Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Binet's definition, which element is NOT emphasized as a component of intelligence?
According to Binet's definition, which element is NOT emphasized as a component of intelligence?
- The capacity to make adaptations
- Accumulation of knowledge (correct)
- The power of autocriticism
- Maintaining a definite direction
In Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, what distinguishes the 'G factor' from the 'S factor'?
In Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, what distinguishes the 'G factor' from the 'S factor'?
- There is no difference between the 'G factor' and the 'S factor'.
- The 'G factor' is a general mental ability, while the 'S factor' represents specific skills or knowledge. (correct)
- The 'G factor' is specific to certain tasks, while the 'S factor' underlies all cognitive abilities.
- The 'G factor' is acquired through education, while the 'S factor' is innate.
Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of Thurstone's challenge to Spearman's concept of 'g'?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of Thurstone's challenge to Spearman's concept of 'g'?
- Thurstone did not address Spearman's concept of 'g'.
- Thurstone suggested 'g' is only relevant to academic performance.
- Thurstone argued that intelligence is a single, unified ability, supporting Spearman.
- Thurstone proposed that intelligence comprises several independent primary mental abilities. (correct)
According to the Gf-Gc model, what is the primary difference between fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc)?
According to the Gf-Gc model, what is the primary difference between fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc)?
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory proposes three types of intelligence. Which of the following is the BEST example of practical intelligence?
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory proposes three types of intelligence. Which of the following is the BEST example of practical intelligence?
What was the MAIN contribution of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale to the field of intelligence testing?
What was the MAIN contribution of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale to the field of intelligence testing?
Which of the following BEST describes the Information-Processing View of intelligence?
Which of the following BEST describes the Information-Processing View of intelligence?
If someone excels at solving complex logic puzzles but struggles with vocabulary and general knowledge, which theory of intelligence BEST explains this discrepancy?
If someone excels at solving complex logic puzzles but struggles with vocabulary and general knowledge, which theory of intelligence BEST explains this discrepancy?
An individual is excellent at both painting and singing. According to the text, how would Spearman's two-factor theory explain this?
An individual is excellent at both painting and singing. According to the text, how would Spearman's two-factor theory explain this?
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale provides both a Verbal IQ and a Performance IQ score. What is the primary distinction between these two scores?
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale provides both a Verbal IQ and a Performance IQ score. What is the primary distinction between these two scores?
Flashcards
Binet's Definition of Intelligence
Binet's Definition of Intelligence
The tendency to maintain a definite direction and adaptations for attaining a desired end.
Spearman's G
Spearman's G
A general intelligence factor (g) underlying all cognitive abilities.
G Factor (Two Factor Theory)
G Factor (Two Factor Theory)
Universal inborn ability that varies and influences performance on mental tasks. Made of eductive and reproductive abilities.
S Factor (Two Factor Theory)
S Factor (Two Factor Theory)
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Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities
Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities
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Gf-Gc Model (Cattell-Horn)
Gf-Gc Model (Cattell-Horn)
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Fluid Intelligence (Gf)
Fluid Intelligence (Gf)
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Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)
Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)
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Information-Processing View of Intelligence
Information-Processing View of Intelligence
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Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
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Study Notes
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Intelligence is defined as the tendency to take and maintain a definite direction
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Intelligence is defined as the capacity to make adaptations for attaining a desired end
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Intelligence is defined as the power of autocriticism based on Binet's definition
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Intelligence is "adjustment or adaptation of the individual to their total environment" according to Freeman (1955)
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Intelligence is the ability to learn according to Freeman (1955)
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Intelligence is the ability to carry on abstract thinking according to Freeman (1955)
Spearman's G
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Spearman proposed a general intelligence factor (g) underlying all cognitive abilities
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High g leads to better performance across different tasks
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Low g leads to struggle across different tasks
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Spearman developed the theory of G factor using Factor Analysis
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Spearman later revised it to the two-factor theory (G factor and S factor)
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One general intelligence includes mental operations that are primarily nature and common to all performances.
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The general intelligence factor can be understood as anything you do
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The S factor means specific factor of intelligence.
Two Factor Theory of Intelligence
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G Factor is universal inborn ability
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G Factor varies from individual to individual and helps in different mental operations.
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G Factor is used in everyday activities and influences the performance on all mental tasks.
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'G' is not made up of one single ability
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'G' composed of two genetically influenced, unique abilities working together called "eductive" and "reproductive"
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S Factor means every individual possess some specific abilities and usually gets success in the same
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Examples like, Singing, Painting etc.
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People can also possess more than one special abilities in varying degrees.
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One form of specific ability may not help in other one.
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Abilities can also be learned, acquired and strengthened.
Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities (1938)
- Louis Thurstone identified seven independent abilities, challenging Spearman's g
- The seven independent abilities are: verbal comprehension, numerical ability, spatial relations, perceptual speed, memory, inductive reasoning, and word fluency.
- Unlike the g-factor, intelligence is multidimensional
- Strengths in one area do not guarantee strengths in others.
Gf-Gc Model (Cattell, 1963; Horn, 1966)
- Intelligence is divided into fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc)
- Gf means problem-solving and reasoning in new situations (e.g., solving puzzles)
- Gc means knowledge from past experiences (e.g., vocabulary, general knowledge)
Information-Processing View (Sternberg, 1985)
- Intelligence is about how well the brain processes information, rather than a fixed ability
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory Includes
- Analytical intelligence is defined as problem-solving and logical reasoning
- Creative intelligence is defined as innovation and thinking outside the box
- Practical intelligence is defined as “street smarts” and real-world application
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Terman, 1916)
- First standardized IQ test
- Measures five cognitive abilities: fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory
Wechsler Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1939, 1955)
- Consists of different versions: WAIS (adults), WISC (children), WPPSI (preschoolers)
- Divides intelligence into Verbal IQ (language-based skills) and Performance IQ (non-verbal problem-solving)
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