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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)?
What is the main focus of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)?
- Understanding the factors influencing human behavior (correct)
- Predicting human behavior with 100% accuracy
- Explaining human behavior based on genetics
- Controlling human behavior through external factors
In the context of the TPB, what factors play a role in a person's choice between eating a healthy salad or indulging in fast food?
In the context of the TPB, what factors play a role in a person's choice between eating a healthy salad or indulging in fast food?
- Social media trends, celebrity endorsements, and advertising slogans
- Cultural influences, genetic predisposition, and weather conditions
- Economic status, political beliefs, and educational background
- Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control (correct)
What is the focus of the lecture 'Social science of road safety'?
What is the focus of the lecture 'Social science of road safety'?
- Analyzing historical road safety data
- Implementing strict legal penalties for road violations
- Developing advanced road safety technologies
- Understanding the social and psychological aspects of road safety (correct)
Which of the following is a key factor in the decision of whether to wear a seat belt while driving a car, according to the TPB?
Which of the following is a key factor in the decision of whether to wear a seat belt while driving a car, according to the TPB?
What does TPB link beliefs to?
What does TPB link beliefs to?
Who elaborated TPB as an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action?
Who elaborated TPB as an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action?
What is the immediate antecedent of behavior according to TPB?
What is the immediate antecedent of behavior according to TPB?
Which construct of TPB refers to the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior?
Which construct of TPB refers to the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior?
What refers to beliefs about social approval in TPB?
What refers to beliefs about social approval in TPB?
What does TPB consider as the motivational factor influencing behavior?
What does TPB consider as the motivational factor influencing behavior?
Which field has TPB been successfully applied to?
Which field has TPB been successfully applied to?
What does TPB consider as the determinant of behaviors?
What does TPB consider as the determinant of behaviors?
What do behavioral beliefs produce according to TPB?
What do behavioral beliefs produce according to TPB?
What does TPB consider as the degree of favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior?
What does TPB consider as the degree of favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior?
What does TPB consider as the perception of ease or difficulty of performing a behavior?
What does TPB consider as the perception of ease or difficulty of performing a behavior?
What does TPB consider as beliefs about likely consequences, normative expectations, and factors that may facilitate or impede behavior?
What does TPB consider as beliefs about likely consequences, normative expectations, and factors that may facilitate or impede behavior?
What does road safety culture refer to?
What does road safety culture refer to?
What is a characteristic of a strong road safety culture?
What is a characteristic of a strong road safety culture?
What can significantly reduce accidents and injuries on the road?
What can significantly reduce accidents and injuries on the road?
What influences behavioral change in transport psychology?
What influences behavioral change in transport psychology?
What is the role of values in Road Safety Culture (RSC)?
What is the role of values in Road Safety Culture (RSC)?
What encompasses road safety culture?
What encompasses road safety culture?
How is road safety culture measured and evaluated?
How is road safety culture measured and evaluated?
What is the focus of initiatives promoting road safety culture?
What is the focus of initiatives promoting road safety culture?
Which country has the highest road safety level in Europe?
Which country has the highest road safety level in Europe?
Which country performs better than the EU average in terms of road safety?
Which country performs better than the EU average in terms of road safety?
Which country lags behind in terms of road safety compared to Norway and Israel?
Which country lags behind in terms of road safety compared to Norway and Israel?
What do Greek drivers value higher than drivers from Norway and Israel?
What do Greek drivers value higher than drivers from Norway and Israel?
What does the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) suggest determines intentions?
What does the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) suggest determines intentions?
Which concept aligns with Bandura's concept of perceived self-efficacy?
Which concept aligns with Bandura's concept of perceived self-efficacy?
What emerged after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and is different from safety climate?
What emerged after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and is different from safety climate?
How is safety culture often measured?
How is safety culture often measured?
What has potential for improving traffic safety, especially when applied to local communities, nations, or peer groups?
What has potential for improving traffic safety, especially when applied to local communities, nations, or peer groups?
What do studies of organizational safety culture and safety climate among professional drivers in road transport often combine SCQs with?
What do studies of organizational safety culture and safety climate among professional drivers in road transport often combine SCQs with?
What does the American Automobile Association (AAA) conduct annually to measure knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relevant to traffic safety?
