structures to move for functional activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coordination essential for?

<p>Smooth and efficient movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle performance is defined as the capacity of muscle to?

<p>Produce tension and perform physical work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of therapeutic exercise is particularly focused on reducing health-related risk factors?

<p>Preventing impairments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of disability encompass in the context of the ICF model?

<p>Inability to participate in activities related to oneself and the community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes primary prevention?

<p>Health promotion activities aimed at preventing disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prerequisite for designing an effective exercise program?

<p>Integration of knowledge from various disciplines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in designing an exercise program?

<p>Comprehensive examination of the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of prevention focuses on early diagnosis and reduction of disease severity?

<p>Secondary prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of designing an exercise program?

<p>Implementing a one-size-fits-all exercise plan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does muscle performance include?

<p>Strength, power, and muscular endurance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neuromuscular control primarily responsible for?

<p>Coordinating the interaction of sensory and motor systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stability refers to the maintenance of joint alignment?

<p>Joint stability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of therapeutic exercise intervention?

<p>Medication therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for ensuring patient safety during exercises?

<p>Evaluating the patient's health and environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does postural control significantly affect?

<p>Joint alignment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model focuses on functioning in everyday life and disability?

<p>ICIDH model (B), Nagi model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding signs of fatigue important in exercise?

<p>To mitigate risk of injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does muscle-lengthening techniques play in therapeutic exercise?

<p>Facilitating muscle performance and flexibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator of adequate exercise space?

<p>A large area with appropriate surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key component identified in early models of functioning and disability?

<p>Societal norms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the ICF model in contrast to previous models like Nagi and ICIDH?

<p>Bio-psycho-social integration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Nagi model, which term is used at the personal level to represent limitations?

<p>Disability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ICF model define disability?

<p>As a consequence of activity limitations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the criticisms faced by the Nagi, ICIDH, and NCMRR models?

<p>Neglect of social context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ICF model focuses on the integrity of body functions and structures?

<p>Functioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ICF model as described?

<p>To provide a common language across health professions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is associated with the societal level in the ICIDH model?

<p>Handicap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do impairments reflect in the context of the ICF model?

<p>Abnormalities at the body system level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model is designed as a companion to the WHO's ICD?

<p>ICF Model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes impairments of body structure in the ICF model?

<p>Impairments affecting the musculoskeletal system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary impairment in the context of musculoskeletal conditions?

<p>Postural issues from previous injuries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a neuromuscular impairment?

<p>Impaired balance and postural stability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines composite impairments?

<p>Impairments resulting from multiple primary or secondary impairments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cardiovascular/pulmonary impairment?

<p>Pain with sustained physical activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to an indirect or secondary impairment?

<p>A preexisting postural impairment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of therapeutic exercise, reduced torque production is categorized under which type of impairment?

<p>Musculoskeletal impairment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with abnormal tone as a neuromuscular impairment?

<p>Dystonia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identifying which of the following may be a result of multiple underlying impairments?

<p>Post-surgical strength loss after joint immobilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of immobilization in musculoskeletal injuries?

<p>Decreased muscle length. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Therapeutic Exercise

Planned bodily movements, postures, or activities to help patients/clients prevent impairments, improve function, reduce risks, and optimize health.

Patient

Person with diagnosed impairments and functional deficits receiving physical therapy.

Client

Person without diagnosed dysfunction using physical therapy for health and wellness.

Balance

Ability to maintain body alignment against gravity within a supporting base.

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Cardiopulmonary fitness

Endurance to perform repetitive whole-body movements over a longer period.

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Coordination

Correct timing and sequencing of muscles for smooth, efficient movement.

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Flexibility

The ability to move freely without restriction.

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Mobility

Ability of body parts to move allowing a range of motion for activity.

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Muscle Performance

Ability of muscles to produce strength and do physical work.

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ICIDH Model

A previous model for disability that focused primarily on disease and a medical biological view, lacking attention to human functioning and wellness.

