Theory of Planned Behavior Quiz

Volitional Behavior: Behavior that is under conscious control.
Perceived Behavioral Control: How easy or difficult a person believes it is to perform the behavior.
- Three Types of Belief:
  - Attitude: A person's positive or negative evaluation of performing the behavior.
  - Subjective Norms: Perceptions of social pressure to perform or not perform the behavior.
  - Perceived Behavioral Control: Beliefs about personal control over the behavior.
Three Processes:
- Behavioral Beliefs: Beliefs about the consequences of performing the behavior.
- Normative Beliefs: Beliefs about what important others think about the behavior.
- Control Beliefs: Beliefs about the factors that might facilitate or hinder performance of the behavior.

Pedagogy: The art and science of teaching children.
Andragogy: The art and science of teaching adults.
Elements of Learning:
- Goal: The desired outcome of the learning process.
- Readiness: The learner's preparedness to learn.
- Situation: The context in which learning takes place.
- Interpretation: How the learner understands the information.
- Response: The learner's reaction to the information.
- Consequence: The outcome of the learner's response.
- Reaction to Thwarting: How the learner responds to obstacles or challenges in the learning process.

Behaviorist/Associationist Theorists: Focus on observable behaviors and how they are learned through association.
- Pavlov's Classical Conditioning: Learning through associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
  - Example: Salivating at the sound of a bell because it has been paired with food.
- Thorndike's Law of Exercise and Law of Effect:
  - Law of Exercise: The more a response is practiced, the stronger the association becomes.
  - Law of Effect: Responses followed by a reward are strengthened, while those followed by punishment are weakened.
- Skinner's Operant Conditioning: Learning through associations between behavior and its consequences.
  - Reinforcers: Strengthen the behavior.
  - Punishers: Weaken the behavior.
Cognitive Theories: Focus on mental processes, such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.
- Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory: Learning through observation, imitation, and self-regulation.
- Tolman's Cognitive Mapping: Learning through creating mental representations of the environment.
Humanist Theories: Focus on the learner's feelings, motivations, and self-concept.

Formal Learning: Structured learning in educational institutions.
Informal Learning: Learning that occurs outside of formal settings.
Non-formal Learning: Structured learning outside of formal educational institutions.
Experiential Learning: Learning through doing and reflecting on the experience.

Communication Theory: The Shannon-Weaver Model: A model of communication that includes a sender, a message, a channel, a receiver, and noise.
- First: Opinion leaders receive information from media sources.
- Second: Opinion leaders pass the information and their interpretations to others.
Diffusion of Innovation: The process of how new ideas and technologies spread through society.
- Five Stages of Adoption:
  - Awareness: Becoming aware of the innovation.
  - Interest: Developing interest in the innovation.
  - Evaluation: Weighing the pros and cons of the innovation.
  - Trial: Trying out the innovation.
  - Adoption: Deciding to use the innovation regularly.
Input: Elements of communication, such as the sender, message, and channel.
Output: The outcome of communication, such as understanding, persuasion, or action.
Principles of Communication:
- Clarity: The message should be clear and easy to understand.
- Conciseness: The message should be brief and to the point.
- Courtesy: The message should be respectful and considerate of the receiver.
- Correctness: The message should be accurate and free from errors.
Barriers to Communication:
- Physical barriers: Noise, distance, or distractions.
- Psychological barriers: Prejudice, emotions, or lack of interest.
- Semantic barriers: Differences in language or meaning.
- Cultural barriers: Differences in values, beliefs, or customs.

Cognition Change: A change in knowledge or perception.
Attitude Change: A change in beliefs and feelings.
Behavior Change: A change in actions.
Social Change: A change in the ways a society functions.
Elements of Change:
- Driving Forces: Factors that push for change.
- Restraining Forces: Factors that resist change.
- Unfreezing: Preparing for change.
- Moving: Implementing the change.
- Refreezing: Stabilizing the change.

Stages of Change Model: A model of behavior change that describes the stages people go through as they change their behavior.
- Precontemplation: Not considering change.
- Contemplation: Considering change.
- Preparation: Planning for change.
- Action: Making the change.
- Maintenance: Sustaining the change.
- Relapse: Returning to old behaviors.