52 Questions
What is the main focus of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)?
Understanding the factors influencing human behavior
In the context of the TPB, what factors play a role in a person's choice between eating a healthy salad or indulging in fast food?
Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control
What is the focus of the lecture 'Social science of road safety'?
Understanding the social and psychological aspects of road safety
Which of the following is a key factor in the decision of whether to wear a seat belt while driving a car, according to the TPB?
Perceived control
What does TPB link beliefs to?
Behavior
Who elaborated TPB as an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action?
Icek Ajzen
What is the immediate antecedent of behavior according to TPB?
Intention
Which construct of TPB refers to the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior?
Perceived behavioral control
What refers to beliefs about social approval in TPB?
Subjective norms
What does TPB consider as the motivational factor influencing behavior?
Behavioral intention
Which field has TPB been successfully applied to?
Environmental science
What does TPB consider as the determinant of behaviors?
Behavioral intentions
What do behavioral beliefs produce according to TPB?
Attitudes
What does TPB consider as the degree of favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior?
Attitudes
What does TPB consider as the perception of ease or difficulty of performing a behavior?
Perceived behavioral control
What does TPB consider as beliefs about likely consequences, normative expectations, and factors that may facilitate or impede behavior?
Guiding beliefs
What does road safety culture refer to?
Collective values, attitudes, and behaviors prioritizing safe and responsible actions on the road
What is a characteristic of a strong road safety culture?
A shared commitment to safety
What can significantly reduce accidents and injuries on the road?
A strong road safety culture
What influences behavioral change in transport psychology?
Psychological factors and processes
What is the role of values in Road Safety Culture (RSC)?
Legitimizing and motivating risky driving, related to accidents
What encompasses road safety culture?
Awareness and knowledge, attitudes and perceptions, social norms, and risk perception
How is road safety culture measured and evaluated?
Surveys, questionnaires, focus groups, and observational studies
What is the focus of initiatives promoting road safety culture?
Encouraging responsible road use
Which country has the highest road safety level in Europe?
Norway
Which country performs better than the EU average in terms of road safety?
Israel
Which country lags behind in terms of road safety compared to Norway and Israel?
Greece
What do Greek drivers value higher than drivers from Norway and Israel?
Freedom to take risk in traffic
What does the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) suggest determines intentions?
Personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control
Which concept aligns with Bandura's concept of perceived self-efficacy?
Perceived behavioral control
What emerged after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and is different from safety climate?
Safety culture
How is safety culture often measured?
By Safety Climate Questionnaires (SCQs)
What has potential for improving traffic safety, especially when applied to local communities, nations, or peer groups?
Safety culture
What do studies of organizational safety culture and safety climate among professional drivers in road transport often combine SCQs with?
Questionnaires measuring self-reported driving behaviors and attitudes towards traffic safety interventions
What does the American Automobile Association (AAA) conduct annually to measure knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relevant to traffic safety?
Public surveys known as the 'Traffic Safety Culture Index'
What is a fundamental theme that defines the status of traffic safety in different countries?
National focus on individual freedom versus paternalistic values
What does subjective norms refer to?
An individual's perception of others' attitudes towards a behavior
What does personal attitudes encompass?
Individual beliefs, both positive and negative, regarding a specific behavior
What is safety culture expressed through?
Safety climate
What does perceived behavioral control depend on?
An individual's belief in their ability to control their behavior
Which construct is assessed using 7-point bipolar adjective scales in TPB?
Perceived behavioral control
What is the main limitation of TPB according to the text?
Lack of consideration for fear, threat, and mood
What did the pre-driver education in the UK aim to improve?
Attitudes to road safety in 15-16-year-old students
Which element does TPB involve in defining behavior?
Target, action, context, and time
What emerges as the strongest predictor of pedestrians’ road crossing intention?
Perceived behavioral control
Which behavior did the pre-driver education in the UK have small short-term improvements in?
Some road safety beliefs
What is the main focus of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)?
Predicting an individual’s decision to engage in a specific behavior
What is the TPB constructs that refers to the degree of favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior?
Attitude
What is the cognitive theory proposed by Azjen in 1985?
Theory of Planned Behavior
What is the assumption of TPB according to the text?
Assumption of acquired opportunities and resources
What is the role of perceived behavioral control according to TPB?
Assessing the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior
What is the strongest predictor of pedestrians’ road crossing intention according to the text?
Perceived behavioral control
Study Notes
Theory of Planned Behaviour and Safety Culture in Traffic Safety
- The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) suggests that intentions are determined by personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
- Personal attitudes encompass individual beliefs, both positive and negative, regarding a specific behavior, such as smoking.
- Subjective norms refer to an individual's perception of others' attitudes towards a behavior, like family and friends' opinions on smoking.
- Perceived behavioral control depends on an individual's belief in their ability to control their behavior, which affects both intention and behavior directly.
- Perceived behavioral control aligns with Bandura's concept of perceived self-efficacy.
- The TPB can be applied to various scenarios, such as university students' intention to use public transportation or citizens' intention to participate in recycling programs.
- Safety culture, linked to the pursuit of safety within an organization, emerged after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and is different from safety climate, which can be seen as manifestations of safety culture.
- Safety culture is expressed through safety climate and is often measured by Safety Climate Questionnaires (SCQs).
- The concept of safety culture has potential for improving traffic safety, especially when applied to local communities, nations, or peer groups.
- Studies of organizational safety culture and safety climate among professional drivers in road transport often combine SCQs with questionnaires measuring self-reported driving behaviors and attitudes towards traffic safety interventions.
- The American Automobile Association (AAA) conducts annual public surveys, known as the "Traffic Safety Culture Index," to measure knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relevant to traffic safety.
- National focus on individual freedom versus paternalistic values is a fundamental theme that defines the status of traffic safety in different countries.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
- TPB involves defining the behavior by target, action, context, and time elements (e.g., exercising for 20 min, 3 times per week, for 3 months)
- The TPB constructs include attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention, each assessed using 7-point bipolar adjective scales
- TPB has applications in predicting pedestrians’ road crossing intention, motorcyclists’ intention to ride above the speed, and the effectiveness of pre-driver education on road safety beliefs
- Pre-driver education in the UK aimed to improve attitudes to road safety in 15-16-year-old students from 12 schools, with small short-term improvements in some beliefs but no effect on others
- Pedestrians’ road crossing intention was predicted using scenarios and measures of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, self-identity, and intention, with perceived behavioral control emerging as the strongest predictor
- TPB has limitations including the assumption that the person has acquired opportunities and resources and the lack of consideration for fear, threat, mood, past experience, environmental or economic factors, and the time frame between intention and behavioral action
- The TPB is a cognitive theory proposed by Azjen in 1985, suggesting that an individual’s decision to engage in a specific behavior can be predicted by their intention to engage in that behavior
Test your knowledge of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Safety Culture in Traffic Safety with this quiz. Challenge yourself with questions on TPB constructs, applications in traffic safety, and the influence of safety culture on traffic safety. Become familiar with key concepts and their implications for improving road safety.
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