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Nagi Model

A model that focuses on the process of becoming disabled; it differentiates between pathology, impairments, functional limitations, and disability.

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ICF Model

A bio-psycho-social model that integrates abilities and disabilities in a comprehensive perspective of human functioning and disability, intended for use across health professions.

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Impairments

Consequences of pathological conditions; the signs and symptoms reflecting abnormalities in body systems.

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Functioning

Characterized by the integrity of body functions and structures, and the ability to participate in life's activities.

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Disability

A result of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.

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Activity Limitations

Difficulties a person may have in executing actions or tasks.

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Participation Restrictions

Problems in engaging in various life situations or societal roles.

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Disability (ICF)

Inability to perform activities related to self, home, work, or the community.

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Primary Prevention

Activities preventing disease in at-risk populations.

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Secondary Prevention

Early diagnosis and reducing disease severity.

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Tertiary Prevention

Rehabilitation reducing disability and improving function.

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Exercise Program Design

Creating an exercise plan customized for a patient's needs.

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Comprehensive Examination

A thorough evaluation of a patient's condition.

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Functional Disabilities

Problems preventing a patient from doing daily tasks.

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Exercise Program Goals

Setting aims and objectives for the therapy.

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Re-Evaluation

Assessing progress in treatment and adjusting the program.

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Impairments (ICF)

Subdivisions of body function and structure affecting systems like musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, cardiovascular/pulmonary, and integumentary.

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Primary Impairment

Impairment directly resulting from a health condition (e.g., tendonitis).

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Secondary Impairment

Impairment resulting from a pre-existing condition (e.g., posture affecting shoulder impingement).

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Composite Impairment

Impairment from multiple underlying causes; a combination of primary and secondary impairments.

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Musculoskeletal Impairment

Problems with muscles, joints, and bones, including weakness, decreased endurance, limited range of motion, faulty posture, etc.

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Neuromuscular Impairment

Problems with the nervous system and muscles, including balance issues, incoordination, abnormal muscle tone (hypotonia, hypertonia, dystonia), and motor delays.

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Cardiovascular/Pulmonary Impairment

Problems with the heart and lungs, encompassing decreased endurance (cardiopulmonary), circulation problems, and pain with physical activity.

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Integumentary Impairment

Problems with the skin, such as hypomobility (immobile/adherent scarring).

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Muscle weakness

Reduced ability of muscles to generate force.

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Decreased muscular endurance

Inability to sustain muscular contractions for a prolonged time.

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Limited range of motion

Restriction in the movement capabilities of a joint.

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Muscle Performance

The ability of muscles to generate force, power, and endurance.

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Neuromuscular Control

How the nervous and muscular systems work together to produce coordinated movements.

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Stability

The ability to maintain a stationary position or control a stable base during movement.

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Joint Stability

Maintaining the proper alignment of bones at a joint.

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Aerobic Conditioning

Activities that improve the body's ability to use oxygen for energy over long periods.

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Muscle Performance Exercises

Exercises that build muscle strength, power, and endurance.

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Stretching Techniques

Methods to increase muscle flexibility.

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Neuromuscular Control Techniques

Methods to improve the communication and coordination between nerves and muscles.

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Postural Control

Maintaining a correct body position.

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Balance Exercises

Exercises designed to improve balance.

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Agility Training

Exercises that improve the ability to change direction quickly and efficiently.

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Exercise Safety

Precautions to prevent injuries during exercise.

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Patient Health History

Information about a patient's medical history to determine safety precautions.

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Exercise Environment

The physical setting where exercises are performed.

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Exercise Intensity

The level of effort during an exercise.

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Exercise Speed

The pace at which exercises are performed.

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Exercise Duration

The length of time an exercise is performed.

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Fatigue

Feeling tired or exhausted during or after exercise.

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Nagi Model

A model of functioning and disability linking health status, daily function, and disability.

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ICIDH Model

International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. A model of disability by WHO.

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