What does the American Automobile Association (AAA) conduct annually to measure knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relevant to traffic safety?
What is a fundamental theme that defines the status of traffic safety in different countries?
What is a fundamental theme that defines the status of traffic safety in different countries?
What does subjective norms refer to?
What does subjective norms refer to?
What does personal attitudes encompass?
What does personal attitudes encompass?
What is safety culture expressed through?
What is safety culture expressed through?
What does perceived behavioral control depend on?
What does perceived behavioral control depend on?
Which construct is assessed using 7-point bipolar adjective scales in TPB?
Which construct is assessed using 7-point bipolar adjective scales in TPB?
What is the main limitation of TPB according to the text?
What is the main limitation of TPB according to the text?
What did the pre-driver education in the UK aim to improve?
What did the pre-driver education in the UK aim to improve?
Which element does TPB involve in defining behavior?
Which element does TPB involve in defining behavior?
What emerges as the strongest predictor of pedestrians’ road crossing intention?
What emerges as the strongest predictor of pedestrians’ road crossing intention?
Which behavior did the pre-driver education in the UK have small short-term improvements in?
Which behavior did the pre-driver education in the UK have small short-term improvements in?
What is the main focus of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)?
What is the main focus of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)?
What is the TPB constructs that refers to the degree of favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior?
What is the TPB constructs that refers to the degree of favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior?
What is the cognitive theory proposed by Azjen in 1985?
What is the cognitive theory proposed by Azjen in 1985?
What is the assumption of TPB according to the text?
What is the assumption of TPB according to the text?
What is the role of perceived behavioral control according to TPB?
What is the role of perceived behavioral control according to TPB?
What is the strongest predictor of pedestrians’ road crossing intention according to the text?
What is the strongest predictor of pedestrians’ road crossing intention according to the text?
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Study Notes
Theory of Planned Behaviour and Safety Culture in Traffic Safety
- The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) suggests that intentions are determined by personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
- Personal attitudes encompass individual beliefs, both positive and negative, regarding a specific behavior, such as smoking.
- Subjective norms refer to an individual's perception of others' attitudes towards a behavior, like family and friends' opinions on smoking.
- Perceived behavioral control depends on an individual's belief in their ability to control their behavior, which affects both intention and behavior directly.
- Perceived behavioral control aligns with Bandura's concept of perceived self-efficacy.
- The TPB can be applied to various scenarios, such as university students' intention to use public transportation or citizens' intention to participate in recycling programs.
- Safety culture, linked to the pursuit of safety within an organization, emerged after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and is different from safety climate, which can be seen as manifestations of safety culture.
- Safety culture is expressed through safety climate and is often measured by Safety Climate Questionnaires (SCQs).
- The concept of safety culture has potential for improving traffic safety, especially when applied to local communities, nations, or peer groups.
- Studies of organizational safety culture and safety climate among professional drivers in road transport often combine SCQs with questionnaires measuring self-reported driving behaviors and attitudes towards traffic safety interventions.
- The American Automobile Association (AAA) conducts annual public surveys, known as the "Traffic Safety Culture Index," to measure knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relevant to traffic safety.
- National focus on individual freedom versus paternalistic values is a fundamental theme that defines the status of traffic safety in different countries.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
- TPB involves defining the behavior by target, action, context, and time elements (e.g., exercising for 20 min, 3 times per week, for 3 months)
- The TPB constructs include attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention, each assessed using 7-point bipolar adjective scales
- TPB has applications in predicting pedestrians’ road crossing intention, motorcyclists’ intention to ride above the speed, and the effectiveness of pre-driver education on road safety beliefs
- Pre-driver education in the UK aimed to improve attitudes to road safety in 15-16-year-old students from 12 schools, with small short-term improvements in some beliefs but no effect on others
- Pedestrians’ road crossing intention was predicted using scenarios and measures of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, self-identity, and intention, with perceived behavioral control emerging as the strongest predictor
- TPB has limitations including the assumption that the person has acquired opportunities and resources and the lack of consideration for fear, threat, mood, past experience, environmental or economic factors, and the time frame between intention and behavioral action
- The TPB is a cognitive theory proposed by Azjen in 1985, suggesting that an individual’s decision to engage in a specific behavior can be predicted by their intention to engage in that behavior
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